生态意识论文论伍尔夫在《达洛卫夫人》中的生态意识.doc

生态意识论文：论伍尔夫在达洛卫夫人中的生态意识【中文摘要】随着工业文明的发展和人类社会的进步,现代人在享受富足的物质生活与便捷的生活方式的同时,也遭受着由此引发的诸多问题。人与自然生态的矛盾日益突出,人们的精神生态严重失衡,整个西方社会被孤独、隔膜所笼罩。弗吉尼亚伍尔夫,英国最著名的现代主义作家之一,敏锐地意识到了这些问题,并将自己对生态的认识通过作品表述出来。在作品中,伍尔夫表现出中庸、平衡的生态思想,提倡建立和谐的生态关系。论文以其著名现代主义作品达洛卫夫人为例,从自然观、宇宙观、文明观、生死观四个方面系统分析伍尔夫的生态意识。第一章探讨伍尔夫的自然观。在达洛卫夫人一书中,伍尔夫对自然表现出了极大的关注,并将她对自然的看法寓于其中。在她看来,自然具有伟大可亲的一面,但同样也有凶狠可怖的一面。伍尔夫认为人应当对自然怀有感激和敬畏之情。人类不过是自然的一部分,大自然从不以人的意志为转移。然而,现代社会人对生态环境的破坏不断加剧,进而造成了人与自然关系的紧张。针对这种情况,伍尔夫在作品中提出了“天人合一”的理想状态,号召人们顺应自然规律,与自然和平共处。第二章关注伍尔夫的宇宙观。空间和时间是达洛卫夫人中的重要主题。对于宇宙的无限与永恒,伍尔夫有着清醒的认识；同时她也意识到了人类的有限与短暂。二者之间形成了鲜明的对比。小至人类个体大到人类历史,相较于宇宙而言都显得微不足道。伍尔夫致力于探寻人与宇宙的关系,彰显人之于宇宙的意义。在她看来,爱与博爱是人类在宇宙中留下的光辉印迹。伍尔夫在达洛卫夫人中传达出的宇宙观是其生态意识的重要组成部分。第三章谈论伍尔夫的文明观。工业革命以来,英国社会经历了经济高速发展的时期。然而,现代文明在给生态环境与人类生活带来福祉的同时,也对自然及人们的精神生态造成了一定的破坏。特别是一战以后,西方社会充斥着疏离感和虚无感,人们遭遇严重的精神生态危机。伍尔夫目睹了文明带来的福祉与破坏,认为在文明化进程中人们应对生态予以重视。在达洛卫夫人中,伍尔夫提出了上述问题的解决办法。她提倡在保护自然环境及关注精神生态的前提下发展现代文明,建立生态与文明的和谐关系。第四章分析伍尔夫的生死观。伍尔夫对有关生死的问题有着深刻的研究。伍尔夫本人及达洛卫夫人中的人物都真切感受到了生的美好与困顿。人们被各自的生存困境所折磨,犹如困兽。伍尔夫并不简单地将死亡视作生命的结束,而是赋予它不可替代的意义。她相信死亡是一种抗争与回归。伍尔夫认为生与死都是生态循环中的一环。通过死亡,人类再次与自然及万物融为一体。除此之外,死亡还能给生者以感悟及前行的动力。这篇论文在前人研究的基础上,分析了伍尔夫在达洛卫夫人中的生态意识。伍尔夫不断强调平衡的重要性,呼吁建立事物之间和谐的生态关系。和谐的精神贯穿于其生态思想的始终。这对于解决现代社会人们所面对的生态问题具有重要的启发意义。【英文摘要】With the development of industrial civilization and human society, modern people have enjoyed the affluent material life and the convenient lifestyle, but also have suffered from a series of problems. The conflicts between man and the natural ecology become increasingly conspicuous, and peoples spiritual ecology is seriously unbalanced. Moreover, the whole western society is shrouded by loneliness and isolation. Virginia Woolf, one of the most famous British modernist writers, sensitively realizes these problems, and conveys her understanding of ecology through her works. Woolf shows her moderate and balanced ecological thoughts in her works and advocates establishing a harmonious ecological relationship. Taking her famous modernist novel Mrs. Dalloway as an example, this thesis analyzes Woolfs ecological awareness systematically from the perspectives of her thoughts about nature, idea of the universe, outlook on civilization and view of life and death.The first chapter talks about Woolfs thoughts about nature. In Mrs. Dalloway, Woolf shows great concern about nature, and conveys her thoughts about nature in it. In her opinion, nature has the great and amiable side, but also has the cruel and horrible face. Woolf thinks that man should have the feeling of gratitude and awe to nature. Humans exist as part of nature in the world, and nature is independent of mans will. However, modern people cause severe damage to nature, which destroys the harmonious relationship between man and nature. Therefore, in the work Woolf proposes the ideal condition of the unity of nature and man. She calls on people to conform to the law of nature, and coexist with nature peacefully.The second chapter focuses on Woolfs idea of the universe. Space and time are important themes in Mrs. Dalloway. Woolf has a clear understanding of the infinity and eternity of the universe, and she also realizes the finity and transience of man. These two form a sharp contrast. Compared with the universe, even the whole human history seems to be meaningless, let alone an individual man. Woolf devotes herself to exploring the relationship between man and the universe, and revealing the meaning of man to the universe. As far as she is concerned, universal love is a glorious imprint that humans leave in the universe. Woolfs idea of the universe shown in Mrs. Dalloway is an important part of her ecological awareness.The third chapter discusses Woolfs outlook on civilization. Since the industrial revolution, the English society has experienced a period of economic booming. However, modern civilization not only brings benefit to ecological environment and peoples lives, but also causes damage to nature and peoples spiritual ecology. Especially after the War, the western society is flooded with the feeling of alienation and nothingness, and people suffer from a serious spiritual ecological crisis. Woolf witnesses the benefit and damage brought by civilization, and she believes people should pay attention to ecology in the process of civilization. In Mrs. Dalloway, Woolf provides solutions to problems above. She advocates that the development of modern civilization should be on the premise of protecting natural environment and caring about spiritual ecology, so as to establish the harmonious relationship of ecology and civilization.The last chapter analyzes Woolfs view of life and death. Woolf has a profound study on problems involving life and death. Both Woolf herself and the characters in Mrs. Dalloway deeply feel the beauty and hardships of life. People are tortured by different dilemmas, fighting like trapped beasts. Instead of simply treating death as the end of life, Woolf endows death with irreplaceable significance. She believes that death is a kind of revolt and return. Woolf thinks both life and death are links in the ecocycle. Through death, humans become a whole with nature and all living things again. Apart from this, death also gives inspiration and encouragement to others.Based on the studies of predecessors, this thesis explores Woolfs ecological awareness in Mrs. Dalloway. Woolf puts great emphasis on the importance of balance, and appeals to the public to establish a harmonious ecological relationship among things. The harmonious spirit runs through her ecological awareness, which is a great enlightenment for modern people to solve the ecological problems.【关键词】生态意识 自然 宇宙 文明 生死【英文关键词】ecological awareness nature universe civilization life and death【目录】论伍尔夫在达洛卫夫人中的生态意识Abstract6-8摘要9-11Introduction11-15Chapter One Thoughts about Nature15-281.1 The Greatness and Terror of Nature16-221.2 Conflicts between Man and Nature22-241