状语从句复习.doc

高考复习之状语从句专题讲座状语从句 状语从句是每年高考单项填空部分必考的题目之一。考查的重点是考生容易混淆较近似的连词在逻辑行文和语篇结构中的使用。常见的9种状语从句和连接词如下：时间状语从句: when, while, as, once before, after, as soon as, till, until, notuntil, the first/second/last time, the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan 地点状语从句:where, wherever 原因状语从句:because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that; in that 条件状语从句: if, unless, now (that), as(so) long as, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing, provided/providing 让步状语从句:although, though, even though/if, as, while, no matter which/what/when/where/who/how, whichever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whenever, however, whetheror； for all (that) ; In spite of the fact that.结果状语从句: so that, sothat, suchthat 目的状语从句:so that, in case, for fear that, lest 方式状语从句:how, as, just as; as if/as though 比较状语从句:than, asas, not so/asas, the +比较级, the +比较级 状语从句有九种， 时地原因条状补，目比结果方让步，连词引导各不同；主句通常前面走， 连词引导紧随后，从句若在主前头， 主从之间有个逗。一、时间状语从句问题1:1. (04北京春) We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before2. (02上海) He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder. A. as B. until C. while D. when3. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. A. where B. when C. that D. until4. (05福建) Did Jack come back early last night? Yes. It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home. A. Before B. when C. thatD. until5. (06辽宁) He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while连接词when的用法小结1. when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。如： When the film ended, the people went back. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.2. 可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：Somebody was doing something when + 一般过去时 正在.突然.was about to do sth when + 一般过去时 正要这时突然was on the point of doing sth. When + 一般过去时 刚要这时突然had done sth when + 一般过去时 刚刚这时突然Hardly/Scarcely + had done .when +一般过去时 一.就.3. 还可以表示原因“既然”，相当于since; considering that。如：It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes .问题2:6. (06天津) The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, _ the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A. since B. when C. as D. while7. (04年江苏) _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless连接词while的用法小结 1. while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如： Please dont talk so loud while others are working. 2. while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。 3. while可表示尽管，相当于although。连接词when, while, as的用法区别：1 while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也 可以是表短暂性动作的动词。如：When/While he was eating his breakfast, he heard the doorbell ring. When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. (不可用 while)2从句动作发生在主句动作之前时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。如： When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3表示“随着”，连词用as，不用when或while。如： As the election approached, the violence got worse.4如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动作的进行 时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when, while 与as 可互换使用。如： When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.问题3:1. (01北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? Yes. I gave it to her _ I saw her. A. whileB. the moment C. suddenlyD. once2. (1998上海) I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the first time3. _ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had heD. Hardly he had 小结：1一些词，如the moment, the minute, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan等也可引导一个时 间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。 I didnt wait a moment, but came immediately you called.2一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。 The day he returned home, his father was already dead. Next time you come, please bring your composition.3. 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必 须用部分倒装结构。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.问题4:1. (03北京春) Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when2. (03上海) A good storyteller must be able to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then小结：till, until和notuntil：1.until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词 是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所 表示的时间，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如： We waited until he came. 2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如： He wont go to bed till/until she returns.3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法： It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.问题5:1. (03年北京) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse. A. until B. when C. before D. as2. (04福建) Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients. A. since B. after C. before D. when3. (06四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room_I could say a word. A. before B. untilC. whenD. after4. (05北京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. A. before B. since C. after D. because 连接词before的小结：(一)、含义1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. (二)Before从句中谓语不用否定式。如： Before they reached the station, the train had gone. (三)1）句型It will be/was段时间before“还要过多久才” 如：It will be two years before he leaves the country. 2）句型It will be/was not一段时间before“不多久就” 如： It wasnt two years before he left the country. 3）句型It is段时间since时间的计算一律从since从句的 动作完成或状态结束时算起。如： It is three years since she was in the army. It is three years since she joined the army. (四)、几种句子的比较It is two hours _ he came back. It was two hours _ he came back.It will be two hours _ he comes back. It was two oclock _ he came back.It was at two oclock _ he came back. A. that B. when C. sine D. before 二、条件状语从句问题1：1、The WTO cannot live up to its name _ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全国）Aas long as BwhileCif Deven though2、 It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly, you wont keep good health. （05重庆卷） A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。问题2：1、_ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季） A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait. （05全国卷3） Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而论（而言）”。题1根据题意应该选用B。in case 表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。问题3 If you use your head, you have a way out.Use your head and you will have a way out.Using your head, you will have a way out. 三、让步状语从句问题1： 1、 _ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. （04江苏） A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your own. (05湖南卷） A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as though while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。问题2： 1、 He tried his best to solve the problem, _ difficult it was.（05天津卷） A. however B. no matter C. whatever D although 2、The old tower must be saved, _the cost. （05浙江） Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever no matter wh- 与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：no matter wh- 只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。如: No matter when / Whenever he comes back, he should be invited to the party.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句， No matter wh-不能。如：Whatever I can do for you will be nothing but paying a debt. Whoever can help us will be welcome.问题3：as（尽管）引导让步状语从句通常将句中状语、表语部分或动词提前，如果表语是名词，其前不加冠词。e.g.Terrible as the storm was, we continued our way. 尽管暴风雪很大，但我们还是继续赶路。Child as he was, he was able to stand on his own feet. 尽管他是个孩子，他已经能够独立地生活了。Try as she might, Carolina couldnt get the door open. 尽管卡罗琳娜尝试了，但还是打不开门。注：1.这种句型中，as后面仍然跟陈述句语序，不用倒装。 2.表语部分如有冠词，要将其省略。四、地点状语从句1、地点状语从句的位置Vi + where/wherever Vt + O + where/wherever .Be + P.P + where/wherever Whrere., + 主句Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet. 武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。 Youd better make a mark where you have a question. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre. ( 97 ) A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when2、对比训练He found his watch _ he had lost He found his watch _ he had lost it. A. that B. what C. where D. when 五、原因状语从句1because, since/now that , as, for的区别（1）在这四个连词中，because语气最强，它引导的从句表达的是未知的新信息，也是该主从复合句中的焦点，一般都置于主句之后（也可以放在主句之前，用逗号隔开）。在回答”why”引导的特殊疑问句时，一般只能用because；在强调结构”It is/was that ”中，也只能用because。（2）since/now that和as语气不如because强，as的语气最弱。他们引导的从句大多置于句首，有时放在主句之后（as从句在复合句中的位置更为灵活），表达的往往是已知信息，即所指的原因是人们已知的客观事实，所以，复合句的重心在主句，不在从句。（3）for的语气不及because, since, as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。如：It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 2 关于in that 的常见句型A differ from B in that A be different from B in that A be similar to B in that 六、结果状语从句: 常用连词有so that, sothat, suchthat，结果状语放在主句之后。需要注意的是：so修饰形容词或者副词以及many, much, little和few，such修饰名词；so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中的谓语动词需要被情态动词修饰；引导结果状语从句时不用情态动词。问题1This is so heavy a stone _ no one can lift.This is so heavy a stone _ no one can lift it. A . that B. which C. as D. what 七、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有：（1）so that, in order that，两者都表“以便；为了”，所引导的目的状语从句中的谓语需要用情态动词修饰，so that引导的目的状语从句只能置于主句之后，而in order that前后均可；（2）for fear that, in case以及lest意思是“万一”，引导的目的状语从句的中谓语可以用陈述语气也可用“should+动词原形”。八、比较状语从句比较状语从句 常见的从属连词有:asas, not so (as)as, than等.注意:在表达倍数时,可用三种句型:1)A+倍数+比较级+than B 如:This building is twice taller than that one.2)A+倍数+as原级as+B 如: This building is three times as tall as that one.3)A+倍数+the size(height, weight, length etc.) +of B 如:This building is three times the size of that one.(2) 三种句型变式:倍数+more+名词+than倍数+as many/much +名词+asAmericans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.It is reported that the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe. 九、状语从句的时态问题问题1：1、The house could fall down soon if no one_ some quick repair work. （04全国IV） A has done B is doing C does D had done 2、It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time. （05北京春季）A. before B. since C. after D. when 在条件，时间和让步从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，用一般过去时表过去将来时。在 since 引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。十、状语从句的倒装问题问题1：1、So difficult _ it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English. (01) A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel2、Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was. (95 NMET) A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况： 否定词开头； so 加 adj. 开头； as / though引导的让步状语从句。特别注意：Hardly when No sooner than Child as he is, Hardly had he got to the station when the train left. No sooner had he got to the station than the train left. Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages.十一、状语从句与并列句的区别问题1：1、Though he is in his sixties, _ he works as hard as a young man A. yet B. but C. and D. and yet2、 Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. (NMET02) A. so B. and C. but D. yet题1是主从复合句，所以中间不能使用并列连词 and; or; but; so 等。yet 是副词，只有 yet 可以与 though 连用。题2为并列句，而“Excuse , but ”为一固定搭配。在复习中需要细心的分析句子结构和成分。对比训练 11. _ he heard this, he got very angry. 2. I met Lucy_ I was walking along the river.3. _ a child, he lived in the countryside. A. when B. while C. as对比训练 2 1. We were about to leave_ it began to rain.2. She thought I was talking about her son, _, in fact, I was talking about my son.3. Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang. A. when B. while C. as D. during对比训练 3 1. Child _ she is, she know a lot.2. He did the experient _ he was told.3. The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper, but not _ good. A. during B. as C. so D. though E. both B and C 对比训练 4 1.He would have a look at the bookstores _ he went to town.2. We decide to finish the work on time, _ happens.3. If we work with a strong will, we overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.4. Ill give the book to _ likes English. A. whenever B. whoever C. whatever D. however对比训练 5 1. It will be years _ we meet again.2. It is ten years _ I came to this town.3. It is ten years ago _ I came to this town. A. when B. that C. before D. since对比训练 6 1._ it rains, the game will be played on time.2. _ I was twenty, I had never been away from my hometown.3. _ he were there, he couldnt help us. A. Even if B. Untill C. Till D. Unless 对比训练 7 1. Go and get your coat. It is _ you left it.2. You are free to go _ you like. A. there B. where C. wherever D. when 对比训练 8 1.The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read it.2. The article is written in such easy English_ all of us can read. A. that B. which C. as D. so that 对比训练 9 1.If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ great it is.2. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.3. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, _ difficulty it is.4. If we work hard, we can overcome any difficulty, no matter _ difficulty it is. A. what B. how C. however D. whatever十二、状语从句中的省略现象当时间,条件,让步,方式和比较状语从句的主语与主句一致或为it 或there，且谓语动词含be动词时,从句中的主语和谓语可以一起省去。常见情况如下：(1)连接词 + 过去分词 Dont speak until spoken to. Pressure can be increased when needed. Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use. (2)连词 + 现在分词 Look out while crossing the street. (3)连词 + 形容词/其他 常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。1. When_, the museum will he open to the public next year. （2002上海春招） A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed2. The research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it. （2002广东） A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun3. Generally speaking, _ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. （2003上海） A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken4. Unless_ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. （2003上海春招） A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited5.It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss. （2004全国IV）A. questioning B. have questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned6. When_ help, one often says “ Thank you. ” or “ It s kind of you. ” （2005福建） Aoffering Bto offer Cto be offered Doffered 7. No matter how frequently , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. （2006广东卷）A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed8. Who should be responsible for the accident?The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order .（福建08）A. as toldB. as are told C. as tellingD. as they told 9. Every evening after dinner, if not from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. （09湖南） A. being tiredB. tiring C. tired D. to be tired 10.Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. (全国卷II)A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised历届高考试题中的状语从句（94-2010）1. How long has this bookshop been in business?_ 1982. ( 94 )A. AfterB. InC. FromD. Since2. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _ Father was away in France. ( 94 ) A. asB. thatC. duringD. if3. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is. ( 95 ) A. whatB. howC. howeverD. whatever4.