表语从句讲解及练习.doc

表语从句一、定义： 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell等词）之后。连系动词：be动词、表示持续的系动词（keep, remain, stay）、感官动词feel(摸起来，感觉) , smell(闻起来) , sound(听起来) , taste(尝起来，吃起来) 等、表示变化的系动词（become, grow, turn, fall, get, go,）、表终止的系动词prove, turn out(结果是，证明是)、seem, appear（看起来）连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。1.表语从句就是用一个句子作为表语。说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。Eg: The problem is puzzling. 这问题令人困惑 主语 连系动词 形容词作表语 The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以加薪. 主语 连系动词 一个句子作表语2.连接表语从句的连接词有：引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)； 关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等； 关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago. 他已经成为了他10年前想成为的。She has remained where I stood yesterday for an hour. 她一直在我昨天站的地方站了一个小时。His suggestion is that we should stay calm. 他的建议是，我们应该保持冷静。The question is when he can arrive at the hotel. 问题是，他什么时候可以到达酒店。 who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow. 谁与我明天将前往北京。 why he cried yesterday. 昨天他为什么哭。 how I can persuade her to join us in the party. 我怎么能说服她加入我们的派对。 whether the enemy is marching towards us. 是否敌人正向我们行进.二、注意：1.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.2.不可以用if，而用whether 连接表语从句(as if 例外）。引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether ，位于介词后要用whether ,位于句首时要用whether ，引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whetherFalse: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.Right: It looked as if he had understood this question.3.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.4.that在表语从句中不可以省掉。 His suggestion is that we should stay calm.三、基本用法1、表语从句的基本用法:表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句.The problem is how we can get the things we need. (how 在表语从句中充当方式状语) 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。 The scissors are not what I need. (what 在表语从句中充当宾语) 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。 What I told him was that I would find him a good play. (what在主语从句中作直接宾语， that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分， 不能省略) 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。That is what I want to tell you. (what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)那就是我想要对你讲的。 That is why she failed to pass the exam. (why 在表语从句中充当原因状语) 那就是她考试不及格的原因。2、“That is why.”是常用句型， 意为“这就是的原因/因此”， 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结。 Eg： That is why I came. 这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与“That is why.”形式相似的结构， 它们与“That is why.”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚： (1)“That is why.”与“That is the reason why.”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲， “That is the reason why.”中why引导的是个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why.”结构一样，例如： That is (the reason) why I cannot agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“That is because.”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么/因为”。“That is because.”与“That is why.”之间的不同在于“That is because.”指原因或理由， “That is why.”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果， 例如： He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明原因)He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)四、其他说明1.在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。The question is whether we can rely on him. 2. because，why 引导表语从句时通常只用于以下结构中This/ That /It is /was because .This/ That /It is /was why. Thats because we were in need of money at that time.Thats why I was late.3. as if / as though 引导表语从句常置于系动词look, seem, sound, be, become之后He looked as if he was going to cry .4.当主语是 the reason, the result, the reason why或者是why 引导的主语从句时，连接词用that, 不用because. The reason why he was late is that it was raining hard.Why we decided to put off the meeting is that the weather was too bad.5.当主语是表示建议，命令，要求，计划（suggestion, advice, order, request, proposal, plan）等名词时，表语从句用 should +do的虚拟。should可省略。常见的词有：advice，suggestion，order，request，proposal，plan，idea等。My suggestion is that we （should） start early tomorrow. My suggestion is that we (should) go and help them.五、例题精析：考题1 The traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案 D解析 下划线处之后是包含一个原因状语从句的表语从句， 如果看不出它是充当整个句子结构的表语从句将难以把握整个句子的意思。因此， 应选择可引导名词性从句且不充当任何成分的that。考题2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how答案 B解析 下划线处的引导词引导系动词is后的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当地点状语(“disagree”属于不及物动词， “I disagree”本身是完整的主谓结构)， 下划线应填入引导词where， 表语从句“where I disagree”的意思是“我不同意之处、 我不同意的地方”。考题3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off? (1999)A. why B. when C. what D. where答案 A解析 下划线处的引导词引导与系动词is连用的表语从句并在该表语从句中充当原因状语， 下划线应填入表示“因此”(指因某种原因所造成的结果)的引导词why。考题4 _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海)A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that答案 A解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当宾语， 特指她所不理解的事情， 应填入关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处表示“因此”(指因某种原因所造成的后果， 由why引导对应的名词性从句)而不是“为什么”(指原因、 理由， 由because引导对应的名词性从句)， 应填入引导词why。考题5 _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春)A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because答案 B解析 第一个下划线处的引导词引导主语从句并在该主语从句中充当主语， 特指令校方骄傲的事情， 应选用关系代词型的引导词what； 第二个下划线处引导表语从句表示原因、 理由， 应由that引导对应的名词性从句。考题6 Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _. (2003北京春)A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited答案 A解析 A选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的事物”； B选项的意思是“我觉得激动的任何事物”； C选项的意思是“我对它感觉的方式”； D选项的意思是“令我感觉激动的时间”。四个选项中A最适合跟代表“game”的主语that对应， 充当表语从句。六、系动词分类：根据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类：完全系动词（其后只能跟表语的动词，如be, seem）和 半系动词（其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look）例如：1） He looked sadly at the boy.(“看着”，实义动词用法)He looks a clever boy .（“看起来”，系动词用法）2） He looks at a clever boy.（“看着”，实义动词用法）在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类：A五大感官系动词：描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词。1look“看起来像是”，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。 The girl bit her lips and looked thoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去若有所思。2smell“闻起来”，后接adj.分词。 The flowers smell sweet. 这些花气味真香。3sound“听起来”，后接adj.分词。 The music sounds sweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。4taste“尝起来”，后接adj.分词。The apples taste very good. 这些苹果很好吃。5Feel “摸起来，给感觉”；“觉得”，后接adj./p.p. You will feel better after a nights sleep. 睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。B状态系动词：1be，“是”，属完全系动词。 I am a student. 我是一个学生。2seem,“似乎，好像”，完全系动词。 They seem quite happy. 他们似乎很快乐。3appear,“显得，看起来好像”，半系动词。 It appeared(to be)a true story.看来这是一个真实的故事。4keep, “保持的状态”，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。 Youd better go to bed and keep warm. 你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5remain,“仍是”，半系动词。 I remained silent. 我仍然缄默。6stay“保持（某种状态）”，半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词。 The window stayed open all the ve “证明是”，半系动词，后接adj.n. The treatment proved to be successful. 这种疗法证明是成功的。C动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。1get“变成，变得起来”，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。 The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。2fall“进入（某种状态），成为”，后常接以下形容词：asleep, lame, silent, ill, sick, flat. The old men, unable to express himself, fell silent. 那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。 My father fell ill and died. 我的父亲生病死了。3grow“渐渐变得起来，长得” Its growing warm. 天气渐渐暖和起来了。4turn“转变成（新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质），变质（色）”。 Maple trees turn red in autumn. 枫叶在秋天变红了。 It was cloudy this morning, but fortunately it has turned fine. 5go “变成（某种坏的状态）” The telephone has gone dead. 电话不通了。 The material has gone a funny colour. 这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。 go之后常接的adj. 还有：bad, blind, wild, wrong, sour, hard, hungry, mad, red, with, anger, white, pale, blue, grey.6become“变成，成为（好坏均可的情况）”I became interested in drawing. 我开始对素描感兴趣了。 He became angry with me. 他对我生气了。 They became good friends. 他们成了好朋友。7come “变成为（已知的状态），证实为”，后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。His wish to become a pilot has come true. 他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。If you look into the matter, everything will come clear. 如果你调查一下这事，一切都会清楚。Come后面常接的形容词还有：apart, dear（昂贵），natural, open, short, right（好了），unstuck（没有粘住），untied（松开）。8run“变成”，后接adj. The price ran high. 价格上升了。9make “达到某种状态后接形容词，如sure, certain, merry, bold, free We must make certain of facts.我们一定要弄清事实。D双谓语系动词：此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保留原实义动词本身的含义。The run rose red.太阳升起红艳艳。She stopped and stood quite still.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。The snow lay thick on the ground. 雪厚厚地堆积在地上。He married young. 他结婚很早。He continued silent.他继续沉默不语。A、主语从句练习题1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s _you left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there4The problem is _to take the place of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.A. that B. if C. whether D.不填6. The reason is _I missed the bus.A. that B. when C. why D. what7. That is _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9.I fell sick!-I think it is _ you are doing too much.A. why B. when C. what D. because10. The reason why he hasnt come is _.A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being illC. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why13_your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are14. The trouble is _we are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that15. America was _was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where16. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer_ .A. what it used to be B. what it was used to beingC. what it used to being D. what it was used to be17. _he really means is _he disagrees with us.A. What that B. That whatC. What what D. That what18. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such19. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that_ you had a few days off？ A. why B .what C. when D. where20. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella _I got wet through. A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how21. See the flags on top of the building? That was _ we did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. what22. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats _.A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited23. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（2004湖北）A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way whichB、高考真题 1、Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doerwhich is_ he never finishes anything. A that B when C where D why 2、Id like to start my own businessthats _ Id do if I had the money. A why B when C which D what 3、 Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novelDavid Copperfieldwas _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A what B that C why D whether 4、One reason for her preference for city life is _she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.A. that B. how C. what D. why 5、I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. A where B how C when D what 6、The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother.A. where B. what C. how D. who 7、The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 8、The brave national spirits showed in the film The Flowers of War are _deeply moved the audience. A. which B. that C. what D. who 9、Country life gives me peace and quiet, which is _I cant enjoy while living in a big city. A. that B. what C. why D. where 10、The strange thing about Nicholas is _he taught himself to read before he could speak. A. what B. that C. whether D. if 11、Id rather not play tennis. Its not _I dont like playing with you,but Im worn out. A. that B. when C. why D. whether 12、My high school friend , _ I havent seen for 20 years , is no longer _ he was. A. who ; that B. which ; that C. whom ; what D. that ; what 13、One of the glorious moments in my school life was _ I was awar