中考作文专题讲义记叙文.doc

专题讲义第二讲 记叙文的写作技巧一、 记叙文记叙文是以记叙人物的经历或事物的发展变化过程为主的一种文体。它是写作训练中最普遍、最基本的一种文体。一般来说大致分为3大类：1、以人物为主的记叙文，即以人物为中心组织材料，通过对人物的外貌、语言、心理活动的描写来刻画人物的形象，围绕人物来写事件。2、以事件为主的记叙文，即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕事件来写人物。通过记叙一件事，来说明生活道理，或表达一种思想感情，或留给读者一种启迪、一种感觉。首先要明确五个w和一个h。即what(什么事),who（什么人）,when（什么时候）,where（什么地点）,why（为什么）,how（怎么样）。在就说选择人称。最后选择叙述方式，顺叙、倒叙或插叙。3、以写景状物为主的记叙文，即侧重描写景物或事物。为了烘托一个主题，按照特定的情景，发挥想象力，描写出事物的形与神，做到神形兼备。借景抒情、托物言志。二、 记叙文的写作技巧1、 交代要素。记叙文涉及的要素有人物（who/whom）时间（when）地点（where）事件（what）等。在记叙时要把时间、地点、人物、原因等因素交代清楚，给人一种完整的认识和印象。2、 选择叙述顺序。一般来说，记叙文倾向于按故事或事件发生的时间先后娓娓道来。3、 主题鲜明，内容清楚。记叙事情时，要注意突出主题，内容清楚具体；文章应有头有尾，写出事情的发生、发展、变化及结束的过程。4、 层次分明，条理清楚。在记叙中涉及几个人或几件事时，要对内容进行分析，区分出不同的层次，做到条理清楚。5、 详略得当，主次适宜。三、 精品小作文【考题】昨天小明骑自行车上学，过马路闯红灯时，被一辆出租车撞倒，被警察送进医院，老师和同学们听到了这个消息，放学后都去看望他，他很高兴见到老师和同学们，他说：“我知道我错了，我以后会遵守交通规则的。”根据提示写一篇70-80字的短文。参考范文：Xiao Ming went to school by bike yesterday. When the light was red, he crossed the road and was knocked down by a taxi. He was sent to hospital by a policeman. When his teacher and classmates heard the bad news, they went to see him after school. He was very glad to see them. He said ,“I know I have done a wrong thing. Ill obey the traffic rules from now on.”四、 写作演练1、今天你和班里的同学去了一个农场参观了，受到了那里的工人的热情接待，你们在那儿看到了什么，又做了什么？写80字左右的英语短文。不得出现真实的姓名、校名和地名。2、今天早上你和朋友骑车去公园玩时，碰巧遇到一个男孩从车上摔下来，你和朋友及时把他送进医院。他的父母很感激你们。你们心里是怎么想的试着把整个过程用英语叙述出来。文中不得出现真实的人名、校名及地名。参考范文：1、Today we visited a farm. Early in the morning, we met at the school gate and went there together The farm workers gave us a warm welcome. Then the head of the farm showed us around. How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing well. At noon we had a picnic lunch in the sunshine. After a ten minutes break, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes(笑话) or stories. Two of us even played a game of chess. The time passed quickly. Before we knew it,we had to say goodbye to the workers. 2、This morning my friend and I went to the park by bike. A boy before us was on a bike, too. He rode very fast. Suddenly he fell off his bike. He lay on the ground and couldnt get up. My friend and I rode up to him And tried to help him rise. He sat up but couldnt stand up, because he had his right leg broken. WE decided t send him to the nearest hospital on his bike. In the hospital, he was well examined and given immediate treatment. There I phoned his home and told his parents the whole thing. His parents came to the hospital before long. They thanked us again and