【2016两会中英双语介绍】 中国的立法体制和法律体系(节选).doc

中国的立法体制和法律体系（节选） Chinas Legislative System & Legal System来源： 中国人大网/pc/12_4/2016-02/01/content_1962140.htm文本并非完全中英对照 | 因原网页排版及转载问题，文本内容因供参考 CATTI 考试资料与资讯 整理（一）中国的立法体制(1) Chinas Legislative System中国是统一的多民族的单一制国家，地域辽阔，各地经济、文化、社会发展很不平衡，为保证国家法制的统一，又适应各地区的特点和差异，充分调动中央和地方两个积极性，中国实行统一而又分层次的立法体制。China is aunifiedmulti-ethnic nation witha unitary political system. To ensure that the legal system remain unified andadaptat the same timetotheuneveneconomic, political and cultural development of different areas, China practices a unified, multi-level legislative system.全国人民代表大会和全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使国家立法权。-The NPC and its Standing Committee exercisethe state power to make laws.国务院根据宪法和法律，制定行政法规，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。-The State Council formulates administrative regulations in accordance with the Constitution and other laws andreports them to the NPC for records.省、自治区、直辖市的人民代表大会及其常务委员会，根据本行政区域的具体情况和实际需要，在不同宪法、法律、行政法规相抵触的前提下，可以制定地方性法规，报全国人民代表大会常务委员会和国务院备案。- In line withspecific conditions and actual needsof their administrative regions and on condition that they do not violate the Constitution or other state laws and administrative regulations, the peoples congresses of provinces, autonomous regions andmunicipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as their standing committees, may work out local statutes and report them to the NPC Standing Committee and the State Council for records.民族自治地方的人民代表大会有权依照当地民族的政治、经济和文化的特点，制定自治条例和单行条例。-The peoples congresses of national autonomous areas have the power to formulate regulations concerning autonomy and local needs in light of their own local political, economic and cultural conditions.在中国统一而又分层次的立法体制中，不同层次法律规范的效力是不同的。宪法具有最高效力，一切法律、行政法规、地方性法规、自治条例和单行条例等都不得同宪法相抵触。In Chinas multi-level legislative system, laws promulgated at different levels have different effects. The Constitution hasthe highest legal validity,and no other laws, administrative regulations, local statutes, regulations concerning autonomy and local needs, or other regulations shall contravene the Constitution.法律的效力高于行政法规、地方性法规等。行政法规的效力高于地方性法规等。State lawshave greater forcethan administrative regulations,local statutesand regulations. State administrative regulations have greater force than local statutes and regulations.全国人民代表大会有权改变或者撤销它的常务委员会制定的不适当的法律。The NPC has the power toalter or annulany inappropriate laws enacted by its Standing Committee.（二）中国特色社会主义法律体系(2) Chinas Legal System中国特色社会主义法律体系，以宪法为统帅，以宪法相关法、民法商法、行政法、经济法、社会法、刑法、诉讼与非诉讼程序法等多个法律部门的法律为主干，由法律、行政法规、地方性法规等多个层次法律规范构成。Chinas legal system covers laws that fall under seven categories and three different levels. The seven categories are the Constitution and Constitution-related, civil and commercial, administrative, economic, social, and criminal laws and laws on lawsuit and non-lawsuit procedures. The three different levels arestate laws, administrative regulations andlocal statutes.在宪法相关法方面，制定了全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法、全国人民代表大会组织法、国务院组织法、地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法、人民法院组织法、人民检察院组织法等有关选举制度和国家机构的法律；制定了民族区域自治法、香港特别行政区基本法、澳门特别行政区基本法、村民委员会组织法和城市居民委员会组织法等有关民族区域自治制度、特别行政区制度、基层群众自治制度的法律等。-Concerning the Constitution and Constitution-related laws, in addition to adopting the current Constitution and its four amendments, China has also enacted the Electoral Law, Law on Deputies to the NPC and to Local Peoples Congresses, and a number oforganic laws for state organs, the Legislative Law, the Supervision Law and other laws related to state organs. China has also enacted laws concerning systems for regional ethnic autonomy, special administrative regions andgrassroots-level mass self-governance:principally the Law on the Autonomy ofEthnic Minority Regions, the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region, the Organic Law of Villagers Committees and the Organic Law of Urban Neighborhood Committees.在民法商法方面，制定了民法通则、物权法、合同法、侵权责任法、拍卖法、商标法、专利法、著作权法、婚姻法、继承法、收养法、涉外民事关系法律适用法等调整平等主体的公民之间、法人之间和公民与法人相互之间的财产关系和人身关系的法律；制定了公司法、合法企业法、个人独资企业法、证券法、保险法、票据法、商业银行法、海商法、信托法等有关社会平等主体间商事关系的法律等。-With regard tocivil and commercial laws, China has enacted laws concerning property and personal relations between individual entities with equal standing in society. These principally include the General Principles of Civil Law, the Contract Law, the Guarantee Law, the Auction Law, the Trademark Law, the Patent Law, the Copyright Law, the Marriage Law, the Inheritance Law, and the Adoption Law. China also enacted laws concerning commercial relations between individual entities with equal standing in society: principally the Company Law, the Partnership Law, the Law on Single Investor Enterprises, the Securities Law, the Insurance Law, the Negotiable Instruments Law, the Commercial Banking Law, the Maritime law and the Trust Law.在行政法方面，制定了居民身份证法、治安管理处罚法、突发事件应对法、行政处罚法、行政许可法、行政强制法、教育法、科技进步法、传染病防治法、药品管理法、食品安全法、出境入境管理法等有关国家行政管理的法律；制定了行政监察法、行政复议法等有关监督行政管理活动的法律-Concerning administrative laws,China has enacted laws concerning state administration: principally the Regulations on Administrative Penalties Concerning Law Enforcement,the Administrative Punishment Law,the Administrative Licensing Law, the National Defense Law, the Government Procurement Law, the Education Law, the Law on Scientific and Technological Progress, the Law on Preventing and Controlling Communicable Diseases and the Environmental Protection Law. China has also enacted laws related to supervision of administrative activities: mainly the Law on Administrative Supervision and the Law on Administrative Reconsideration.在经济法方面，制定了预算法、审计法、中国人民银行法、价格法等有关宏观经济调控的法律；制定了企业所得税法、个人所得税法、车船税法、税收征管法等有关税收的法律；制定了反垄断法、产品质量法、广告法等有关维护市场秩序的法律；-With regard to economic laws, China has enacted laws concerning macro-economic controls, principally the Budget Law, the Audit Law, the Law on the Peoples Bank of China,the Price Law,the Personal Income Tax Law, andthe Law on Tax Collection and Management.China has enacted laws for maintaining market order: mainly the Law against Unfair Competitions, the Law on Protection of the Rights of Consumers, the Law on Product Quality and the Advertising Law. China has enacted laws regarding expansion of opening to the outside world, principally the Law on Joint Ventures with Chinese and Foreign Investment, the Law on Sino-Foreign Contract Joint Ventures, the Law on Wholly Foreign-Invested Enterprises, and the Foreign Trade Law.制定了农业法、铁路法、公路法、民航法、电力法等有关促进产业发展的法律；制定了森林法、草原法、水法、矿产资源法、土地管理法等有关保护和合理开发自然资源的法律；还制定了计量法、统计法等有关经济活动规范化的法律等。China has enacted laws to promote industrial development: mainly the Agriculture Law,the Highway Law, the Civil Aviation Law, and the Electric Power Law. China has enacted laws for protecting and rationally developing natural resources: principally the Forestry Law, the Grassland Law, the Water Law, the Mineral Resources Law, and the Law on Land Management. China has also enacted laws for standardizing economic activities: principally the Maritime Law, the Statistics Law and the Surveying Law.在社会法方面，制定了劳动法、劳动合同法、就业促进法、工会法、职业病防治法等有关劳动关系和劳动保障的法律；制定了残疾人保障法、未成年人保护法、妇女权益保护法、老年人权益保障法等有关特殊社会群体保障的法律-Concerning social laws, China has enacted laws concerning state administration: principally the Labor Law, the Trade Union Law and the Law on Mining Safety. China has also enacted laws protecting special groups in society: mainlythe Law on Security for the Disabled,the Law on Protecting Minors, the Law on Safeguarding the Rights and Interests of Wome