英语人教版八年级下册unit10 1a-2d.doc

Unit 10 Ive had this bike for three years. 教案Period 1 Section A (1a-2d)学习目标：知识目标：掌握本课单词和短语yard sale, sweet, soft toy, bear maker, scarf, board game, check out 能力目标：能听懂谈论人们拥有某物多长时间的话题，能熟练运用since, for 谈论自己的个人物品。情感目标：正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。Step1 PresentationTalk about some pictures about the yard sale.The picture shows two children standing outside, talking. The boy is having a yard sale. He is standing behind a table on the grass in the yard in front of his house. The table is covered with things his family is selling: old clothes, toys, cups and glasses, plates and bowls, books, a vase and a lamp. The girl is carrying a backpack on her back and asking about the red bicycle.Yard sales are events in the US and Canada where people sell old things that they no longer want, on the grass in front of their house their yard. People often hold yard sales in spring when they clean out their houses and get rid of things they dont use or want anymore. People who plan to hold a yard sale will usually put up notices around their community and put up signs to point the way to their house.A yard sale also known as garage sale, lawn sale, tag sale, etc. Step 2 Pair workWork on 1a. Show the things at the yard sale. Let the students talk about them in pairs by using the important sentences. -How long have you had that bike over there? -Ive had it for three years! I learned how to ride a bike on it. Step 3 Listening : work on 1b Listen and check () the facts you hear.Listen again and answer the questions:1. Isnt it hard to sell some useless things?2. How long has Jeff had that bike?3. How much is the book?Step 4 Work on 1cPractice the conversation. Then make conversations about other things in the picture above.Step 5 Listening 2a, 2b Work on 2a. Listen and check () the things Amys family are giving away and circle the things they are keeping.Work on 2b. Listen again and fill in the blanks.Step 6 Pair work Work on 2c. Student A is Amys mom, Student B is Amy. Make new conversations according to 2c.Step 7 2d Role play the conversation Let the students read 2d, then role play the conversations in pairs.Step 8 Language points1. -How long have you had that bike there?-I have had it for three years辨析：how long, how soon, how often, how farHow long 多久，多长（时间）。对时间段提问，如：for+时间段；since+过去的时间点。e.g. -How long have you worked in Beijing? -For five years.How soon 多久以后。对“in+时间段提问，常用于一般将来时”，其答语常用“in+时间段”。e.g. How soon will Mr. Li be back? -In a week. How often 多久一次，对频率提问，其答语为：once（twice/）+时间段，always，usually等。e.g. -How often do you exercise? - Once a day.How far 多远，对距离提问，其答语是表距离的内容。e.g. -How far is it from here to your school? - Three kilometers.辨析：for 与sincefor其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态，表示动作或状态持续时间段长短。e.g. I have lived in this city for five years. 我在这座城市居住了5年了。 He usually sleeps for twelve hours every day. 他通常每天睡12个小时。since 其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（过去时），也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型：“It is +时间段+since+一般过去时的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续到说话时的动作或状态。e.g. It is two years since I came to China. 自从我到中国以来已经两年了。 She has worked here for five years. =She has worked here since five years ago. 她在这儿工作5年了。2. Jeffs family is having a yard sale.sale用作名词，意为“出售，销售”，on sale意为“出售，上市”；for sale意为“待售，供出售”，尤指从主人手里出售。【来源：21世纪教育网】e.g. Chickens are on sale in the market. 小鸡在市场上出售。 Im sorry, its not for sale. 抱歉，它不出售。3. Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things.艾米认为卖掉她的旧东西很难。Its +adj. (+for sb.) to do sth. 意为“（对某人来说）做某事时的”，it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面的动词不定式。21e.g. Its important for un to learn English well. 学好英语对于我们来说是很重要的。4. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.艾米想保留她的旧东西，因为它们勾起她的甜蜜回忆。memory n. ，意为“记忆；回忆”，复数形式为memories，动词为memorize，意为“记忆，背诵”。e.g. She has a good memory. 她记忆力好。5. Because I dont read it anymore. 因为我不再看它了。副词anymore亦可写作any more，常用于否定句的末尾，意思是“再（不）； (不）再”。not anymore 相当于 not any longer，You can have it, for I dont need it anymore.你可以把它拿走，因为我不再需要它了。 6. Because Ive had it since I was a baby.因为我还是个婴儿的时候就拥有它了。since(自从）常常引导短语或从句，用于现在完成时的句子中。since引出从句 时，从句中一般使用过去时。www-2-1-cnjy-com再如：Ive had these soft toys since I was a child.我还是个孩子的时候就有这些毛绒玩具了。 Since that unfortunate accident last week, I havent been sleeping at all well.自从上 周发生了那次不幸的事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。7. Ive had this magazine for a couple of months. 这本杂志我买了几个月了。a couple of 表示具体的数量“两个”，指两个相同的人或物体; 表示数量不定的“少数几个”，作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视上下文和具体的语境而决定，例如：You have to wait for a couple of hours for the clothes to dry completely. 你得等上一两个小时让这些衣服完全晾干。8. The stories inside may be a bit old, but theyre still interesting.21cnjycoma bit 意为“一点儿，稍微”，修饰形容词或副词，相当于 a little； a bit of +不可数名词，a little直接加不可数名词。 e.g. There is a bit of/a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有点儿水。not a bit =not at all 意为“一点也不” not a little =very 意为“非常” e,g. She is not a bit happy. 她一点儿也不快乐。 He is not a little tired.=He is very tired. 他非常累。7. And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids.check用作及物动词，意为“检查，审查”，短语check out，意为“察看，观察”。e.g. If you finish it，check it by yourself first. 如果你完成了，就自己先检查一下。Check out all the books for children. 察看一下所有的儿童书籍。check 还可用作名词，意为“支票。账单”Step 9 Exercises:Step 10 Homework Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? What would you do with the money you raise? Discuss with your classmates.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】Period 2 Section A (3a-3c)学习目标：知识目标：掌握本课单词和短语clear clear out bedroom no longer own railway certain honest truthful to be honest part part with while 能力目标： 能从阅读中获得个人物品的相关信息。情感目标：正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。教学过程：Step 1 Review:Youre going to have a yard sale.Collect all your old things and think about:A: Which one will you give away? B: .A: Why? B: .A: Which one will you keep? B: .A: Why? B: .Step 2 Group work:When do people usually have yard sales?What kinds of things do people sell in a yard sale?Why do people like to have a yard sale?Step 3 Fast reading work on 3a Read the article written by a father for a newspaper. What is his family going to sell at the yard sale?Keys Son : a train and railway set; the toy monkeyDaughter: certain toysFather: football shirtsCareful reading: Read the passage and choose true (T) or false (F).1. My daughter is 15 and my boy has already started junior high school.2. Our house really get smaller.3. My son was quite sad at first.4. My daughter felt happy to part with certain toys.5. I want to give up my football shirts.Keys: FFTFTStep 4 Work on 3b Read the article again and answer the questions.1. Why did they decide to have a yard sale?Because the fathers children get bigger and their house seems to get smaller.2. What do they want to do with the money from the sale?They want to give the money to a childrens home.3. Why does the son want to keep his train and railway set?Because he has owned it since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven.4. How can the old toys be useful again?They can be sold to the people who need them.5. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things? What would you do with the money you raise?Yes, I have. I would give it to the charityStep 5 Work on 2cStep 6 Language points 1. My daughter is 16 and my boy is already in junior high school.high school为“中学”，为了避免high school可能形成的误解，还用junior和senior两词来区分初、高中，将“初中”称作junior high或junior high school； “高中”称作senior high或senior high school。 Mark has been Lukes good friend since junior high school.打从初中开始，马克就成了卢克的好朋友。 He will start school tomorrow.他明天就要入学了。He finished school at the age of eighteen. 他十八岁从学校毕业。 2. We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms. clear v. 清理；清除 clear out 清理；丢掉 e.g. Ill clear out that closet for you. 我要替你把那个小衣橱清理出来。3. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.1)each在句中对we进行限定，表示“（两个或两个以上的人或物种）各自；每个”。2)句中we no longer use是由that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的名词five things。3)句中no longer的意思是“不再；不复”，有时可用not any longer或not anymore替换。 我们每人各有一辆公司的汽车。 We each have a company car.这是我看过的最好的小说。This is the best novel that I have read.他再也忍不住自己的眼泪。He could no longer hold back his tears.她不再年轻。She is no longer young. 3. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys.1) although和though同义，在一般情况下，可以互换使用。只是though较普遍，常用于非正式的口语或书面语中，而although则较为正式。另外although语气比though重，常用以强调让步概念。2) part with为一个短语动词，表示“不情愿地与分手，将之送给或卖给他人”。 虽然我的汽车很旧，但我不想买一辆新的。Though/Althoughmycarisveryold,Idontwanttobuyanewone. 虽然我告诉他不要做，但他仍然坚持要做。 HeinsistedondoingitalthoughItoldhimnotto. 旅行结束时他不情愿地和我们分手了。He parted with us at the end of the trip.4. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now.1) as for 意思是“至于；关于”。2) give up 指碰到某种困难或原因而自己主动放弃3) to be honest是英语口语中一个常用表达， 表示“说实话；老实说”。英语中类似的表达还有：to be frank，意思是“坦率地说”。至于旅馆呢，非常不舒服，而且离海边有好几里地。 As for the hotel, it was very uncomfortable and miles from the sea.你结婚后会不会辞去工作? When you get married, will you give up your job?说实话，他的演唱并不怎么吸引我。 To be honest, his singing didnt appeal to me much. Step 7 Exercises:Step 8 Homework:1. To preview the new words and expressions2. To preview the Grammar Focus.Period 3 Section A (Grammar focus 4c)学习目标： 知识目标掌握现在完成时的用法 能力目标 正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时 正确运用for 和since的用法 情感目标正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。 学习过程Step 1 Revision:1. How long have you had that bike over there? Ive had it for three years.2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? Hes owned it since his fourth birthday.3. Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played for a while now.Step 2 Group work:Youre having a yard sale. What would you do with the money you raise?Step 3 Grammar focus:现在完成时Step 4 Work on 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or sinceJim is in Japan. He arrived there three years ago.21*cnjy*comJim has been in Japan for three years.They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.21世纪*教育网They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.I have had a camera since 2009.I know Ann. I first met her three years ago.I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.Linda has been ill since Monday.Step 5 Work on 4b Fill in the blanks with correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1. I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.2-1-c-n-j-y2. They _ (never own) any pets, but they _ (always want) to have a dog.3. We _ (have) a piano since last November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.5. This museum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.Step 6 Group work4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.1. Do you have a(n) _? How long have you had it?2. Do you own a(n)_? How long have you owned it?ThingsHow longTonyfavorite book basketballfor two yearssince he was 10years oldStudent 1Student 2Step 7 Exercises:Step 8 Homework: Practice more exercises about since and for. Preview the next part.Period 4 Section B (1a-2d)学习目标：知识目标：掌握本课单词和短语search among crayon shame regard. as count century according to opposite especially memory consider hold 能力目标： 能从阅读中获得自己周围的事物变化的相关信息。情感目标： 珍惜自己周围事物的变化，感恩社会，汇报社会，关爱他人。 学习过程：Step 1 Warming upTalk about your hometown.A: Where is your hometown?B: .A: Do you like your hometown?B: .A: What are some of the special places in your hometown?B: .Step 2 Group work: work on 1aCheck () the places or things you can find in your town or city.21教育网Step 3 Listening: work on 1bListen and answer the questions 1. Does Martin like Jennys hometown?Yes, he does.2. Does Jenny still live in her hometown?No, she doesnt.3. What is behind the science museum?What do people do there on weekends?A big park. People go there to let their kids run around and climb the hillsStep 4 Listening: work on 1cListen again and fill in the chart about the places in Jennys hometown.21世纪教育网版权所有Place New or oldHow long has it been there?Town libraryOldfor hundreds of yearsScience museumNewsince last AugustRestaurant down the streetoldfor as long as Jenny can rememberStep 5 Group work: Work on 1d Talk about your town/city with a partner according to the conversation.A: My city is lovely.B: What are some of the special places there? A: Well, theres a concert hall there. Its been around for at least 20 years.Step 6 Work on 2a careful reading Answer the questions before you read. Then read the passage to find out your answers are the same as in the passage.1. Why do millions of Chinese leave the countryside every year?21cnjyTo search for work in cities2. How often do you think these people visit their hometowns?I think they visit their home towns once or twice a year3. What new buildings does the government usually build in towns and villages?Large hospitals and new schoolsStep 7 Work on 2b Find expressions in the passage that have the same meanings as these words and phrases.1. look for search for 5. go back return2. consider regard 6. changes developments3. across from opposite 7. area place4. in ones opinion according toStep 8 Work on 2c Complete the summary with words from the passage. You may need to change the forms of the words.Keys: hometown cities return year crayon interested government good will never memories Step 9 Work on 2d Group work Think of changes that happening in your town or city today. Which changes are generally good? Which changes could be seen as bad?Step 10 Language points1. Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countryside to search for work in the cities.Search用作不及物动词时，意为“搜索；搜查”。短语search for 意为“搜寻，找寻”。e.g. He is searching for his sunglasses. 他正在找他的太阳镜。【拓展】作及物动词，意为“在搜查”或“搜查”。e.g. They searched the forest for the lost child.他们在森林里寻找那个走失的小孩。2. Among these is Zhang Wei, a 46-year-old husband and fatheramong 在三者或三者以上之间。e.g. Tom sits among the students. 汤姆坐在学生之间。between 在两者之间 e.g. Tom sits between Mary and Frank. 汤姆坐在玛丽和弗兰克之间。a 46-year-old husband and father意为“一位46岁的丈夫和父亲”，相当于a husband and father of 46years old.21*cnjy*comfour-year-old 是一个复合形容词，特点“一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数形式。e.g. Tom is a 10-year-old boy.= Tom is a boy of 10 years old. 汤姆是一个10岁的男孩。Lily is an 8-year-old girl. 莉莉是一个8岁的女孩【拓展】另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是：数词+连字符+名词，或数词+名词的所有格。e.g. a two-month holiday=a two months holiday 一个为期两个月的假期。Ten-minute walk/drive/ride=ten minutes walk/drive/ride 步行/开车/骑车10分钟的路程3Its a shame, but I just dont have the time,shame 不可数名词，意为“羞耻；羞愧；惭愧” 与a连用，表示“可耻的人或事；可惜（遗憾）的事”。e.g. He felt no shame for what he had done. 他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。 Its a shame (that) you cant stay for dinner. 你不能留下来吃晚饭，真遗憾。【拓展】相关短语：to ones shame 令人感到羞愧的是 feel shame at 因而感到羞愧 in shame 羞愧的 have no shame无羞耻心4. Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have changed. regard 及物动词，意为“将认为；把视为”。常用短语regardas意为“将视为；把当做”，as 为介词，其后接名词或代词。e.g. I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当做我最好的朋友。 We regard him as our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。5. Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century.century可数名词，意为“世纪；百年”，其复数形式为centuries。e.g. The mid-20th century 意为“20世纪中期” eighteenth-century writer 18世纪的作家。A hundred years is a century. 一百年是一个世纪。6. According to Zhong Wei, however, some things will never change.according to 意为“依照，按照”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或从句e.g. He divided them into three groups according to age. 他把他们按年龄分成三组。7. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays.especially 副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”，在句中作状语，用于列举某个特例或某事物的特殊性。形容词为especial“特别的，特殊的”。e.g. Flowers are always welcomed, especially in winter. 鲜花总是受到欢迎，尤其是冬天。8. consider 动词，意为“考虑”，=think about，后跟名词，代词，动名词，宾语从句或“疑问词+不定式”。e.g. Please consider my suggestion. 请考虑我的建议。 I am considering changing my job.我正在考虑换份工作。 He has never considered how to solve the problem他从未考虑过如何解决那个问题。【拓展】在与动词连用时，只能用动名词形式的动词或短语有： consider “考虑” enjoy “喜爱” practice“练习” keep （on）“继续（一直）” mind “介意” finish“完成” have fun “高兴” feel like “想要” look forward to “盼望” cant help “禁不住” give up “放弃”歌诀：喜欢错过别介意，完成愉快勤练习，禁不住考虑想放弃9. in my opinion in ones opinion=in the opinion of sb. 意为“依看”。e.g. In my opinion, its best to make some cards for our teachers. 依我看，最好给我们的老师做些卡片。10. hold hold及物动词，意为“拥有；抓住”，过去式和过去分词均为helde.g. He holds a major share in the company. 他持有该公司的大部分股份。 He is holding a book in her hand. 她手里正拿着一本书。【拓展】hold用作及物动词，还可意为“举行；主持”，相当于havee.g. They will hold a meeting to discuss this problem tomorrow.Step 11 ExercisesStep 12 Homework Write three paragraphs about your favorite things. Use your notes in 3a to help you. In the first paragraph,