非限制性定语从句.doc

非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句的主要区别是_1 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who,whom.指物时用which. Whose 既可用来指人也可用来指物。 注意：非限制定语从句中不能用that I like the picture, which was bought yesterday.。 I like the picture which / that was bought yesterday. 2 引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when,where, 先行词指时间并在定语从句中充当时间状语时用when.指地点并且在定语从句中充当地点状语时用where注意： 非限制性定语从句不能用why引导。要用for which代替why。如： I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.I had told them the reason why I didnt attend the meeting.3 which 引导非限制定语从句，可以指代前面的整个句子 He lost my bike,which made me unhappy.4 as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected.众所周知：（1）（2）（3） 与限制性定语从句相比，非限制性定语从句有以下几个特点： 1. 从形式上看，非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开；而限制性定语从句常常紧跟在先行词之后。如： She has found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago. 她已经找到了两周前丢的项链。 Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. 昨天我遇到了李平，他好像很忙。 2. 从定语从句与先行词的关系来看，限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义了，因此从句和主句的关系十分密切；而非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作一些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。如： This is the man who came to see you yesterday. 这就是昨天来看你的那个人。（注：如果去掉定语从句，主句就成了“This is the man”，可见意思不完整了） Tom, who is in the office, wants to tell you something. 汤姆在办公室里，他要告诉你一些事。（注：主句是“Tom wants to tell you something”，可见，即使删去从句，也不会影响句子的原意。） 3. 从翻译上来看，限制性定语从句译成汉语时，通常和主句放在一起译成一句话，从句的句尾有“的”字；而非限制性定语从句译成汉语时，一般用并列句表达，也可以单独译成一句话。如： The boy who broke the window is called John. 打坏窗户的那个男孩叫约翰。 Yesterday I met Li Ping, who looked very tired. 昨天我遇到了李平，他看上去很疲惫。 4. 从对含义的理解上来看，限制性定语从句修饰的先行词只代表先行词所包含的人或物中的一部分，不能代指全部；而非限制性定语从句则可修饰先行词的全部内容。如： He has a brother who is a doctor. 他有一个当医生的兄弟。（注：也许不止一个兄弟，其余的不一定是医生） He has a brother, who is a doctor. 他有一个兄弟，是当医生的。（注：他只有一个兄弟，而且是个医生） 5. 从关系词的使用上来看，非限制性定语从句不能用关系代词that引导；此外whom作宾语引导非限制性定语从句时，不可用who或that替代。如： The lawyer whom/ who/ that I met yesterday gave me some useful advice.我昨天见到的那位律师给了我一些有用的建议。The lawyer, whom I met yesterday, gave me some useful advice. 我昨天见到了那位律师，他给了我一些有用的建议。6. 从关系词的省略上来看，非限制性定语从句的关系词一般不能省略；而在限制性定语从句中，关系代词that, who, which在从句中作宾语时可以省略 He is the great man (whom/ who/ that) we all respect. 他就是我们大家所尊敬的那位伟人。（注：关系代词在从句中担当宾语，可以省略）He is the great man, whom we all respect. 他就是那位伟人，我们都很尊敬他。（注：此处为非限制性定语从句，只能用whom来引导，且不可省略）练习：一用正确的关系代词或关系副词填空1 Tom won the first prize,_everyone knows2 Yesterday I meet Ling Ping,_seemed to be very busy3 Our teacher,_wife is a nurse,is very strict with us4 She sang a new song,_we liked very much5 He lost my bike,_made me unhappy6 I dont know the reason_he was late for the class7 The house_I lived ten years ago has been pulled down8 The reason,_he looks unhappy today,is unkown to us二选择1.She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A.itB.whichC.this D.that 2.The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect.A.whatB.which C.that D.it 3.Carol said the work would be done by October,personally I doubt very much. A. it B.that C.when D.which 4.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy. AwhoBwhichCthisDwhat 5.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable. A.which priceB.its price C.the price of which D.the price of whose6.He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English. A.this B.which C.that D.same7.on the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue. A.whose B.of which C.which D.its8.Whenever I met him , _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile. A.what B.which C.that D.when9I, _ your best friend, will try my best to help you.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am10These articles are written in simple language, _ makes it easy to read.A. that B. this C. which D. it11. The doctor, _ helped the engineer manage to invent a new instrument, was praised. A. that B. with whose C. who D. whom12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry.A. which B. it C. that D. what13. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives.A. which B. that C. who D. where14. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin.A. that B. as C. who D. what15. He has two sons, _ work as chemists.A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom16. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned.A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom17. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, _ much help for knowing space.A. which we think it is B. which we think are of C. of which we think is D. I think which is of18 He studied hard at school when he was yound,_leads to his success in his later lifeA what B which C that C so that19 I have many friends,_some are busine