第三节课：职称英语义1.doc

第三节课：职业英语讲义1总体设计主 讲 内 容英译汉汉译英怎样阅读科普文怎样处理what 问题石化核心词汇whenwherehowwhy问题模拟题讲解第二讲：英译汉英语与汉语的最大不同1英语重结构，汉语重语义2英语长句较多，汉语多短句 3英语被动语态较多，汉语较少见4英语介词分工明显，汉语则很模糊5英语规则多，汉语规则少Have how far, die how far. 有多远，死多远第一讲：英译汉In just a few years, many cities banned the parking of cars on side walks, created or renovated （修复）more parks, introduced a highly successful bus-base rapid transit system, built hundreds of kilometers of bicycle paths and pedestrian streets步行街 , reduced rush hour traffic, planted more trees and involved使（个人或团体）参与 local citizens directly in the improvement of their neighborhoods.英文理解或翻译中可能遇到的障碍1从句（状语从句、定语从句、名词从句）2句型、固定结构、典型句法 3后置定语4一词多义5非字面意义现象一：从句的翻译方式-状语从句 1. 状语从句的理解方式unit 1 （para.2, line3）Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise.巨大的噪音会引发我们本能的恐惧感（另一种是坠落时的恐惧）。如果我们不幸生活在外来的噪音之中，我们则无法完全放松。08 阅读短文2 para2There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf. 因为面包被切的很薄，所以含有较少的热量，但是每一片面包仍然含有相同的热量 结论：地点、假设条件、原因、时间状语从句应先从后主。方式壮语先主后从。让步壮语随意。结果状语居后08. 阅读短文1 para. 2But meetings in themselves are not an end product, no matter what some may think. 但是会议本身并不是一个终端结果，无论有人怎么想08. 翻译短文2 para. 2When a study area has been reduced to a manageable size, it is called a prospective area, or prospect. 当勘探区域缩小到可以控制的范围时，它会被称为矿藏远景区 2. 定语从句的理解方式unit 1 (para. 3, line 4)A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery. 和父母或孩子的关系如果不是建立在仁慈、无条件的关心基础上，只会产生孤立与痛苦Unit 2 (para. 2, line 5)The number of hours commuters spent going nowhere sitting in traffic-congested streets and highways climbs higher each year, raising frustration levels. 乘车者花在拥挤堵塞的街道和大路上的时间初年攀升，郁闷也随之加深08 英译汉短文2When all possible sites that could be picked in this manner were exhausted, new selection methods were necessary. 当所有用这种方法寻找的油址勘完之后，就需要寻求新的选址方法08 汉译英短文1 Being one of those whose life has been threatened by the crisis, I would like to do something helpful, such as not wasting water in daily life and spreading the idea of protecting environment. 作为生活受到这种危机威胁的人之一，我想做一些有助的事情，比如日常生活中不浪费水和传播环境保护的理念等。结论：定语从句多要提到名词前面翻译，但如果是非限制性定语从句或者多个定语从句，则另当处理Unit 1 (para. 2, line 7)If you need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbors, which will make you and them feel good. 如果你希望把电视机、收音机或者音乐打大一点，带上耳机可以表示你估计他们的感受，而这会让你和你的邻居都感觉很好Unit 5 (para. 3, line 1) Even worse is the effect the oil spill could have on sensitive salt marshes and mangrove coastlines, which would be practically impossible to clean and that some fear might be permanently destroyed. 更糟的是石油泄漏对盐碱滩和红树林海岸的影响，它们实际上无法恢复，有人甚至担心它们可能会永久性被破坏08英译汉短文1 This is a completely valid technique for locating geologic anomalies, or unusual features, that are relatively close to the earths surface. 这是一种定位异常地质结构非常有效的方法，这些地方往往离地表比较近。1. 名词从句的理解方式Unit 3(para. 2, line 1)It is really due to the spread of the knowledge and practice of what is becoming known as “ Death Control” 这的确是因为知识的传播和被人们称之为“死亡控制”理论的践行。unit 4 (para. 3, line 1)This element of the unknown has for centuries added greatly to the dread and horror surrounding earthquakes, but in recent times there have been indications that earthquake prediction may be possible. 数百年来，这些未知的因素巨大地增加了地震带附近人们的恐惧，但是进来已经有迹象表明地震预测是可行的unit 7 (para.1, line 5)How does the manufacturer separate the hits from the gimmicks, while trying to decipher what cell phone users really want or need in the near future? 制造商在甄别不久的将来手机使用者究竟需要什么什么样的手机时，怎么去区分哪些会畅销，而哪些会滞销？08 阅读短文2Once a prospect is located, some means of evaluating its potential value is needed to determine if a well should be drilled.一旦远景矿区位置确定，就需要对它潜在的价值进行评估，从而决定是否该钻井结论：名词从句比较好处理，难点是what引导的句子需把前后部分贯穿起来，同位语从句要注意被修饰词的动化或弱化08 英译汉短文2There is little doubt in the minds of most petroleum geologists, from the evidence of association, that petroleum originates from organic matter of both plant and animal origin that accumulates in fine-grained sediment under quiet conditions relatively deficient in oxygen. 从相关证据来看，大多数石油地质学家基本不再怀疑石油源自动植物的有机物质在相对缺氧而稳定环境下的沉积层中日积月累转化而成二：句型、固定结构、典型句法 unit 4 (para. 2, line 1)The great majority of all earthquakes occur in two specific geographic areas. One such area encompasses the Pacific Ocean and its contiguous land masses. The other extends from the East Indians to the Atlas Mountains, including the Himalayas, Iran, Turkey and the Alpine regions. 绝大数地震都发生在两个特定的区域：一是太平洋地震带；另一个从东印度群岛到阿特拉斯山脉，其中包括喜马拉雅山脉、伊朗、土耳其和阿尔卑斯地区unit 5 (para.5, line 2)The longer the oil fouls the water, the more polluted the food chain becomes, which could result in large fish kills and seafood too contaminated for consumption. 石油停留在水中越久，食物链就会被污染，这会导致大量的鱼死亡和海产品因过于污染而无法食用unit 7 (para.1, line 3)Cell phones have changed so much in the past few years that with every new product launch comes another big dilemma for the cellular manufacturers. 手机在过去的几年里变化的如此之大以至于随着每一款新产品发布，手机制造商都极其左右为难unit 7 (para.2, line 9)Developers should now concentrate on designing exciting new looks for phones, since few things have more direct influence over a consumers fickle buying behavior than the emotional response that the shape, color or look of a phone evokes. 既然很少有东西对消费者直接的影响比得上手机的形状、颜色和外壳给购买行为变幻无常的消费者带来的的情感反映，开发者现在现在应集中精力设计外表靓丽新潮的手机08 英译汉短文1 So it is high time for us to find a solution to the problem.所以现在是我们寻求解决这个问题的时间了not onlybut alsoasasit is (high) time (for sb.) to do/that (the past tense)tootowould rather.thannotuntilmorethanit is/wasthat(强调句型)the morethe moreonethe othersomeothersmore and moretimes asas/ times more thanunit 5(para. 1, line)The sheer size of the oil spill210,000 gallons a day contaminating the Gulf of Mexicohas many people worried about the short and long-term environmental harm it is causing. 行内人士说最受欢迎的手机将会有一些高级功能，这些功能很容易针对不同人的喜好进行个性化设计unit 6 (para.1, line 2)While some tech companies are developing more energy-efficient product lines, others are releasing software to make existing computers consume less. 在一些科技公司在开发更为节能的生产线的时候，还有一些科技公司正在推出软件，从而减少现有电脑的耗电量08 英译汉短文2It turned out that the bread was not dietetic, but just regular bread事实证明这些面包并不具有特殊性，只是一些普通面包而已unit two (para. 2, line 6)The quality of urban life in these cities has greatly enhanced with the vision of a city designed for people. 在城市景观以人为本的理念下，这些城市的生活质量得到了巨大改善unit 6 (para.2, line 2)And with energy prices high, they are trying to appeal to people who are looking for ways to chip away at expenses. 因为能源价格居高不下，他们正在努力吸引那些想方设法削减开销的人们makedo/donewithadj/doing/done/to (with the development of)it turned out