【写作辅导】四级写作指导及作文模板.doc

众所周知，作为一门语言，英文和汉语一样，讲究“听说读写”四大基本项目。从技术上讲，“说”和“写”属于主动的、输出的量，相反，“听”和 “读”属于被动、输入的量。因此，中国学生特别擅长于普通的听和读，而提到口语和写作就略有惭色了。鉴于此种现状，笔者将针对其中“写”的部分尤其是四级写作作一小议。“写”的基础先知先觉，稳扎稳打我们知道，大学英语四级考试中有一项是“写作”，因此“四级作文”这一概念应运而生。因此，要想将四级作文写好，关键要看出题者的用意何在。把握住了这一点，亦即命题的角度，也就相当于为这条陌生的道路指明了方向。根据历年作文的命题角度的不同，我们大致可将四级作文分成五种类型：双刃剑型、问题-解决型、提纲式、应用文、图表型。下面分别作以简要介绍：1. 双刃剑型：亦即“是非型”，就是针对某一种社会现象，我们要谈出一些人的正面观点以及另一部分人的负面观点，最后不免还要写一些自己的看法和打算。另外，它还有一个显著的标志，就是题目大多数为一般疑问句以及选择疑问句。对于这类文章，我们直接按照提纲的指示，将这个“正面”、“负面”“自己”的观点分列三个自然段，详加阐述就可以了。2. 问题-解决型：这种类型的作文，题目大多以社会热点问题，以及由How引导的特殊疑问句的形式出现，旨在考察学生对于社会问题描述、分析、评价以及解决的能力。因此，我们可以从问题的现象、现状、原因、影响、解决以及意义六个方面加以考虑和练习。当然这只是一个大的原则，考试不可能将六个方面都考遍。写的时候，具体情况具体分析，将提纲规定的内容依次写进去。对于没有考察到的内容，可以根据篇幅的长短适当加以补充。3. 提纲式：现在的四级考试，作文题目基本上都有一个或中文或英文的“提纲”作为导向，因此可以说，几乎所有的四级作文都属于“提纲式作文”；然而，在这里的“提纲式” 指的是“狭义上的提纲式作文”即那些提纲之间没有什么逻辑联系的作文。因而，我们只需按照提纲所给定的内容和顺序去写即可。4. 应用文：应用文写作是21世纪以来四、六级考试命题的一个新趋势，也成为许多同学的头痛所在。其实应用文并不像同学们想象的那么可怕，同学们只须把握住这样两个原则：一、四级考试中出现的应用文多以书信为主；二、书信中多以个人书信为主。从历年命题的方向看，它大体可以分为三种：建议性、说明性以及表扬/批评性。无论是属于哪一种类型，它们的区别只是内容上的，而非形式上的。从这个角度看，应用文和普通的文章没什么两样。所以，同学们可以针对这三个方面去做准备。5. 图表型：目前四、六级考试正在逐渐向雅思考试靠拢，而雅思考试每次必考图表型作文，由此也可以看出图表型作文在四、六级考试中的重要性。在写这种类型作文的时候要注意，不要过分地引用图表中的数据，而要尽量地发现数据变化的趋势和原因，从而得出结论，最后再加以总结。“写”出特色掩卷静思，文心雕龙特色是建立在基础之上的。如果想让文章生动一些，可以适当的加一些点缀性的文字。比如：有很多同学在写应用文结尾的“盼望复信”的时候，喜欢写I am looking forward to your reply。这样写本无伤大雅，但是如果能再添一笔就更好了，结尾加上一个at your earliest convenience，变成“在你最方便的时候，请尽快复信”，显得文章更加有文采。再如，在写双刃剑型的文章的时候，有的同学可能会用同样的方法来写正面和反面的观点。其实如果你悉心留意身边的英语新闻，你会发现有一个词在新闻中十分常见approval（支持）；因此，在写反面观点的时候，你可以说“Nevertheless, other people express cautious approval of”(然而，其他人对持谨慎的支持态度）。再者，如果想表达“今天下午没有人来过办公室”，一般人都能想到说“Nobody has been in the office”；但是，如果能用一个不起眼的形容词single加以修饰，则能使整个句子变得十分生动（Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon）。这样，你的文章又会上一个档次。“写”得精彩波澜老成，入木三分有许多同学很关心如何将四级作文写得再精彩一些。这种功夫不是一天就可以练就的，这需要我们对于身边精彩的英文用法有一个长期的积累。这里仅以修辞手法中的比喻和借喻为例。比如，谈到长城，有人说它雄伟，那么在描述的时候，可以略加修饰，majestic as a lion（像狮子一样雄伟），这样一来，就能强烈的烘托出雄伟的气势。除了这种动物上的借喻，我们还可以用一些圣经以及希腊神话中的典故。比如wise as Solomon（像所罗门一样聪颖过人）、Pandoras box（潘多拉宝盒，指会带来不幸的礼物或灾难的渊薮）、Achilless heel（阿基里斯之踵,指致命的弱点）等。“写”在细节大处着眼，小处着手天下之事，必做于细。文章亦然。比如说，句与句之间是需要衔接的，那些“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”方面的过渡词是文章中必不可少的润滑剂；像as这样的小词，背后都有丰富的用法，所以有时也会表示一些不太常用的意思，比如：Aggressive as he is, Tom is a intelligent boy.（尽管汤姆言行放肆，他还是一个很聪明的人），类似的和还有of、to等等。再细一些，可以细到卷面书写上。比如，一个很长的单词在一行的末尾写不完，则要在上一行邻近的音节处打一个连字符“-”，再在下一行写出其他的音节。另外，卷面的字迹也要清楚，以方便老师查阅卷。写作是一个长期积累的过程，但这不代表写作水平不可以提高。作为一名写作老师，我相信，只要掌握了方法和要领，坚持练习，注意留心身边的英语，写作之星一定非你莫属！开头的好句子.There is a general discussion today about the issue of./ Currently there is a wide spread concern on. 现在对于存在广泛的讨论/关注。2.Now a growing number of people are coming to realize/ More and more are realizing/ have come to realize. 现在越来越多的人逐渐/已经开始意识到3.Recently/ In recent years, the phenomenon / issue/ problem of . has been brought into focus/ aroused publics attention/ become a heated topic / been in the limelight. 近年来，现象/问题成为公众关注的焦点。4.With (the rapid/ steady/ amazing development of)., people begin to./ there arouse a heated debate as to. 随着（的稳定/快速/惊人的发展），人们开始/出现了对的热烈讨论。5.Nowadays, our society is witnessing more and more. 目前，社会上有越来越多的6.When asked., a great majority of people / most people. But I think quite differently. 当被问及大多数人但是我有不同的看法。7.When it comes to./When faced with / In face of ., quite a few people claim that., while other people argue that. 当谈及/面对，相当一部分人相信然而也有一些人认为8.Now, it is commonly/ generally/widely believed / acknowledged/ accepted that. 现在，人们普遍认为/承认/接受9.Nowadays, there is no argument as to.Some people. while others may. 现在对于人们看法不一致。一些人然而另一些人10.Most people used to./ In the past .But many people dont share this view any more. 大多数人过去/过去现在好多人不再这样认为。 英语四级作文模板大全一、说明原因型模块Currently, XX has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory nothing is more valuable than XX It is clear that (1). If you (2), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (3).Failure will be following with you. It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that (4).You dont have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (5).It will exert a profound influence upon (6).With reference to my standpoint, I think (7).注释：1、XX的第一个优点2、支持XX的做法3、不支持XX的做法4、XX的第二个优点5、举例证明优点二6、说明XX优点三的影响相应作文：The importance of self-confidence Currently, self-confidence has been the order of the day. This does demonstrate the theory nothing is more valuable than self-confidence. It is clear that (self-confidence means trust in ones abilities). If you (are full of self-confidence, it will bring your creative power to play, arouse your enthusiasm for work, and help you overcome difficulties), as a result, your dreams will come true. On the contrary, if you (have no confidence in yourself, there is little possibility that you would ever achieve anything ). Failure will be following with you。It turns out that all your plan falls through. No one can deny another fact that (self-confidence gives you light when you are in dark and encouragement when you are dismayed).You dont have to look very far to find out the truth, in respect that we all know (the secret of MMe. Curie lies in perseverance and self-confidence, the latter in particular). It will exert a profound influence upon (the achievement of ones ambitions). With reference to my standpoint, I think (he that can have self-confidence can have what he will).二、说明原因型模块In recent years, XX has caused a heated debate on (1). The factors for (2).First of all, (3).Then, there comes a case that (4). Moreover, (5). Especially when (6).Indeed, these unique points can be collected the remind people that (7).In this way, we should behave just like (8).相应作文：The impact of Television In recent years, with the development of science and technology, 80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV, offering as many as 50 channels. It has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children). Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children. The factors for (parents worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it.).First of all, (with so many programs to choose from, children are not getting as much exercise as they should ).Then, there comes a case that (some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ). Moreover, (the effect on childrens minds are more serious than the effect on childrens bodies). Especially when (the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them).Indeed, these unique points can be connected to remind parents that (they should pay close attention to and responsibilities for supervising their childrens TV viewing).In this way, children will not be influenced too deeply.三、说明原因型模块For most of us today, (1). From above, we can find that the reasons why (2)are as follows.The primary reason, I think, is (3).Second, (4). The third reason, actually, is (5). The significance for (6). Therefore, (7).注释：1、人们针对XX的态度和举措2、归纳现状3、第一个原因4、第二个原因5、第三个原因6、重申造成现状的最重要原因相应作文：Pollution Most of us today (recognize that environmental pollution has been a greatly serious problem. lots of plants trees corps are destroyed by bad air. many fish die of poisonous water. thousands of people die from eating poisoned fish or breathing in gas. therefore, environmental pollution should be responsible for these diseases that are disabling, or bringing death not only to human beings, but also to wild life.)From above, we can find that the reasons why (environment are polluted more and more seriously)are as follows. the primary reason, I think, is (the re