动词时态和语态.doc

动词的时态和语态专题复习 Name_一般时一 一般现在时 结构：_1. 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month/ year .) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等1)She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 2) She_ home for school at 7 every morning. ( leave) 3) After lunch,they usually _ on the school field. ( play)2. _用一般现在时1) The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。2) Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。3) Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4) Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。3表当前_ _ The cloth washes well。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. We must be careful. Cotton _(catch) fire easily.4. 当事情按时刻表发生时，一些位移动词用一般现在时表示_。常见的动词有：arrive/begin/come/close/ depart/ end/ go /leave /open /return /sail /start /stop等。 The train_ at 10:05 a.m. (leave)The plane from Hainan_ at 6 p.m. (arrive)5. 在时间，条件或让步状语从句中， 一般现在时表_, 即_原则 1) Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 2) If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 3）. When they_（come）, they _（tell） you something important.二 一般过去时 结构：_1. 描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态(与现在无关)。时间状语有：last night (week , month , year , century .) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago 等等。1) He _ his driving license last month. ( get)2) Where _ you _ just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？(go) 2. 它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的_动作。 1) When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 2) He used to act like that. 三 一般将来时 结构: _ _ _ _1. shall / will + 动词原形，它没有主观性，是纯粹的将来动作。will还可表临时决定，例如：1) I shall / will not be free tomorrow . 2) He will arrive here this evening .3) -Someone is knocking at the door.-I _go to open the door.2. _ a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。 What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。c. 有迹象要发生的事。 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3. _按计划安排要发生的动作； 要求或命令他人做某事。1) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 2) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 4. _ 马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing. I am about to go out when the telephone rings.注意： be about to do. when.5. 一般现在时表将来 1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, close, depart, end,open,sail , stop的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示_的事情。The train _ at six tomorrow morning.( leave) When does the bus start? It_ in ten minutes. (start)The plane_ off at 11:00 a.m. (take) 2）起始和位移动词用_表示将来 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, close, depart, end,open,sail , stop Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。 _ you _ here till next week? (stay)你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ Mr. Reider _ for New York next week. (leave)3）在时间，条件或让步状语从句中， 一般现在时表_, 即_原则 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case （that）, unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately 1) Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 2) If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 3) When Bill _, ask him to wait for me. (come)4) I_ to you as soon as I _ there. ( write arrive)4） 以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如： There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。进行时一 现在进行时 结构：_1 _正在发生的动作(now,at this moment,at this time)。They are having a football match .Someone is asking for you on the phone. 2 _发生的动作1)He is preparing for CET Band Six. 2)Those Americans are learning Chinese in Beijing.3) Mr. Green is writing another novel.3 表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等,常与always，constantly连用。You are always changing your mind. （表示_）He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示_）One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示_）Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表_）4. 起始和位移动词用_表示将来 come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, close, depart, end,open,sail , stop, , -see , have , lunch( 吃午饭 ) , return, dine ( 进餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , 等。 Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？ Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 5. 表渐进过程 get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如：1.Its getting cold. 2. Shes finding that chemistry is much more difficult than physics.二 过去进行时 结构：_1） 表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.2) 过去进行时可用于描述背景，表示_.也可称为_. a. My brother _ while he_ his bicycle and hurt himself. （ fallride ） b. It _ when they _ the station. （ rain leave ） c. When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun _我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。1. Did you notice our head teacher just now? No, I _ of something else.A. was thinking B. thought C. had thought D. have thought 三 将来进行时结构：_1. 在将来某时候正在进行的动作例如：They will be visiting Beijing this time tomorrow. What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 2. 预计、安排即将发生或势必发生的动作。We shall be meeting at the school gate .When you get to the station at nine tomorrow, your uncle_(wait) for you there.综合练习（现在/过去/将来进行时）1. The students_ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B. were writing, left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left2. At this time tomorrow _over the Atlantic.A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 3. I didnt like my aunt, who without warning and bringing us presents. A. always turned up B. has always turned up C. was always turned up D. was always turning up4. Tom _ into the house when no one_.A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. was slipped; had looked D. was slipped ; had looked5. The last time I _ Jane, she _ cotton in the fields.A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. has seen; picked D. saw; was picking7. -Has Sam finished his homework today?- I have no idea. He _ it this morning.A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done8.By the way ,have you moved into the new house?Not yet. The walls A.are being painted B.were painted C.are painted D.are painting9. Has Sam his homework today?I have no idea. He it this morning. A.did B.has done C.was doing D.had done10. If we had set off early in the morning yesterday, we over the Pacific Ocean this time tomorrow afternoon.A.would have flown B.will be flying C.had flown D.will be flown完成时一 现在完成时 结构：_1. 未完成用法,表示动作或状态始于过去，一直延续到现在，可能继续发展, 也可能刚刚结束。He has been in the army for ten years. I have studied English since 1980.注意：a.这类动词必须为延续性动词。 b.常与表示时间段的时间状语连用：since,for,in the past few years,so far, up to now，by now,all ones life.2. 完成性用法，表示动作或状态到说话时已结束，但强调结果或对现在的影响 注意：a常与非延续性动词连用 b.常与already, yet, once, twice, just, ever, never连用 He has gone to Shanghai.（结果：他已不在这儿，He is not here now.） He went to Shanghai. (只强调去这个动作发生在过去)3. 反复性用法，表示过去到现在这段时间内反复发生的动作。I have been to the city twice this week.4. 一般现在时代替现在完成时 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如： I hear （= have heard） he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。 I forget （=have forgotten） how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。Practice:1. Through programmes like these, the WFP _(help) more than one billion people since it _(set up). 2. Since the disease _(discover)in the 1980s, it _ (become)a serious problem in many places, infecting over 60 million people worldwide.3. My friend, who_on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 二 过去完成时 结构：_解题的关键：以_时为基础。1.Kim hadnt learned any English before she came to China.2. The meeting had already begun when they arrived.3. I told him that we had known each other for many years.4. The house was dirty because they hadnt cleaned it for weeks.5. After they had eaten all the food, they cleared off the table.6. He said he had taught in that school since 1980.1.表示动作或状态从过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到过去某一时间，常与延续性动词连用，并常带有for, since, by, when, until等时间状语。如：I had stayed in Beijing for three years by then.Until then he had known nothing about it.The boy told his mother that he had been ill since he came back from the school.By ten oclock we had alrealdy done half of the work.2. 表示动作在过去某一时间前结束，通常与非延续性动词连用。如：When they got to the field, the football match had already started.He had learned two hundred English words by the end of last term.3. 表示在过去某时间以前反复发生的动作或出现的状态，常与频度状语连用。如：He said he had seen the film twice.4. 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图，常与hope, intend, mean, expect, think, want, suppose等动词连用。如：I had hoped to be able to take my seat in all this noise without being seen, but that morning the room was quiet and orderly. We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.Practice:1.His wife _ to catch the first train but she was too late.A.hoping B. had hoped C.has hoped D.would hope2. Mary mentioned that the dog _ her daughter more than once.A. had attacked B. attacks C. has attacked D. would attack 3.-Why didnt you come to the party? -I_ to come, but one of my friends came to see me just then.A. wanted B. was wanting C. had wanted D. had been wanted4.-Did you meet John here at the university? -No, we_ when I started college.A.have already met B.already met C. would meet D. had already met5.Class _ by the time I _ there, so I took a seat in the back.A.has begun, get B. had begun, got C. began, got D. begins, get三 将来完成时 结构：_表示在未来某一时间会业已完成的动作。By this time next year he will have graduated from college. I hope that I will have finished this article before you come tomorrow.By the end of November I will/ shall have accomplished the composition of this book.Practice:By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left四 现在完成进行时 结构：_表示发生在过去的某个动作延续到现在刚刚完成，或许还要继续延续；这种时态侧重于这个动作的连续性，或者说不间断性。当谓语动词是be时，用现在完成时就可以表示现在完成进行时。Ive been waiting for you for the whole morning. It has been raining for 3 days.1. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she_ English for a year. A.studies B.studied C. is studying D. has been studying五 过去将来时 结构：_用法：表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态1 宾语从句或间接引语中；When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 2 表示过去习惯性的动作 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. would +V还可表示过去的习惯动作，同used to。When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.Practice:1.-Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. had B. would C. was going to D. did2.This morning Alice _ out _ the door opened and in came some strangers.A.was just about to go; while B.went ; whenC.was going ; while D. was just about to go; when3.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon.A. leaves B.would leave C.left D.had left特殊句型中的时态1. It / This / That is + 最高级 + n. + 定语从句（完成时）” Eg: Mr. Zhang is the kindest teacher that I have ever met.这是我吃过的最美味的食物。_2. “It / This / That is/was the first / second / third. time + that从句(现在/过去完成时)” Eg: This is the first time that I have come here.这是我第二次参观这所大学。_3. It is time + 主语 + 过去式 （该是.的时候了）Eg: It is time the government took proper steps to solve the traffic problems.Eg: It is time the government to solve the traffic problems.是该起床的时候了。_4. It is / has been + 一段时间 + since从句(过去时)” It is/has been two weeks since we last met.我已经很久没玩得这么高兴了。_5. 主语 + was / were + doing. when从句(过去时)She was picking cotton in the field when I saw her.6. 主语 + was / were about to do. when从句(过去时)主语 + was / were on the point of doing. when从句(过去时) I was about to go out when the bell rang._7. Hardly / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词. + when从句(过去时) No sooner had + 主语 + 过去分词. + than从句(过去时)Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down._8. “It be 一段时间 before从句” It will be two years before he comes back from abroad. It was some time before we realized the truth. （2005年山东卷） 9. “祈使句/名词短语+ and / or / otherwise + 陈述句（将来时）Use your head and youll find a way. Stop smoking otherwise youll be in poor health. A few years more and well fulfill our dream of going to college. 1. I_along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_ . (06安徽卷)A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occu 2. Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 3. They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _a good drink. A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 4. I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_on it for more than an hour. (2006湖北卷) A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked 5. No sooner _ to the office than she got down to writing the reportA. has she got B. did she get C. does she get D. had she go 被动语态主动变被动My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book _(by my friend)on my birthday.I _ an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.The boss made him work all day long.He _ work all day long(by the boss)We often hear him play the guitar. He _ often_ play the guitar. 主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加_。类似make ,hear 的动词还有see, watch,_等.短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。She took good care of her children.The children _ (by her).You should pay attention to your pronunciation and spelling.Your pronunciation and spelling _.Attention _ your pronunciation and spelling. 被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词， get / become + 过去分词表示。基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。Exercises:1. In some parts of the world, tea _ (serve) with milk and sugar.2. The boy whom you lent the bike to _ (hit) by a car.3. Lincoln _ (think of) as a friend of freedom.4. The teacher told us that the attraction of the earth for all bodies _ (call) gravity.5. He was so careless as to _ (run over) yesterday.注意所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中，如rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie，run out, take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。 1) When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 2) After the earthquake, few houses remained. 3) -The English exam is not difficult, is it? - Even Jane belonging to the top students failed in it.主动表被动系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain, appear, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep形容词/名词构成系表结构。 -Do you like the material? -Yes, it feels very soft. The food tastes delicious/good/tasty. The pop music sounds beautiful. The water _ cold when I jumped into the pool for morning exercises.（06 全国） A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well, badly, easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，常见的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook, cut, draw, drive, open, wear, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink 等。如： The cloth washes easily. 这布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 这新产品很畅销。 The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写字很流畅。 The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. (07 全国) A. sold B. had been sold out C. were sold D. would sellwant, require, need, be worth后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 On top of