全新版大学英语 第二版 综合教程1 Unit3 电子教案 PPT 第2版 综合教程一.ppt

BR main Warm upExercises BackgroundInformation BR Warm upExercises list Warm upExercises JourneyonthePaper Brainstorming Clone BR Clone list Clone News Discussion AdsDesigning BR BackgroundInformation list BackgroundInformation StephenHawking AlbertEinstein Frankenstein BR Stephen list StephenHawking BriefIntroductiontoStephenHawking ChronologyofStephenHawking MainAchievementsofStephenHawking BR AlbertEinstein list AlbertEinstein 1879 1955 MonologueofEinstein AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity AlbertEinstein sGeneralTheoryofRelativity BR Frankenstein list Frankenstein AGeneralIntroduction AClipintheNovel Frankenstein BR JourneyonthePaper1 Nowlet sgoonajourneythroughthemostspectacular100yearsinthehistoryofscienceandtechnologytohaveanoverviewofhowourunderstandingoftheworldhasgrownfrom1900totoday JourneyonthePaper BR JourneyonthePaper2 MATTERSOFLIFEANDDEATH MedicineandHealth 1900 Patientsbattleillness whiledoctorscandolittlemorethancounsel 劝告 andcomfortthemandkeepthemclean Today Doctorstreatandoftencurepatientswithavastarray 一大批 ofmedicinesandmedicaltechnologies butsomediseasesarestillincurable BR JourneyonthePaper3 MYSTERIESOFTHEUNIVERSE PhysicsandAstronomy 1900 TheMilkyWaygalaxy 星系 includingsomeunexplainednebularclouds 星云 istheknownuniverse Newton slawsexplainthephysicalworld Matteriscomposedofatoms BR JourneyonthePaper4 Today TheMilkyWayisjustonegalaxyamongcountlessmillionswehaveobservedintheuniverse Thereisnosetoflawsthatexplainsallphenomenainthephysicalworld althoughtherearemanytheories Atomsarecomposedofmanysubatomicparticles allofwhichderivefrom 来自于 energy MYSTERIESOFTHEUNIVERSE PhysicsandAstronomy Today Mentalillnesscanbetreatedwitharangeoftherapies 治疗 andmedications Weknowagreatdealaboutthechemistryandthepartsofthebrainthatcontrolourbehaviorandthoughts BR JourneyonthePaper5 RESEARCHINTOOURSELVES HumanBehavior 1900 Thereisnocureforthementallyill whoareconfinedtoinsaneasylums 精神病院 Mind and body arethoughtofastwoseparatethings BR JourneyonthePaper6 FASTER CLOSER BETTER Technology 1900 TheonlywaytoviewtheOlympicGamesinParisisinperson NewsabouttheGamestravelstoAmericavia 通过 telegraphandisprintedinnewspapers Today Millionsworldwidewatchthe2008BeijingOlympicsontelevision transmittedinstantaneously 瞬间地 bysatellite Thenewsspreadsaswellbyradio newspaper andtheWorldWideWeb BR JourneyonthePaper7 ORIGINS EarthandLifeScience 1900 Thereisnogoodexplanationforcatastrophiceventssuchasearthquakes TheEarthisthoughttobeamere50millionyearsold andtheevolutionofspeciesishotlydebated BR JourneyonthePaper8 Today Theplates 板块 thatmakeuptheEarth scrust 地壳 moveovertime causingearthquakesandvolcanoes TheEarthisknowntobe4 500millionyearsold ThegeneticcodeofDNA whichdrivesevolution isbetterunderstoodeveryday ORIGINS EarthandLifeScience BR Brainstorming Brainstormsomeofthescientificandtechnologicalinventions geneticengineering cellphone e mail clone nuclearweapons laptop 笔记本电脑 nanotechnology 纳米技术 BR Discussion Discussion Doalltheseinventionsalwayschangeourlivesforthebetter Giveexamplestoexplainyouropinion BR news News News1InFeb 1997 News2InApr 1998 News3InFeb 2003 BR news script1 InFebruary1997agroupofgeneticists 遗传学家 ledbyIanWilmutattheRoslinInstituteinEdinburgh Scotland announcedthattheyhadclonedasheepfromthemammaryglandtissue 乳腺组织 ofasix year oldewe 母羊 thefirsttimescientistshavebeenabletocloneanadultmammal 哺乳动物 BR news script2 Dolly thefirst evermammaltobesuccessfullyclonedfromanadultcell withherfirstlamb namedBonnie isseenattheRoslinInstituteinEdinburgh ScotlandinthisimageonApril23 1998 Dolly whowasnaturallymatedattheendoflastyearwithaWelshMountainram 公羊 gavebirthtoBonnieonApril13 provingthatdespiteherunusualorigins sheisabletobreednormallyandproducehealthyoffspring BR news script3 Dolly thesheep thefirstmammaltobesuccessfullyclonedfromanadultcell hasbeenputdownaftershewasfoundtohavealungdisease theRoslinInstituteinScotland scapital EdinburghsaidonFeb17 2003 Shewassufferingfromanincurabledisease saidDr HarryGriffin afterRoslinreleasedastatementsayingthedecisionhadbeentakentoputDollydownaftershecontracted 感染 progressivelungdisease BR Discussion Discussion Whatisyourattitudetowardsclone Cloneisamemberofagroupoforganismsorplantsproducednon sexuallyfromoneancestor Thesuggestedethicalandpracticalargumentsbothforandagainstcloning For Against BR Discussion for 1 Technologyisnotwelldeveloped Ithasalowfertilityrate 出生率 IncloningDolly 277eggswereused 30startedtodivide nineinducedpregnancy andonlyonesurvivedtoterm 临产 2 Clonesmaybetreatedassecond classcitizensandtheunknownpsychosocialharmwithimpactsonthefamilyandsociety 3 Lossofgeneticvariation BR Discussion Against 1 Animalsfromendangeredspeciescouldbeclonedtopreventextinction 2 Cloningwouldbeagoodsourcefororganandbonemarrow 骨髓 transplants 3 Sterile 不育的 coupleswillbeabletohaveoffspringwhowillhaveeitherthemother sorfather sgeneticpattern AdsDesigning Useattention grabbingimagesandsnappy 简洁 yetinformativelanguageinyourads Youmightfindmodelsofsuchimagesandlanguageinotherpublicserviceadvertisements suchas Afewgoodexamplescanbefoundatwww tobaccofreekids organdwww badvertising org Decideforyourselfwhichsideoftheissuetosupportandthenplanapublicserviceadvertisementcampaignfororagainstcloning 1 2 theones thatdiscouragepeoplefromsmoking BR AdsDesigning BR AdsDesigning picture1 smoking BR BriefIntroductiontoStephenHawking BriefIntroductiontoStephenHawking StephenHawking 1942 Britishtheoreticalphysicistandmathematician BR ChronologyofStephenHawking1 ChronologyofStephenHawking 194219581962 BorninOxford England Enteredandbecameespeciallyinterestedinthermodynamics 热力学 relativitytheory andquantummechanics 量子力学 Receivedabachelor sdegreeinphysicsandthenenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityatthe OxfordUniversity UniversityofCambridge BR ChronologyofStephenHawking2 1966 EarnedhisPh D degreeattheUniversityofCambridge StayedattheUniversityofCambridgetodopost doctoralresearch DiagnosedashavingAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis ALS 肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化 Iamquiteoftenasked HowdoyoufeelabouthavingALS Theansweris notalot Itrytoleadasnormalalifeaspossible andnotthinkaboutmycondition orregretthethingsitpreventsmefromdoing whicharenotthatmany BR ChronologyofStephenHawking3 19771979 Becameaprofessorofphysics AppointedLucasianProfessorofMathematicsatCambridge apostonceheldbyIsaacNewton ThisisapictureofStephenHawking IsaacNewton and AlbertEinstein BR ChronologyofStephenHawking4 198819931996 PublishedhisfamousbookABriefHistoryofTime FromtheBigBangtoBlackHoles WroteBlackHolesandBabyUniversesandOtherEssays Co authoredabookwithSirRogerPenrosetitledTheNatureofSpaceandTime BR OxfordUniversity picture OxfordUniversity ChronologyofStephenHawking BR UniversityofCambridge picture UniversityofCambridge ChronologyofStephenHawking BR MainAchievementsofStephenHawking1 MainAchievementsofStephenHawking singularity Apointinspace timeatwhichthespace timecurvature 曲率 becomesinfinite misusev 误用 错用turnout结果是mannern 方式 风格 entropyn 熵 热力学概念 fatala 重大的 致命的motivatev 激发irritationn 愤怒 BR MainAchievementsofStephenHawking2 blackhole Aregionofspace timefromwhichnothing notevenlight canescape Nothingcanescapebecausegravityissostrong Withthehelpofthefollowingwordsandexpressions listentoarecordingofmoreinformationonblackhole objectn 物体emitv 放射 吐露theeventhorizon事件视界 即黑洞的边界 BR MainAchievementsofStephenHawking3 ABriefHistoryofTime Oneofhisbookstomakehisworkaccessibletothepublic BR MainAchievementsofStephenHawking4 MedalofFreedom Bytheirverydefinition blackholesareobjectswhicharenotsupposedtoemitanything Itthereforeseemedthattheareaoftheeventhorizonofablackholecouldnotberegardedasitsentropy Infactin1972 IwroteapaperonthissubjectwithBrandonCarterandanAmericancolleagueJimBardeen Wepointedoutthat althoughthereweremanysimilaritiesbetweenentropyandtheareaoftheeventhorizon therewasthisapparentlyfataldifficulty ImustadmitthatinwritingthispaperIwasmotivatedpartlybyirritationwithBeckenstein becauseIfelthehadmisusedmydiscoveryoftheincreaseoftheareaoftheeventhorizon However itturnedoutintheendthathewasbasicallycorrect thoughinamannerhehadcertainlynotexpected BR blackhole script BR MedalofFreedom script Persistentinhispursuitofknowledge StephenHawkinghasunlockednewpathwaysofdiscoveryandinspiredpeoplearoundtheworld Hehasdedicatedhislifetoexploringthefundamentallawsthatgoverntheuniverse andhehascontributedtosomeofthegreatestscientificdiscoveriesofourtime Hisworkhasstirredtheimaginationofexpertsandlaypersonsalike Livingwithadisabilityandpossessinganuncommoneaseofspirit StephenHawking sattitudeandachievementsinspirehope intellectualcuriosity andrespectforthetremendouspowerofscience BR MonologueofEinstein1 MonologueofEinstein AlbertEinstein 1879 1955 BR MonologueofEinstein2 IwasborninUlm Germanyin1879 Asyoumayknow 1905wasabigyearforme That swhenIturnedtheworldupsidedown atleastforscientists withseveralnewideas Iproposedthatspaceandtimehadtobelookedatinawholenewway thatNewton sviewofspaceandtimewasinaccurate TheseideasbecameknownasthespecialtheoryofrelativityandintroducedtheequationE mc2 TenyearslaterIpresentedthegeneraltheoryofrelativity Thegeneraltheoryshowedthatgravityisnotaforce asNewtonhadthought Itisinsteadacurvature 曲率 ofthespace timecontinuum BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity1 AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity 1 WhichofthefollowingdoesnotchangeaccordingtoEinstein A Time B Mass C Speedoflight D Length Listentotherecordingandchoosethebestanswer AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity 1 WhichofthefollowingdoesnotchangeaccordingtoEinstein BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity1A A A Time B Mass C Speedoflight D Length BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity1B AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity 1 WhichofthefollowingdoesnotchangeaccordingtoEinstein B A Time B Mass C Speedoflight D Length BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity1C AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity 1 WhichofthefollowingdoesnotchangeaccordingtoEinstein C A Time B Mass C Speedoflight D Length BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity1D 1 WhichofthefollowingdoesnotchangeaccordingtoEinstein D A Time B Mass C Speedoflight D Length AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity2 2 Thetwospaceshipsmentionedareexactlyalikeexceptfor A speed B color C mass D motion BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity2A 2 Thetwospaceshipsmentionedareexactlyalikeexceptfor A speed B color C mass D motion A BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity2B 2 Thetwospaceshipsmentionedareexactlyalikeexceptfor A speed B color C mass D motion B BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity2C 2 Thetwospaceshipsmentionedareexactlyalikeexceptfor A speed B color C mass D motion C BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity2D 2 Thetwospaceshipsmentionedareexactlyalikeexceptfor A speed B color C mass D motion D BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity3 3 Whatdoesthescientistinthespaceshipmeasure A Thespeedofthespaceship B Thetimeneededforabeamoflight stravelinthespaceship C Thespeedoftheotherspaceship D Thetimeneededforabeamoflight stravelintheotherspaceship BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity3A 3 Whatdoesthescientistinthespaceshipmeasure A Thespeedofthespaceship B Thetimeneededforabeamoflight stravelinthespaceship C Thespeedoftheotherspaceship D Thetimeneededforabeamoflight stravelintheotherspaceship A BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity3B 3 Whatdoesthescientistinthespaceshipmeasure A Thespeedofthespaceship B Thetimeneededforabeamoflight stravelinthespaceship C Thespeedoftheotherspaceship D Thetimeneededforabeamoflight stravelintheotherspaceship B BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity3C 3 Whatdoesthescientistinthespaceshipmeasure A Thespeedofthespaceship B Thetimeneededforabeamoflight stravelinthespaceship C Thespeedoftheotherspaceship D Thetimeneededforabeamoflight stravelintheotherspaceship C BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity3D 3 Whatdoesthescientistinthespaceshipmeasure A Thespeedofthespaceship B Thetimeneededforabeamoflight stravelinthespaceship C Thespeedoftheotherspaceship D Thetimeneededforabeamoflight stravelintheotherspaceship D BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity4 4 Whatdidthescientistintheredshipseeorconclude A Hisbeamoflightdoesnotappeartogostraightup B Thebeamoflightintheblueshipappearstocomestraightdown C Timepassedmoreslowlyintheredship D Theblueshipisshorterthantheredone BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity4A 4 Whatdidthescientistintheredshipseeorconclude A A Hisbeamoflightdoesnotappeartogostraightup B Thebeamoflightintheblueshipappearstocomestraightdown C Timepassedmoreslowlyintheredship D Theblueshipisshorterthantheredone BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity4B 4 Whatdidthescientistintheredshipseeorconclude B A Hisbeamoflightdoesnotappeartogostraightup B Thebeamoflightintheblueshipappearstocomestraightdown C Timepassedmoreslowlyintheredship D Theblueshipisshorterthantheredone BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity4C 4 Whatdidthescientistintheredshipseeorconclude C A Hisbeamoflightdoesnotappeartogostraightup B Thebeamoflightintheblueshipappearstocomestraightdown C Timepassedmoreslowlyintheredship D Theblueshipisshorterthantheredone BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity4D 4 Whatdidthescientistintheredshipseeorconclude D A Hisbeamoflightdoesnotappeartogostraightup B Thebeamoflightintheblueshipappearstocomestraightdown C Timepassedmoreslowlyintheredship D Theblueshipisshorterthantheredone BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity script1 ThemostimportantofAlbertEinstein stheoriespublishedthatyearbecameknownashis SpecialTheoryofRelativity Hesaidthespeedoflightisalwaysthesame almostthree hundred thousandkilometersasecond Wherethelightiscomingfromorwhoismeasuringitdoesnotchangethespeed However hesaid timecanchange Andmasscanchange Andlengthcanchange Theydependonwhereapersonisinrelationtoanobjectoranevent Imaginetwospacevehicleswithascientisttravellingineachone Onespaceshipisred Oneisblue Exceptforcolor bothspaceshipsareexactlyalike Theypassoneanotherfaroutinspace Neitherscientistfeelsthathisshipismoving Toeach itseemsthattheothershipismoving nothis Astheypassathighspeed thescientistineachshipmeasureshowlongittakesabeamoflighttotravelfromthefloortothetopofhisspaceship hitamirrorandreturntothefloor Eachspaceshiphasawindowthatletseachscientistseetheexperimentoftheother Theybegintheirexperimentsatexactlythesamemoment Thescientistintheblueshipseeshisbeamoflightgostraightupandcomestraightdown Butheseesthatthelightbeamintheredshipdoesnotdothis Theredshipismovingsofastthatthebeamdoesnotappeartogostraightup Itformsapathupanddownthatlookslikeanupsidedown V BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity script2 Thescientistintheredshipwouldseeexactlythesamethingashewatchedtheexperimentbytheotherscientist Hecouldsaythattimepassedmoreslowlyintheothership Eachscientistwouldbecorrect becausethepassingoftimeislinkedtothepositionoftheobserver Eachscientistalsowouldseethattheotherspaceshipwasshorterthanhisown Thehigherthespeedsthespaceshipsweretravelling theshortertheothershipwouldappear Andalthoughtheothershipwouldseemshorter itsmasswouldincrease Itwouldseemtogetheavier Theideasweredifficulttoaccept YetotherscientistsdidexperimentstoprovethatEinstein stheorywascorrect BR AlbertEinstein sSpecialTheoryofRelativity script3 Tenyearsafterhispaperonthespecialtheoryofrelativity AlbertEinsteinfinishedworkonanothertheory Itdescribedwhathecalledhis GeneralTheoryofRelativity Ithisspecialtheorytoincludethemotionofobjectsthataregainingspeed Thistheoryofferednewideasaboutgravityandtheclosebetweenmatterandenergy Itbuiltontheideasaboutmasshehadin1905 BR AlbertEinstein sGeneralTheoryofRelativity1 AlbertEinstein sGeneralTheoryofRelativity Listentothepassage andfillintheblankswiththemissingword s youhear expanded relationship expressed BR AlbertEinstein sGeneralTheoryofRelativity2 Einsteinsaidthatanobjectloseswhenitgivesofflight whichisakindofenergy Hebelievedthatmatterandenergyweredifferentformsofthesamething ThatwasthebasisofhisfamousstatementE MC2 Energyequalsmasstimesthespeedoflightsquared Thisorformulaexplainedthatagreatamountofenergycouldcomefromasmallpieceofmatter Itexplainedhowthesuncouldgiveoffheatandlightformillionsofyears Thisformulaalsoledtotheofatomicenergy mass mathematical statement discovery BR AlbertEinstein sGeneralTheoryofRelativity3 Inhisgeneraltheoryofrelativity Einsteinsaidthatgravity liketime isnotalwaysthesame Gravitychangesasspeeduporslowdown Healsosaidthatgravityfromverylargeobjects suchasstars couldturnthepathoflightwavesthatpassednearby Thisseemed Butin1919 Britishscientistsconfirmedhistheorywhenthesunwascompletelyduringasolareclipse AlbertEinsteinimmediatelybecamefamousaroundtheworld observers unbelievable blocked BR AGeneralIntroduction AGeneralIntroduction Frankenstein orTheModernPrometheus generallyknownasFrankenstein isanovelwrittenbyMaryShelley Thetitleofthenovelreferstoascientist VictorFrankenstein wholearnshowtocreatelifeandcreatesabeinginthelikenessofman butlargerthanaverageandmorepowerful Inpopularculture peoplehavetendedincorrectlytorefertothemonsteras Frankenstein BR AGeneralIntroduction pic1 BR AGeneralIntroduction pic2 BR AClipintheNovel Frankenstein1 AClipintheNovel Frankenstein 1 Whatwastheauthorinterestedin Themanwasinterestedinhumanbodies 2 Whatdidtheauthorbegintodo Theauthorbegantoworkwithdeadbodies Hestudiedtheprogressoftheirdecay andexaminedthechangefromlifetodeath anddeathtolife BR AClipintheNovel Frankenstein2 3 Whatdidtheauthorfinallydiscover Hefinallydiscoveredhowlifewascreated 4 Whatwastheauthor sattitudetowardsknowledge Knowledgeisdangerous 5 Whatistheauthor sfirsttask Thefirsttaskistocreateabody GR main PartDivisionoftheText FurtherUnderstanding GR FurtherUnderstanding ForPart1QuestionsandAnswers ForPart2Skimming ForPart3TrueorFalse FurtherUnderstanding GR PartDivisionoftheText1 PartDivisionoftheText Parts Para s MainIdeas 1 1 3 2 4 6 Tomakeinformeddecisionsaboutchange thepublicneedsabasicunderstandingofscience Whatcanbedonetoeducatethepublicaboutscience 3 7 Withaninformedpublic humanciviliz