U4重点词汇讲解.doc

U4重点词汇讲解order1) n. 订货，订单 Id like to have an order of fresh vegetable. 我想订购新鲜蔬菜。2) n. 命令，要求 As a soldier, he must always take orders, whether right or wrong. 作为一个士兵，他必须总是服从命令，不管对与错。3) n. 治安，秩序 The police help keep order and protect us from crime. 警察帮助维持秩序和保护我们不受犯罪侵害。4) n. 整齐，有条理 We should put everything in the room in order. 我们应该把房间里的所有东西放整齐。5) n. 出故障，有问题 The equipment brought in last year from the USA is now out of order. 去年从美国引进的设备现在坏了。6) v. 命令The general ordered that the army should set off immediately.将军命令军队立刻出发。term . 术语，名词；任期，期限；学期 1) Scientific terms are always difficult to remember.科学术语总是很难记住。2) An American Presidents term of office is four years.美国总统的任期是4年。3) The summer term runs from April to July.夏季学期从4月份到7月份。4) in the long term 从长远角度来看in the short term 就眼前来说In the short term, the medicine may not be very effective.从眼前看，这个药可能疗效不大。5) in terms of 依，据；从方面；从角度来讲In terms of money were quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.就钱来说我们很富有，但论及幸福就不然了。offence = offense1) n. 违反，罪 He committed an offence against our law. 他违反了我们了法律。2) n. 攻击Offense is the safest form of defense. 攻击是最好的防守。3）adj. offensive 冒犯的，攻击的，令人不快的 （to+名 对的）He took up some offensive words to his boss.他说了一些攻击性的言论。hatredn. 憎恨；仇恨；恶意，由动词hate变化而来He looked at me with hatred in his eyes. 他以憎恨的眼光望着我。have a hatred for/of 憎恶She has a profound hatred of fascism. 她对法西斯主义怀有深仇大恨。lastly adv. 最后一点；最后 Lastly, were going to visit Athens, and fly home from there.最后我们将访问雅典，然后从那儿乘飞机回国。last也可以充当副词 意为:上次，最近I saw him last in New York. 我上次见到他是在纽约。identify 1）v. 确认；识别；鉴定,验明 (+as)I cannot identify this signature. 我识别不出这是谁的签字。2）v. 视 (与)为同一事物 (+with)Never identify wealth with happiness. 千万不要把财富和幸福等同起来。3) v. (与) 认同；感同身受 (+with)I identified with the heroine of the novel.我与小说中的那个女主人公感同身受。break 短语归纳：1) break down 损害；（把化合物等）分解；垮掉He has completely broken down under the pressure of work.在工作压力下他完全垮掉了。2) break in 插入，打扰Dont break in while others are speaking. 别人讲话时不要插嘴。3) break out 爆发，发生Does everyone know what to do if a fire breaks out? 人人都知道火灾发生后该做什么吗？4) break off 打断；折断；结束She broke off their engagement only a few weeks before they were due to be married.就在他们预期结婚前几个星期她解除了婚约。5) break through 突破He failed many times but he finally broke through to find a successful way to cure this disease.他失败了很多次，最后终于发现了有效治疗这种疾病的方法。6) break away from 脱离；打破They broke away from the national union and set up their own local organization.他们脱离了国家联邦建立了自己的地方组织。7) break up 解散, 分解；绝交There are plans to break the company up into several smaller independent companies.有计划把这家公司分解成几个独立的小公司。annually 1) adv. 每年；每年一次They celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。annual 既是形容词又是名词annual report 年度报告 annual ring 【植】年轮2) n. 年刊；年报；年鉴；年税regardingprep. 关于（某人/某事物）I wrote a letter regarding my daughters school examinations. 我写了一封关于我女儿学校考试的信。其同义词：as regards / concerningAs regards economic issues, he agreed with our view.关于经济问题，他同意我们的看法。We did more work concerning the aging population.我们做了更多有关老龄化的工作。keep 短语归纳：1) keep away 远离；使不靠近Keep the children away from the machine especially when it is running.不要让孩子靠近机器尤其当机器在运转时。2) keep back 隐瞒；使不往前I got the feeling he was keeping something back. 我有一种感觉他在隐瞒着什么。3) keep from 忍住；阻止The play was so boring, I could hardly keep myself from falling asleep.比赛太无聊了，我忍不住想睡觉。4) keep off 挡住；避开：使不靠近The sign in the garden says, “Keep off the grass!”花园里的指示牌上写着“勿踏草地!”5) keep to 坚持；信守When we ride or walk, we must keep to the right. 无论是骑车还是走路，要靠右边。6) keep out (of) 置身之外；把挡在外面Youd better keep out of their quarrel. 你最好不要介入他们的争吵当中。7) keep up 跟上， 不落后；保持Employees need to keep up with the latest technical developments.职工们需要跟上最新的技术进步。workings n. （复数） 运行， 运作The workings of stock exchange are beyond most peoples knowledge. 证券交易的运作是大多数人都不懂的。work 1) vi. 奏效，有用Your idea sounds good, but can it work?你的想法听起来不错，但是有用吗？2) vt. 使产生效果It is said that the new drug can work wonders.据说新药能产生奇迹。works 1) n. 工厂（单复数同形）The chemical works has been closed. 化学厂已经被关闭了。2) n. 作品（可数，但常用复数）Shakespeares works include plays and poems. 莎士比亚的作品包括剧本和诗歌。 spy spies (第三人称单数)； spied (过去式、过去分词) ；spying (现在分词)1) vt. （1） 暗中监视；侦察出He sent out a party to spy the enemy. 他派出一个小分队暗中监视敌人的行动。（2） 察觉，发现（复合宾语）We spied a stranger hanging around the corner. 我们发现一位陌生人在拐角处闲荡。2）vi. 当间谍；暗中监视;刺探 (+on/upon/into)We spied on the man. 我们监视那个人。3) n. 间谍；密探 可数名词She liked the adventures of a spy. 她喜欢间谍的冒险。apply 1) apply to 向申请（请求）I applied to four universities and was accepted by all of them. 我申请了四所大学，都被他们接受了。2) apply to 使用，应用于，适合于Do the same rules apply to part-time workers? 这同样的规章制度适用于那些兼职工人吗？3) apply oneself to sth /doing sth 勤奋工作，努力学习You would pass your exams if you applied yourself to your lessons. 努力学习就会通过考试。4) apply sth to sth 把应用于New technology is being applied to almost every industrial process.新技术正用于差不多各个工业生产过程中。These ideas are often difficult to apply in practice. 这些想法很难在实际中应用。5) apply for 申请She applied for a job with the local newspaper. 她在当地报社申请了一份工作。6) application 申请，应用The university welcomes applications from overseas students. 大学欢迎来自海外的申请。The research has many practical applications. 这项研究有许多实际的用途。部分后接名词的带to短语归纳:belong to属于 lead to 通向，导致 owe to归功于 point to 指向refer to 查阅，提到 stick to坚持，粘住 turn to求助于contribute to促进于，是原因；作贡献 pay attention to 重视，注重similarly adv. 1) 相似地；类似地 The two boys dress similarly. 两个小男孩穿得差不多一样。2) 也；同样She was late and I similarly was delayed. 她迟到了，我也晚了。similar adj. 相像的，相仿的，类似的(+to)” His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。similarity n. 1）类似；相似 不可数The similarity between the two reports suggests that one person wrote both.那两个报告极其相似,这意味着它们出自一人的手笔。2）相似点；类似点 可数Bees and wasps both sting, but they have other similarities too.蜜蜂和黄蜂都刺人,但它们还有其他相似之处。strait n. 常以复数表示单数意义, 尤其用于专有名称 1) 海峡; （联接两大水域之间的）狭窄水道 the Straits of Gibraltar 直布罗陀海峡 the Magellan Straits 麦哲伦海峡2) 困难； 陷于（恶劣的）财务困境中（常用复数）She has been in great straits (financially) since her husband died.自从她丈夫去世，她(在经济方面)一直处于困境。aboard 1) adv. 在船 (或飞机；车) 上；上船 (或飞机，车)All passengers aboard fell into the river. 船上所有乘客皆落入河中。2) prep. 在(船，飞机，车)上；进入，上(船，飞机，车)They were the last two to go aboard the ship. 他们是最后两位上船的。介词短语on board = aboard We went on board the ship. 我们登上了轮船。(做状语)Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened.飞机上的人都很着急,而且我们急于想了解出了什么事。（做后置定语）注意：aboard abroad (adv.往国外, 到处, 海外)pose 1) vi. 使摆好姿势（照相、画像时摆好姿势） We posed for photographs after the graduation ceremony. 毕业典礼后，我们摆好姿势照了相。2) vi.（与as连用）冒充；假装 Tom was caught posing as a lawyer. 汤姆冒充律师被当场抓住。3) vt. 提出；陈述to pose an argument 提出议论4) vt.造成，形成（问题）to pose an obstacle to 成为障碍5) n. 姿态，装腔作势Hes always talking about his deep interest in philosophyits just a pose. 他总是谈论他对哲学的浓厚兴趣那只是装腔作势罢了。练习：一、 首字母填空完成句子。1. If you want to go to a foreign country, it is necessary for you to be in possession of a valid passport and any v_. 2. There have been questions about the a_ of government statistics. 3. A r_ can be called in for some disputes between neighbors. 4. He is old and unpopular. F_，he has at best only two years of political life ahead of him. 5. The incident took place in a_ controlled by the Chinese military. 6. In the first half of the 1970s, the economy was growing at an a_ rate of 7 percent. 7. R_ your recent inquiry, I have enclosed a copy of our new brochure. 8. Many managers tend to view computer security and computer crime as t_ problems that technicians can solve.9. My shoes were so t_ that I could hardly walk. 10. You need special s_ to view the information in the file.二、 根据中文填空完成句子。1. It is difficult to understand the article, because it has used many technical _(术语). 2. The novel has been criticized for being _(冒犯的) to Muslims.3. The long cold winter only increased his _(憎恨) of the place. 4. While I was having dinner in the restaurant, a waiter came over and handed me the _(支票)，leaving me dumbfounded. 5. It is the responsibility of each _(个人) within the class to make sure they have the correct books.6. Each student must obtain the _（签名）of his or her parents if he/she wants to board our school. 7. After years research, scientists have _ (认定) virus that is responsible for the disease. 8. There is a _(理论上的) chance of infection, but it is not very likely. 9. The gift should be something the _(接收者) will like. 10. Dont pick the apples until theyre really _(成熟的). 三、 选词语填空完成句子。orderidentifytermkeep upapply toposesimilarlybreak upaboardkeep to1. Would you be able to _ the man who robbed you?2. If you cannot _, I can walk more slowly.3. We dont know the reason why they have _ with each other.4. The items are listed in _ of importance.5. The academic year is divided into two _. 6. Stop _ and tell us what you really think.7. The brothers dress _.8. In discussing this problem, we ought to _ t