中考英语(人教版)考点知识拓展：第10+八年级(下)Units+1-2.doc

第10讲八年级(下)Units 12一词语拓展1foot(n.)feet(复数)脚；足2lie(v.)lay(过去式)lying(现在分词)躺3tooth(n.)teeth(复数)toothache(n.)牙痛dentist(n.)牙医4her(pron.)herself(反身代词)她自己5our(pron.)ourselves(反身代词)我们自己6knife(n.)knives(复数)刀7importance(n.)important(adj.)重要的unimportant(反义词)不重要的8decide(v.)decision(n.)决定9death(n.)die(v.)死dead(adj.)死的10feeling(n.)feel(v.)感觉到11break(n.&v.)broken(adj.)破损的12difficulty(n.)difficult(adj.)困难的easy(adj.反义词)容易的13excited(adj.)exciting(adj.)令人兴奋的14kind(n.&adj.)kindness(n.)仁慈；善良15understand(v.)understanding(adj.)善解人意的16train(v.)training(n.)训练；培训二 。短语回放1have a cold患感冒2lie down躺下3take ones temperature量体温4have a fever发烧5take breaks休息6get off下车7go to a doctor看医生8to ones surprise使惊讶的9right away立刻；马上10fall down摔倒11get into trouble陷入麻烦12be used to习惯于13run out of用光；用尽14take risks/a risk冒险15hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶16be in control of掌管；管理17be interested in对感兴趣18cut off切除19get out of离开；从出来20give up放弃21clean up打扫干净22cheer up使变得高兴起来23give out分发；散发24come up with想出；提出25give away赠送；捐赠26put off推迟27make a difference影响；有作用28set up建立；设立29take after相像30call up打电话给(某人)；征召31used to曾经；过去32care for照顾33try out参加选拔；试用34fix up修理35hand sth.out分发某物36at the age of在岁时37be excited about对感到兴奋三考点分析so.that.【典例在线】He is so young that he cant look after himself.他太小了无法照顾自己。【拓展精析】so.that.表示“如此以至于”，常引导结果状语从句。其中so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。Whats the matter？你怎么了？I have a cold.我感冒了。【典例在线】Whats the matter with him？他哪里不舒服？He has a headache.他头痛。Whats wrong with you？你怎么了？There is nothing wrong with me.我没什么事。Is there anything wrong with your bike？你的自行有什么问题吗？Yes.It doesnt work.是的，它坏了。【拓展精析】Whats the matter (with sb.)？相当于Whats wrong (with sb.)？常用于询问病情或是遇到了何种麻烦，意为“你怎么啦？/你哪儿不舒服？/出什么事了？”表示这一意义的其他常用口语表达还有：Whats wrong？怎么了？Whats up？出什么事了？Whats the trouble？有什么麻烦吗？What happened？发生了什么事？Is there anything wrong？有什么不对劲吗？well在这里为形容词，意为“身体好”，相当于fine/healthy/fit。used to do sth.，be used to doing sth.，be used to do sth.【典例在线】He used to play basketball after school.他过去常常在放学后打篮球。The teacher is used to going to bed late.那位老师习惯于晚睡。This computer is used to control all the machines.这台电脑是用来控制所有机器的。【拓展精析】used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，指过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，现在已不再那样，侧重与现在的比较；to后用动词原形。其否定句为：usednt to或didnt use to；其疑问句为Used主语to do.？或Did主语use to do.?be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，指某动作过去不常做而现在已习惯做了，强调目前的情况；to为介词，后接名词或动名词。be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”，为被动语态。death，die，dead，dying【典例在线】It was a matter of life and death to them.对他们来说这是生死攸关的事情。His father died ten years ago.他的爸爸十年前死了。The poor man has been dead for five years.那个可怜的男子已经死了五年了。The doctor tried to save the dying boy.这个医生尽力去抢救这个生命垂危的孩子。【拓展精析】death作名词，意为“死；死亡”。die作不及物动词，强调“死”的动作，它是一个终止性动词，一般和过去时连用，不能和延续性的时间状语连用。dead是形容词，意思是“死的”，强调“死”的状态，一般作表语和定语。表示“死了多长时间”，用“have/has been deadfor时间段”或“died时间段ago”。dying是die的现在分词形式，也可作形容词，意思是“快死的”，可作表语和定语。【活学活用】2)The dog has been dead for about two months.3)His dog died two years ago.4)The police were surprised at his death5)The poor dog had no food.It was dyingexciting，excited【典例在线】I was very excited when I heard the exciting news.当我听到这个令人兴奋的消息时，我激动极了。【拓展精析】exciting意为“令人感到兴奋的”，主语通常是物或事件。excited意为“激动的；兴奋的”，主语通常是人，常用于短语be excited about中，意为“对感到兴奋的”。注意：类似此用法的词还有surprising/surprised，interesting/interested等。alone，lonely【典例在线】After his wife died，he lived alone.他的妻子死后，他一个人生活。He felt lonely after his wife died.他妻子死后，他感到很孤独。Thats a lonely island.那是一个荒凉的岛屿。【拓展精析】alone意为“独自；单独”，侧重说明(身体上的)独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩，只表示客观的状态。lonely意为“孤独的；寂寞的”，除了指出与其他人隔离这一事实之外，还强调渴望伴侣的那种孤独寂寞的感情。作定语时，还可意为“荒凉的；偏僻的”，多修饰表示物的名词。【活学活用】thanks for，thanks to【典例在线】Thanks for your letter.谢谢你的来信。Thanks for giving me water.谢谢你给我水。Thanks to your help，my English has become better.多亏你的帮助，我的英语变得更好了。【拓展精析】thanks for.意为“为某事而感谢别人”。thanks等于thank you。介词for后接名词、代词或动名词。thanks to.意为“由于；幸亏”，后接名词，相当于because of。【活学活用】8)谢谢你上星期带我参观学校。Thanks for showing me around the school last week.run out，run out of【典例在线】He ran ou