全新版大学英语第三册Unit 1 Changes in the way we live.ppt

Unit1Changesinthewaywelive Let swarmup Warm upQuestions 1 Areyousatisfiedwiththewayyouarelivingnow 3 Haveyoueverthoughtofchangingyourwayofliving Whyorwhynot 2 What syouridealwayofliving Unit1ChangesintheWayWeLive Mr DohertyBuildshisdreamlife AmericanFamilyLife TheChangingPicture TextA TextB MR DOHERTYBUILDSHISDREAMLIFE JimDoherty TherearetwothingsIhavealwayswantedtodo writeandliveonafarm TodayI mdoingboth IamnotinE B White sclassasawriterorinmyneighbors leagueasafarmer butI mgettingby Andafteryearsoffrustrationwithcityandsuburbanliving mywifeSandyandIhavefinallyfoundcontentmenthereinthecountry It saself reliantsortoflife Wegrownearlyallofourfruitsandvegetables Ourhenskeepusineggs withseveraldozenleftovertoselleachweek Ourbeesprovideuswithhoney andwecutenoughwoodtojustaboutmakeitthroughtheheatingseason It sasatisfyinglifetoo Inthesummerwecanoeontheriver gopicnickinginthewoodsandtakelongbicyclerides Inthewinterweskiandskate Wegetexcitedaboutsunsets Welovethesmelloftheearthwarmingandthesoundofcattlelowing Wewatchforhawksintheskyanddeerinthecornfields Butthegoodlifecangetprettytough Threemonthsagowhenitwas30below wespenttwomiserabledayshaulingfirewooduptheriveronasled Threemonthsfromnow itwillbe95aboveandwewillbecultivatingcorn weedingstrawberriesandkillingchickens Recently SandyandIhadtoretilethebackroof SoonJim 16andEmily 13 theyoungestofourfourchildren willhelpmemakesomelong overdueimprovementsontheoutdoortoiletthatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside Laterthismonth we llspraytheorchard paintthebarn plantthegardenandcleanthehenhousebeforethenewchicksarrive Laterthism Inbetweensuchchores Imanagetospend50to60hoursaweekatthetypewriterordoingreportingforthefreelancearticlesIselltomagazinesandnewspapers Sandy meanwhile pursuesherowndemandingschedule Besidestheusualhouseholdroutine sheoverseesthegardenandbeehives bakesbread cansandfreezes drivesthekidstotheirmusiclessons practiceswiththem takesorganlessonsonherown doesresearchandtypingforme writesanarticleherselfnowandthen tendstheflowerbeds stacksalittlewoodanddeliverstheeggs Thereis astheoldsayinggoes norestforthewickedonaplacelikethis andnotmuchforthevirtuouseither Noneofuswilleverforgetourfirstwinter WewereburiedunderfivefeetofsnowfromDecemberthroughMarch Whileonestormafteranotherblastedhugedriftsupagainstthehouseandbarn wekeptwarminsideburningourownwood eatingourownapplesandlovingeveryminuteofit Whenspringcame itbroughttwofloods Firsttheriveroverflowed coveringmuchofourlandforweeks Thenthegrowingseasonbegan swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce Ourfreezerfilledupwithcherries raspberries strawberries asparagus peas beansandcorn Thenourcanned goodsshelvesandcupboardsbegantogrowwithpreserves tomatojuice grapejuice plums jamsandjellies Eventually thebasementfloordisappearedunderpilesofpotatoes squashandpumpkins andthebarnbegantofillwithapplesandpears Itwasamazing Thenextyearwegrewevenmorefoodandmanagedtogetthroughthewinteronfirewoodthatwasmostlyfromourowntreesandonly100gallonsofheatingoil AtthatpointIbeganthinkingseriouslyaboutquittingmyjobandstartingtofreelance Thetimingwasterrible Bythen ShawnandAmy ouroldestgirlswereattendingexpensiveIvyLeagueschoolsandwehadonlyafewthousanddollarsinthebank Yetwekeptcomingbacktothesamequestion Willthereeverbeabettertime Theanswer decidedly wasno andso withmyemployer sblessingsandhalfayear spayinaccumulatedbenefitsinmypocket offIwent Therehavebeenafewanxiousmomentssincethen butonbalancethingshavegonemuchbetterthanwehadanyrighttoexpect Forvariousstoriesofmine I vecrawledintoblack beardensforSportsIllustrated hitchedupdogsledracingteamsforSmithsonianmagazine checkedouttheLakeChamplain monster forScienceDigest andcanoedthroughtheBoundaryWaterswildernessareaofMinnesotaforDestinations I mnotmakinganywherenearasmuchmoneyasIdidwhenIwasemployedfulltime butnowwedon tneedasmucheither Igenerateenoughincometohandleour 600 a monthmortgagepaymentsplustheusualexpensesforafamilylikeours Thatincludeseverythingfrommusiclessonsanddentalbillstocarrepairsandcollegecosts Whenitcomestoinsurance wehaveapoorman smajor medicalpolicy Wehavetopaythefirst 500ofanymedicalfeesforeachmemberofthefamily Itpicksup80 ofthecostsbeyondthat Althoughwearestuckwithpayingminorexpenses ourpremiumislow only 560ayear andwearecoveredagainstcatastrophe Asidefromthatandthepolicyonourtwocarsat 400ayear wehavenootherinsurance Butwearesettingaside 2 000ayearinanIRA We vebeenabletomakeupthedifferenceinincomebycuttingbackwithoutappreciablyloweringourstandardofliving Wecontinuetodineoutonceortwiceamonth butnowwepatronizelocalrestaurantsinsteadofmoreexpensiveplacesinthecity WestillattendtheoperaandballetinMilwaukeebutonlyafewtimesayear Weeatlessmeat drinkcheaperwineandseefewermovies ExtravagantChristmasesareamemory andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments Isuspectnoteveryonewholovesthecountrywouldbehappylivingthewaywedo Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities Oneisatoleranceforsolitude Becausewearesobusyandonsuchatightbudget wedon tentertainmuch Duringthegrowingseasonthereisnotimeforsocializinganyway JimandEmilyareinvolvedinschoolactivities buttheytoospendmostoftheirtimeathome Theotherrequirementisenergy alotofit Thewaytomakeself sufficiencyworkonasmallscaleistoresistthetemptationtobuyatractorandotherexpensivelaborsavingdevices Instead youdotheworkyourself Theonlymachineryweown notcountingthelawnmower isalittlethree horsepowerrotarycultivatoranda16 inchchainsaw Howmuchlongerwe llhaveenoughenergytostayonhereisanybody sguess perhapsforquiteawhile perhapsnot Whenthetimecomes we llleavewithafeelingofsorrowbutalsowithasenseofprideatwhatwe vebeenabletoaccomplish Weshouldmakeafairprofitonthesaleoftheplace too We veinvestedabout 35 000ofourownmoneyinit andwecouldjustaboutdoublethatifwesoldtoday Butthisisnotagoodtimetosell Onceeconomicconditionsimprove however demandforfarmslikeoursshouldbestrongagain Wedidn tmovehereprimarilytoearnmoneythough Wecamebecausewewantedtoimprovethequalityofourlives WhenIwatchEmilycollectingeggsintheevening fishingwithJimontheriverorenjoyinganold fashionedpicnicintheorchardwiththeentirefamily Iknowwe vefoundjustwhatwewerelookingfor IamnotinE B White sclassasawriterorinmyneighbors leagueasafarmer I mnotsofineawriterasE B Whiteorsogoodafarmerasmyneigbours andwecutenoughwoodtojustaboutmakeitthroughtheheatingseason Tellthemeaningofthephrase makeit andparaphrasethispartofthesentence Thephrase makeit means succeed Themeaningofthispartis Withthewoodwecut thefamilycansucceedingettingthroughthecoldwinter SoonJim 16andEmily 13 theyoungestofourfourchildren willhelpmemakesomelong overdueimprovementsontheoutdoortoiletthatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside Analyzethestructureofthesentence Thestructureofthissentenceiscomplicated 1 Theyoungestofourfourchildren isinappositionto Emily 13 2 thatsupplementsourindoorplumbingwhenweareworkingoutside isanattributiveclausemodifying theoutdoortoilet TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 过些时候 16岁的吉米和四个孩子中最小的13岁的埃米莉 会帮着我一起把拖了很久没修的室外厕所修葺一下 我们在室外干活时 这个厕所便成了室内卫生设备的补充 Thereis astheoldsayinggoes norestforthewickedonaplacelikethis andnotmuchforthevirtuouseither Telltheclasstheoriginofthesaying Thereisnorestforthewicked ThesayingcomesfromtheBible Isiah57 21 nopeace saithmygod tothewicked Itisusedinajocularmanner meaning there snotimeforrelaxation someoneiskeptbusyallthetime TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 正如老话说的那样 在这种情形之下 坏人闲不着 好人也歇不了 Whileonestormafteranotherblastedhugedriftsupagainstthehouseandbarn TranslatethispartofthesentenceintoChinese 暴风雪肆虐 一场接着一场 厚厚的积雪覆盖着屋子和谷仓 Whenspringcame itbroughttwofloods Readthisparagraphandtellwhat twofloods refertohere Thefirstfloodreferstotheoverflowoftherivercoveringtheirlandwhiletheotherreferstoagriculturalproduce Thenthegrowingseasonbegan swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce What sthefunctionofthephrase swampingusunderwaveafterwaveofproduce Thisv ingformisoneofthenon finiteverbs 非谓语动词 Itservesasanadverbialinthesentenceanditindicatesanotheractionbythesubjectofthesentence Paraphrasethesentence Thenthegrowingseasoncameanditbroughtusalotofagriculturalproducts Whatattitudeoftheauthorcanweinferfromthissentencetowardshiscountrylife Wecanseethathewasverysatisfiedwithitandenjoyedtheharvest Itwasamazing Whatcanweinferfromthesentence Thebigharvestwasbeyondexpectation Hewasfilledwithjoybecauseofthebigharvest Thetimingwasterrible What sthemeaningofthissentenceinChinese 时机选得实在太差 Whydoestheauthorthinkso 1 Hehadtopaytheexpensivetuitionforhistwogirls 2 Hehadonlyafewthousanddollarsinthebank Theanswer decidedly wasno andso withmyemployer sblessingsandhalfayear spayinaccumulatedbenefitsinmypocket offIwent Whydidtheauthordecidetoquithisjobeventhoughitwasaterribletiming Whatcouldbethereasonsfortheauthor sdecisiontoleavethecity Thoughitwasaterribletiming theauthorwasclearthattherewouldbeno good timingatall Possiblereasonsforhisdecisionareasfollows A Hedidn tthinkhisjobwasgood B Helongedforrisksandchangesinhislife C Hewasattractedbythegoodharvesthisfamilyhadgottheyearbefore D Hewasfascinatedbythehectic self reliantandcolorfullifeinthecountryside Itpicksup80 ofthecostsbeyondthat Whatdoestheword that inthesentencereferto Itrefersto thefirst 500thefamilypays Supposethemedicalfeeis 1 000 thefamilyhastopay 500whiletheinsurancecompanywillpay 400 andwearecoveredagainstcatastrophe TranslatethispartintoChinese 而且我们给自己投了巨灾险 ExtravagantChristmasesareamemory andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments Whatcanweinferfromthispartofthesentence WecaninferthatthefamilyusedtospendmuchmoremoneyonChristmases DR word getby getby begoodenoughbutnotverygood managetoliveordothingsinasatisfactoryway Yourworkwillgetby buttrytoimproveit Sheneverworksbutsomehowshegetsby 我父母靠很少的钱将就着把日子过了下去 Myparentsmanagedtogetbyonasmallamountofmoney Rescueworkershauledpassengersoutofthecrashedtrain DR word haul1 haul vt 1 transport aswithatruck cart etc Thefarmershaulvegetablestothemarketonatruckeverymorning 2 pullordragsth witheffortorforce Shehauledalargeboxintoherroom 救援队把药品和食物运到被淹的村庄 Therescueteamhauledmedicalsuppliesandfoodtothefloodedvillages DR word haul2 这几个词都是动词 都有 拖 拉 拽 之意 haul drag pull CF Lorrieshaulheavygoodsfromfactoriestoports 大卡车把沉重的货物从工厂运到港口 haul指缓慢而费力地拖一极重之物 有时可表示很困难地拽 例如 drag指施力者在地面或表面上缓慢而沉重地把东西拖过一段距离 该词通常使人想到主动或被动的阻力 例如 Youmightdragaheavyboxacrossthegroundifyoucouldn tliftit 如果你提不动一个重箱子 你可以在地上拖着它走 DR word haul3 pull为最普通用词 可指朝各个方向拉 并不强调用力大小 该词后面可添加副词或副词词组具体描述拖拉动作的用力大小或方向等 例如 Theypulledhardbuttherockremainedstock still 他们使劲地拉 可那石头仍纹丝不动 Shehasbeenillandmusthavesupplementstoherordinaryfood DR word supplement supplement 1 vt addtosth inordertoimproveit followedbywith Petersupplementshisordinaryincomebywritingbooks 医生建议在我的饮食中补充维生素E和A ThedoctorsuggestedsupplementingmydietwithvitaminsEandA 2 n anadditionalamountofsth DoyoureadthecolorsupplementsoftheSundaynewspapers 你读周日报纸的彩色增刊吗 DR word spray spray vt forceoutliquidinsmalldropsupon followedbywith 喷雾 喷射 Ihavetosprayedsomeinsectcideontheflowers 汽车开过 溅了我一身水 Acarwentpastandsprayedmewithwater 喷头sprayhead防狼喷雾pepperspray DR word pursue pursue vt 1 bebusywith continue steadily with从事 追求 AftergraduationMartinchosetopursuethesamecareerashisfatherasadoctor 2 followesp inordertocatch kill ordefeat追踪 Thepolicearepursuinganescapedprisoner Heispursuinghisstudiesattheuniversity DR word wicked wicked adj evilorbad Weareallborngood butcanbetaughttobewicked 他真邪恶 Thatwaswickedofhim Ihavesuchawickedtoothache DR word getthrough getthrough comesuccessfullytotheend 当地政府已采取一些措施以确保所有人顺利过冬 Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoensurethatallthepeoplewillgetthroughthewinter Shegotthroughtheentranceexaminationandwasacceptedbythecollege DR word atthatpoint atthatpoint atthatverymoment rightthen Thetrainwasnowonlyacoupleofyardsfromthekidsonthetrack Atthatpoint Andythrewhimselfforwardandpulledthemclear Themansuddenlyheldupaposter Atthatpoint allTVcameraswerepointedathim DR word onbalance onbalance withallthingsconsidered Onbalance it sprobablynotadvisabletochangethecompany sname 我想 总的来说我更喜欢新的操作系统 Ithink onbalance Ipreferthenewoperatingsystem NB balance的反义词是imbalance 此外 与balance有关的其他搭配有 keepone sbalance保持平衡loseone sbalance失去平衡strikeabalance力求折中inthebalance不确定 成败或安危未定 DR word illustrate illustrate vt providewithvisualfeatures clarifybyuseofexamples etc 图解 举例说明 Letmeuseanotherexampletoillustratethisdifficultpoint 这三个词都是动词 都有 举例说明 之意 illustrate exemplify demonstrate CF Thewaythatapumpworksisusedtoillustratehowtheheartsendsbloodaroundthebody 水泵的工作原理可用来解释心脏是如何将血液送至全身各处的 illustrate表示不仅使用具体事例而且有时使用图画 目的是使说明生动 逼真或有效 从而真实地说明某一观点 例如 DR word exemplify exemplify可用于举例说明某一笼统 抽象的陈述 也可用于举出某事物的典型或范例 例如 Knightsexemplifiedcourageandcourtesy 武士们是勇敢与礼貌的榜样 Galileodemonstratedthatobjectsofdifferentweightsfallatthesamespeed 伽俐略证实了重量不同的物体以同样的速度下落 demonstrate表示用充足且可靠的证据证实某一学术观点或结论 也可用于说明人或事 例如 DR word digest digest Reader sDigestisapopularmagazineintheUS 1 n ashortaccountofwrittenmaterialsordata文摘 Iheardherspeech butIhaven tdigestedityet 玛丽吃肥肉不消化 Marycan tdigestfat 2 v Hewassobusythatheonlyreadaconcisedigestoftheirproject 1 changesth intoaformthatthebodycanuse消化 吸收新思想往往需要很长时间 Itoftentakeslongtimetodigestnewideas 2 thinkaboutsth carefullyandunderstandit DR word generate generate vt bringintoexistence produce 煤燃烧时 产生热量 Whencoalburns itgeneratesheat Theteacher sremarkgeneratedloudlaughter Hiskindsmilesoongeneratedfriendness DR word insurance1 insurance n guaranteeofcompensationforloss damage sickness death etc inreturnforregularpayment Doesyourinsurancecoverdamagebyflooding Ourfirmcarriesfireinsurance DR word insurance2 Collocation 意外保险 accidentinsurance 医疗保险 medicalinsurance 私人健康保险 privatehealthinsurance 伤残保险 disabilityinsurance 社会保险 socialinsurance 失业保险 unemploymentinsurance 终身人寿保险 wholelifeinsurance DR word pickup pickup WheredidyoupickupyourexcellentEnglish 6 collectsomeoneorsomethingfromaplace Pleasepickupallyourtoyswhenyou vefinishedplaying Ifhelosesthecase Michaelwillhavetopickupthebillforlegalcosts I llpickyouupatyourhotel Shepickedupastoneandthrewitatthewindow Maryhasbeenill butshe spickingupnow 1 bereadytopay 4 takeholdofandliftup 3 gain get 2 improve 5 gathertogether collect Matchthefollowingsentenceswithappropriatedefinitionsabove 3 5 1 6 4 2 DR word premium premium n asumofmoneypaidregularlytoaninsurancecompanytoprotectsb againstsomeriskoflossordamage Theemployersmaketheemployeespayforalargeportionoftheirhealthinsurancepremium 他抱怨说 今年汽车保险费增加得太多 Heiscomplainingthatcarinsurancepremiumshaveincreasedtoomuchthisyear DR word asidefrom asidefrom exceptfor inadditionto moreusualinAmericanEnglish sameasapartfrom Asidefromanoccasionalgameoftennis hedoesn ttakeanyexercise 万籁俱寂 只有从远处偶尔传来汽车喇叭声 Everythingwasquiet asidefromtheoccasionalsoundofacarhorninthedistance Thiscompositionisgoodasidefromacoupleofspellingmistakes DR word cutback cutback reduceinsizeoramount Thegovernmenthascutbackondefensespending 我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划 Weopposeanyplanstocutback on educationbudget Pattern cutbacksth cutbackonsth DR word dineout dineout eatamealawayfromhome usu inarestaurant I mgoingtodineoutwithPetertonight Withtheimprovementoflivingstandards moreandmorepeopledineoutatweekends DR word suspect1 suspect 1 v Istronglysuspectthatthey retryingtogetridofme Thepolicesuspecthimofmurder Pattern suspectthat 1 believetobetrue likelyorprobable 2 believetobeguilty Pattern suspectsb sth ofsth DR word suspect2 Thepolicehavearrestedtwosuspectsinconnectionwiththebankrobbery 2 n apersonwhoissuspectedofguilt esp inacrime Thatisarathersuspectanswer Idon tbelieveit 3 adj ofuncertaintruth quality etc DR word suspect3 这几个词都可用作动词 都有 主观想像 之意 suspect assume presume CF Wesuspectedthathewaslost evenbeforeweweretold 别人告诉我们之前 我们就怀疑他失踪了 Heissuspectedofmurderingthatoldlady 他被怀疑杀了那位老妇人 suspect意思是 猜想 觉得会 有点感觉到 表示有 某事物 存在的想法 另外 该词有 怀疑 怀疑某人有 罪 之意 例如 DR word suspect4 assume意思是 假定 设想 指把一件尚未证实的事作为事实或真理 例如 Heassumedthatthetrainwouldbeontime 他假定火车会准时到达 presume也有 假定 设想 的意思 但它指根据过去的经验或某些现实的感觉认为某事属实 虽然还没有确凿的证据 例如 Thecourtpresumedthedeathofthemanwhodisappearedduringthewar 法庭假定那个在战争中失踪的人已死亡 DR word budget1 budget n aplanofhowtoarrangeprivateorpublicincomeorspending Adamlimitshimselftoadailybudgetof 10 最后 政府平衡预算的努力以失败告终 Atlast thegovernment seffortstobalancethebudgetendedinfailure DR word budget2 Collocation 制定预算 drawupabudget 提交一项预算报告 submitabudget 平衡预算 balanceabudget 超出预算 exceedabudget 减少预算 cut reduceabudget 联邦 家庭收支 市政 国家预算 afederal household municipal nationalbudget DR word scale scale n arelativelevelordegree usu usedinthephraseona scale Wetestedournewteachingmethodsonasmallscale Indeedonlysixclasseswereinvolvedinit 这项工程规模浩大地展开了 Theprojectwasundertakenonagrandscale DR word temptation temptation n thefeelingofbeingtemptedtodosth wrongorharmful thethingyouwanttohave Thekidscan tresistthetemptationofMcDonald s Hecouldn tresistthetemptationtostealthejewel DR word temptation1 Collocation 克服诱惑 overcometemptation 抵制诱惑 resisttemptation 受到诱惑 beexposedtotemptation 面临诱惑 facetemptation 向诱惑屈服 succumbtotemptation 让某人受诱惑 place puttemptationinsb sway DR word device1 device n apieceofequipmentdesignedtoserveaspecialpurpose Therecordingdevicewasactivated 她发明了一种能在下雨时自动关闭窗户的装置 Sheinventedadevicethatautomaticallycloseswindowswhenitrains device instrument implement这几个词都可用作名词 都有 用具 器具 之意 CF DR word device2 Ihavefittedadevicetomycarwhichopensthegaragedoorsautomatically 我车上装了一个能自动开启车库门的装置 instrument表示 器械 仪器 发动机或航海 航空等的 测量仪器 仪表 表示为技术工作设计的工具 着重于工具的精密与复杂 例如 Allsurgicalinstrumentsmustbesterilizedbeforeuse 所有外科手术器械使用前都必须消毒 device表示 为某种用途而制作或改装的 装置 器具 例如 DR word implement implement指 工具 器具 常指用于户外如园艺或农用的工具 例如 Man searliestimplementswerecarvedfromstoneandbone 人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头凿刻而成 DR word profit1 profit n 1 moneygainedbybusiness Hemakesabigprofitfromsellingwastematerialtotextilecompanies 他以获利价出售了他的房子 Hesoldhishouseataprofit 2 advantagegainedfromsomeaction Finishingcollegewillbeyourprofit Ihavereadthisbookwithprofit DR word profit2 Collocation 获得利润 clear earn make turnaprofit 分红利 divideprofits 净利 aclear netprofit 毛利 总利润 agrossprofit 薄利 poorprofits 薄利多销 smallprofitsandquickreturns 获利地 有利可图地 ataprofit DR word profit3 这几个词都可用作名词 均有 利益 好处 之意 profit interest advantage CF Thecompanyhastargetedaquitehighprofit