条理极其清晰的主谓一致总结.doc

GrammarAgreement (主谓一致)主谓一致的基本原则：以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数。1. 单数主语与谓语动词的一致：例如：1) 由each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。2) 以-s结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义时, 谓语动词通常用单数形式。如news, maths, physics, politics, works (工厂) 等词貌似复数,实为单数,其谓语动词用单数。例如： Maths is very popular in our class. 在我们班数学很受欢迎。3) 数词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。算式中谓语动词用单复数都可以。例如：Ten is a round number.Three times five is (are) fifteen.4) 表示时间、距离、重量、长度、价格、数目等的复数名词作主语表示整体概念时, 其谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：Two months is quite a long time. 两个月是相当长的一段时间。5) 主语是以-ics 结尾的学科名词以及等都属形式复数, 而意义单数的名词, 其谓语用单数形式。例如：Mathematics seems to be difficult to learn. 另外means一词单复数同形应视具体情况而定。例如：A new means of teaching is being used in that school. 注意：学科名词前如有物主代词修饰时, 谓语常用复数。例如：My mathematics are weak. 6) 主语是用作书名、剧名、报纸名、国名等的复数名词,谓语一般用单数形式。例如： The United States is a developed country.7) 主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ,as well as ,together with along with, like, including 等引导的介词短语时 ,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。例如：The woman with two children is my aunt.My father, together with his friends, is going to visit the Great Wall我父亲将和他的朋友们一起去参观长城。 He as well as his sister is a League member. The factory, including its machines and buildings, was burnt last night.注意：主语和谓语之间插入了分词短语,谓语要与主语保持一致。Mr. Smith, followed by his wife and three children, has just arrived.8) 从句、不定式、动名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数形式。例如： When to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。Is watching too much TV good or bad for your health? 9) 由what 引出的从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单数形式。但如果what 引出的从句所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如：What you said is wrong. 注意：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。例如：What he said and what he did were always different.他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。 10) 代词something, anything, nothing, everyone, anybody, nobody, each, neither, either, little, much, one等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Neither of us is a boy我们俩都不是男孩。 Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们当中每人都有一本词典。One of the students was late for school. Everything is possible.11) 成对的名词,如bread and butter涂黄油的面包,soda and water汽水,coffee and milk加牛奶的咖啡,aim and end目的,salt and water盐开水等,虽然有and连接,但仍表单一概念,作主语时,谓语用单数。例如：A knife and fork is on the table. 12) 用引号的词语作主语时,谓语用单数第三人称。例如：“I” is the ninth letter of the English Alphabet.2. 复数主语与谓语动词的一致：1) the与English/Japanese/Swiss/French /police/cattle/folk (人们,人民) 等集体名词一起连用是用复数。例如：Look, the cattle are eating grass in the hill.The English have a wonderful sense of humor.The police are running after a thief.2) “the +形容词”(如the poor ,the rich ,the young, the old , the dead ,the sick, the brave 等)作主语用来表示一类人时,谓语动词往往用复数。例如： The poor are very happy, but the rich are sad. 穷人过得很快乐,有钱人却过得不快乐。3) 有两部分构成的物体的名词,如shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。注意：如果这类名词前用了a pair of等,则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。例如：Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.4) youth作”青年们”解作主语时, 谓语用复数。例如： The youth of China today are doing their best to study modern science and technology.3. 并列主语与谓语动词的一致：1) 由and或bothand连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如： Both my mom and I like watching TV very much.但并列主语如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数, 这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。例如：The poet and writer has come. 2) 由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.3) 由either, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also等词连接并列主语时, 谓语动词常和最接近的主语一致。例如：Neither you nor Li Hua has been to Shanghai before. Is he or you wrong? 他错了还是你错了? Either you or he has to go there with me. 实地演练：1. Multiple choices: choose the most suitable answer.( ) 1) There _ many new words in Lesson One. It is very easy.A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are( ) 2) -These bananas look different and they are sweet. -Right. They _ here from Taiwan yesterday. A. was brought B. were brought C. bring D. are brought( ) 3) Every teacher and every student _ dictionaries. A. need B. needs C. needing D. need to( ) 4) No student and no teacher _ invited to the party. A. are B. have C. is D. were( ) 5) The injured in the tsunami_ good care of by some medical teams.A. is taken B. are being taken C. are taking D. is being taken( ) 6) The secretary of the Party branch and director of that factory often _ with the workers.A. work B. working C. works D. to work( ) 7) Each man and each woman _ asked to help when the fire broke out.A. is B. was C. are D. were( ) 8) The United States _ founded in 1776. A. is B. was C. are D. were( ) 9) The Smiths often _ with their children in their spare time.A. plays B. playing C. play to D. play ( ) 10) How time does fly. Ten years _ passed.A. have B. has C. is D. are( ) 11) -When are you going to Kunming for your holidays? -I havent decided. _ this Sunday _ next Sunday is OK.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also( ) 12) _ Helen _ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China.A. Either; or B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B( ) 13) The paper for books and new papers _ made of wood.A. are B. is C. has D. have( ) 14) Not only my brother but also I _ good at painting. Both of us _ good painters.A. are.are B. am.are C. is.is D. are.is( ) 15) Everyone except Jim and Bill _ there when the meeting began.A. were B. is C. are D. was 2. Try to find the only one fault in each of the following sentences.1) Both paper and ink is used up.2) Eating too much are bad for your health.3) This pair of shoes are my brothers.4) Each of the boys have a dictionary.5) Every one of the students in Class Two have two books.6) I think maths are very difficult to learn.7) Since 2000, everything in Nanchang have changed.8) The mother with two children often go to the town.1. 1)5) BBBCB 6)10) CBBDB 11)15) BDBBD 2.1.is改为 are 2.are改为 is 3.are改为 is 4.have改为 has5. have 改为 has 6.are改为 is 7.have 改为has 8.go 改为goes4. 集体名词作主语与谓语动词的一致：1) people, police, cattle, clothes等集体名词作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。例如：People here are very friendly. 这儿的人们很友好。 The police are having a meeting 警察们正在开会。 2) 集体名词family, class, team, group, crowd, committee等看作整体时,谓语动词用单数;看作每一个成员时,谓语动词用复数。例如：My family is a very big one, with ten people in it. 我家是一个大家庭, 有十口人。 My family all like watching TV我们全家人都喜欢看电视。3) 当表示国家,城市,人名,书名,报纸,杂志,及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时,作为整体,谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 纽约时报5. 定语从句中的主谓一致：在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。例如： I, who am your teacher, will teach you everything I know.注意：在”one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中,从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有,从句的谓语动词用单数,如没有the only, 就用复数形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.He was the only one of the students who was late for school.6. 其他情况下的主谓一致：1) 分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。但要注意population 一词,用作整体时,谓语动词用单数,用其部分做主语时,谓语动词形式用复数。Part of the work has been done by us.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.Ten percent of the apples were bad.The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants.2) half, the rest, part等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如：Half of the fruit is bad.Half of the visitors are from Europe. 3) There be句型、以here或where开头的句子谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。例如：There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一枝钢笔和一些书。 Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。 Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.4) one or two +复数名词做主语,谓语动词用复数。5) many a 单数名词 (许多) ; more than one 单数名词(不止一)作主语,尽管意思是复数,但谓语动词还是用单数。例如：Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More than one student has visited the exhibition.注意： “more than +基数词复数名词”结构或”more 复数名词 than one做主语时,谓语用复数。例如：More than twenty students are playing football on the playground.More members than one are against your plan.6) 当kind of, pair of, glass of等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时, 谓语动词应与kind, pair, glass等形式一致。例如： This pair of shoes is dirty这双鞋脏了。 There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌子上有两杯水。this kind of men=men of this kind=these kind of men(这类人,口语中用),但this kind of men的谓语用单数,men of this kind=these kind of men的谓语用复数。This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.7) 由 “a lot of (lots of) plenty of a number of +名词”或”分数+名词”作主语时, 谓语动词的形式根据名词的单复数而定。例如：A lot of people have been to London.许多人去过伦敦。Three-fifths of the water is dirty. 五分之三的水是脏的。 注意：a number of后面加复数名词或代词,其动词用复数形式;但the number of后面加复数名词或代词时,其谓语用单数。例如：The number of the students in our school is over two thousand. 我们学校的学生数超过两千。8) 不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时, 若指复数概念, 谓语动词用复数形式;若指单数概念, 则谓语动词用单数形式。例如：All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.9) 疑问代词who, what, which作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。Who is your brother?Who are League members?10) 当主语是同位语时,谓语动词要根据同位语的单复数来确定,区分主语和同位语的方法是,用逗号连接的就是同位语,用连词and连接的就是主语。例如：Susan, Mr. Motts wife, is a scientist. 苏姗,也就是默特先生的妻子是一位科学家。11) 主语是表示数量的”one and a half +复数名词”,其谓语用单数形式。主语是”one or two + 复数名词”,其谓语用复数形式。例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table. There are one or two things Id like to know about. 12) 主语 people 作”人们,人民”解时,谓语动词用复数,作”民族”解时,有单复数之分。例如： People here are all participating in the game. There are 56 peoples in China. 13) 在强调结构中如被强调的是句子的主语,则who或that 后面的谓语动词的人称和数应和主语一致。例如：It is Mike who always helps me study maths after class .14) wish后接宾语从句用虚拟语气,如表示与现在事实相反,无论主语是单数还是复数,be动词用were。例如： I wish I were ten years younger. 15) 倒装句的主谓一致关键要分清倒装句的形式,是完全倒装,还是部分倒装。例如：Such is our plan.Such are his words.On the wall are two large pictures.16) the majority 做主语,可用单数也可用复数,the majority of +复数名词,谓语动词只用复数。例如：The majority is (are) against the plan.The majority of the students believe him to be innocent.17) 单复数同形的词means, sheep, species, series ,deer，works(工厂)主要看前面的修饰词,如果被these/those/all/both / several/ten,等复数意义的词修饰,则谓语动词用复数;如果被each/every/no等单数意义的词修饰,则用单数。例如：Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. This means is very useful.实地演练：1. Multiple choices: choose the most suitable answer.( ) 1) Many a foreigner _ been to the Great Wall.A. have B. has C. do D. does( ) 2) She is the only one of these women who _ the violin. A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play( ) 3) All of the people in the country _ prepared for the great reformation. A. has been B. have been C. is being D. does( ) 4) Most of the water here _ clean. A. did B. are C. is D. were( ) 5) 80% cotton _ sent to America.A. have been B. has been C. are D. does( ) 6) A number of old buildings _ destroyed in the war.A. was B. has been C. are D. have( ) 7) The number of the visitors _ decreased this year.A. have B. has C. are D. were( ) 8) My family _ very poor when I was a little girl. A. is B. was C. are D. were(