小麦可得分析.doc

第一部分：awintro的解读, f3 C: Y4 x% N7 注：下面所有文字均摘自我的另一篇文章“awintro的解读”，由于当时的分析已经较为详细，故直接引用，只是个别文字稍有改动。Each topic, presented in quotation marks, makes a claim about an issue that test takers can discuss fromvarious perspectives and apply to many different situations or conditions.这一点从理论上说明了任何范文只是众多入手点的其中之一，每一个题目都有着不同的切入点以及破题方案。我们不能限制住自己Be sure to read the claim carefully and think about itfrom several points of view,considering thecomplexityof ideas associated with those perspectives这点很重要，对于每个题目的分析都不能是片面的，想的复杂一些！全面要比深入更为重要。复杂！Although it is important that youaddress the central issue, you are free to take any approach you wish.让步前：告诉我们什么是最重要的-中心论点。agree absolutelywith the claim,disagree completely, oragree with some partsand not others对于立场的选择，尽管坛子里几乎已经达成共识就是要选平衡观点，但是官方无数次的强调，可以任意选，可以绝对反对，也可以绝对肯定。这在北美范文中也是也到印证的。看来官方不在乎我们的选什么态度，在乎的是如何证明我们的态度。. H% a; q7 T# k5 I) m) U以下是几个官方提供给我们做的更加充实的的入手点，还是很有价值的：questionthe assumptions the statement seems to be *8 Y, X) Z a& g4 m4 |& N质疑假设qualify any of its terms,especially if the way you define or apply a term is important to developing your perspective on the issue定义关键名词point out why the claim is validin some situationsbut not in others分情况讨论evaluate points of view thatcontrast withyour own perspective对比，主要通过比较找出自己的观点与原文的所不同的地方develop your position with reasons that are supported byseveralrelevant examples or bya single extendedexample最后这一点很重要，告诉我们如何用例子：要么用好几个例子，要么用一个可以延伸的大例子。在官方给出的范文中有这样的示范。（只用一个普通的例子是很无力的）以上每一点都够写一大段了，还愁没的写吗？# 8 Z/ W% n! The purpose of this task is to determine how well you can develop a compelling argument supporting your own perspective on an issue and toeffectively communicatethat argument in writing toan academic audience有效的交流告诉我们文章要有足够的交流性，给人沟通的感觉。这一点北美范文做得很好。比如说用疑问句阿，或者在文中假设一个反对的意见，然后去解释，都能够给人营造一个交流的气氛，而不是说教。最后一个词告诉我们我们的观众是谁-学院式的观众。这暗示着我们选取的例子虽然不用太专业，但也至少有点学术气息。我个人是很推崇以西方文明史中经典事例来的，显得很学术。实际上它是在告诉我们可以把这个作文的创作看成是一场学术报告，以这样的态度来选取事例以及语言。, d( a 4 a6 H. x# Z8 F* R* F. q+ K# A6 t6 d$ n- J0 xthe Issue task is meant to assess the persuasive writing skills that you have developedthroughout your education他在考我们大学这几年的收获。可能有的人会说纯属扯淡，考的无非就是30天左右的准备过程。我想说的是，官方的说法还是有一定道理的，比如我们专业学物理比较多，大学物理里的核心其实就是一种思维方式，所以很多题目我看到以后就很兴奋，因为都是平时上课时思考过的，尤其在量子物理近代物理那部分的发展过程，留心的话还是很多话题的来源。如果各位找不到这样的感觉，至少它暗示着我们应该尽量把文章写的靠近我们的专业，更加熟悉才能够发挥得更好。他考察的是我们经过这几年的学习在思维方式有哪些收获。Suppose, for instance, that an Issue topic asks you to consider whether it is important for government to provide financial support for art museums. If your position is that government should fund art museums, you might support your position by discussingthe reasons art is importantand explain that museums are public places where art is available to anyone.这不就是著名的三段论吗，看来官方对于这样的论证体系是很推崇的。+ c0 H- l7 w0 ?% + A# n, 4 V1 think about the issue in relation toyour ownideas and experiences, to eventsyouhave read aboutor observed, and to peopleyouhave known这里没有说要多牛的例子，但一再强调必须要是我们熟知的。最简单的就是用本专业的例子了。这里没有说我们需要为了准备这样的一个考试而去专门搜集例子，实际上它在暗示，用现在已经拥有的知识储备就足够了，后面会说到，重要的不是例子本身，而是如何用例子去论证。所以，放心的用本专业的例子吧！既省时间又达到目的，还能避免雷同！) m( c) U7 R: W; m: a( vdecide what position on the issue you want to take and defendrememberyou are free to agree ordisagree completely or to agree with some parts or some applicationsbut not others再一次强调了立场没有必要非是平衡观点。9 n5 Q1 6 Z- V2 x; What exampleseither real or hypotheticalcould I use to illustrate those reasons and advancemy point of view?给我们指出了一条新路，那就是例子可以是假设的情况！比如说反证法，甚至凭空假设一个，只要它能够在常识的基础上为我们的论证提供有力的支撑。6 g6 p& Q& Q( B+ F, R0 lOnce you have decided on a position to defend, consider the perspective of others whomight not agree with your position. Ask yourself: What reasons might someone use torefute or underminemy position? How should Iacknowledge or defendagainst those views in my essay?这里又给我们指出了一条路，那就是要考虑到别人会如何攻击我们的弱点，很显然，靠这个我们就可以再写出一段，先假设别人也许会怎么样攻击，再阐述我对此的解释。这样显得论证很完美，无懈可击。同时还增加了字数。 . k! i+ d8 Z9 X( TReaders will see, for example, some Issue responses at the6 scorelevel that begin bybriefly summarizingthe writers position on the issue and then explicitly announcing the main points to be argued.They will see others that lead into the writers position by * a prediction, asking a series of questions, describing a scenario, or defining critical terms in the quotation.这里已经明确的说明了满分文章开头的特质：简短复述加清晰立场。1 d4 E* F- t& cThe readers know that a writer can earn a high score by givingmultiple examplesor by presenting asingle, extendedexample.再次点明了例子要举什么形式的。- s- R# j, e3 m8 b, Q7 J6 V* J$ m1 v% I+ P! y2 l: OWhat matters is not the number of examples, the number of paragraphs, or the form your argument takes but, rather, thecogency of your ideasabout the issue andthe clarityandskillwith which you communicate those ideasto academic readers.这里说明了考官看中的是什么。以及关键是我们的读者对象是什么。2 A$ d) t1 J/ $ u8 7 X$ YThere are several basic positions you could take on this issue: Yes, society needs more generalists and places too high a value on specialists. No, the opposite is true. Or, it depends on various factors. Or, both groups are important in todays culture;neither is overvalued再一次的强调观点是无所谓的。哪怕是大名鼎鼎的平衡观点，也不会更加显得好。（尽管是这样，我们还是更加推荐平衡观点，倒不是因为它更好，而是因为更简单操作，有更强的普适性，能让我们说出更多的话）Now you can organize your thoughts into two groups:0 C8 I; M% e) nReasons and examples tosupport the claim；Reasons and examplesto support an opposing point of viewIf you find one view clearly more persuasive than the other, consider developing an argument from that perspective. As you build your argument,keep in mind the other points, which you could argue against.If both groups have compelling points, considerdeveloping a position supporting, not the stated claim, but a more limited or more complex claim.Then you can use reasons and examples from