21世纪研究生英语课后答案.doc

UNIT 1Vocabulary(1) d(2) g(3) k(4) i(5) b(6) m(7) c(8) f(9) n(10) aA. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.由于殖民地与许多海外地区的大量贸易，所有欧洲重要商业国以及它们在西半球领地的金银铸币在北美东海岸都可以自由交换。由于法律不允许英国货币从英国流向殖民地，相比之下，西班牙的货币更加重要。这些货币在墨西哥城及利马铸造，再进入西班牙殖民地。西班牙币在殖民地被普遍使用，以至于这种硬币最后成为美国货币单位。虽然早在1652年马萨诸塞率先铸造低含金量的硬币，但殖民地最后转而印制纸币以补充短缺且不可靠的货币供给。著名人士的期票与签发给英国商人的汇票几个月内就能顺利转手。此外，各个殖民地的财政部门开始在收税前签发期票，同时向城镇官员下达书面命令要求当地店铺履行付款义务，如其他可转让的单据一样，这些票据经背书后可作为货币进行交换。B. Translate the following sentences into English.（1）With Chinas successful entry into the WTO, state owned banks are faced with more and more pressure. The big bank intends to merge with two small banks so as to quickly solve the problem of capital sufficiency and enlarge its scale. （2）Because of the recessionary effect on global economy and inflation, many small businesses in this city have gone bankrupt or have been swallowed up by giant corporations. It leads to a large number of workers facing unemployment.（3）He didnt marry her, because he felt that although pity was closely akin to love, they were still different. He was eager to marry for love, not pity.（4）Webbased training and learning seems to be a perfect way to reach a huge pool of potential students, as well as curtail the high infrastructure and personnel costs of traditional schooling.（5）With the growing of this towns economy, local government intends to tailor a first class nursing home for the needs of the elderly. （6）The deregulation of financial markets taken by government is very helpful to economical globalization, but, at the same time, it brings some unpleasant influences on domestic economy.（7）I wish my little brother would desist from playing network games all day,otherwise he would have to discontinue his studies.（8）One shop began to prolong the shop hours, and all other shops along the same street followed suit.（9）Following the dramatic currency depreciations in many East Asian economies in 1997, these countries suffered sharp and lingering recessions. This outcome runs counter to the notion that depreciations ought to boost output because they make domestically produced goods cheaper.UNIT 2Vocabulary(1) splashed(2) comply(3) offset(4) concessions(5) pledged(6) prohibitive(7)Astoundingly(8) undermined(9) deluded(10) tumbledA. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(1) 并非所有地区的气候都会经历同样的气候变暧的情况，有些地区会变得更干更热，然而另外一些地区则会遭遇较冷的天气。全球气候变暖可能产生的预期结果包括极地冰盖融化，海洋沿线被淹没，剧烈的暴风雨，降雨模式的改变,以及现有生态平衡的广泛变化等等。根据目前的模式,据估计在下个世纪中全球海平面将上升1595厘米。这足以把世界上三分之一人口的家园淹没。由于像蚊子一样传播疾病的昆虫的栖息地的扩大，传染性疾病也将变得越来越多，许多物种或许将不能适应如此剧烈的气候变化而最终灭绝。(2) 但是，一切都考虑进去了之后，那个长期的真正能够解决环境危机的方法却被所有的领导人忽视了。倘若不去调整我们的经济，我们将只能是绿化垂死的树上的个别叶子。我们的政府，和它的前任们一样，坚持认为持续增长的全球贸易理所当然是一件好事情。因此，政府给予了无数直接或间接的资助。这些资助只能使那些生产远距离出口商品的大公司获益。B. Translate the following sentences into English.(1) As to the climate crisis, we are better off with a clean slate than a weak proposal. Because once the proposal is made, politicians will close the climate chapter for some time.(2) Shes cottoned on that her constant stomachache was caused by eating the smoked meat on offer last week at the local market.(3) That superstar descended on a small costal town, which was splashed across the front page of the local newspaper.(4) His lastditch effort to win a place in the business world collapsed, which seemed frustrating. But it was also for the best. From the failure, he could learn a lot.(5) Parents lavish their love and care on their children. However, when they become old, some of them are condemned to live alone.(6) The present political leaders of our country, in line with his predecessors,were wedded to the belief that we should not retreat in the action against corruption.(7) The school dropouts in povertystricken areas came back to school by courtesy of the subsidies from government and donations from the kind people.(8) Under the effective organization of the local government, the damage caused by the flood has been watered down to the minimum.(9) Superpowers forge ahead in economic development, leaving other countries far behind. But it doesnt necessarily follow that they have the final say in everything.UNIT 3Vocabulary(1) parade(2) scourge(3) surveillance(4) virulent(5) harbored(6) disrupting(7)bombarded(8) contractedA. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.据美国国家过敏和传染病中心(NIAID)的研究人员说, 往猴子的鼻内喷一次测试疫苗, 猴子就可以免得非典。同时，一些荷兰的科学家已经成功地利用人类抗体保护了白鼬不受病毒侵袭。由亚历山大博克乐耶夫领导的NIAID科研小组把产生主要非典蛋白的基因（叫做SARSS）插入一种削弱的人类流感病毒，并用这样培养出来的试验疫苗治疗四个猴子。另外四个猴子给以安慰疫苗。把所有的药直接喷进猴子的鼻腔。免疫接种后一个月，两组猴子都被有意染上非典。研究人员发现，从接受安慰剂的猴子的呼吸道的取样中有复制的病毒，这表明免疫接种失败。而在接受正常疫苗的猴子身上却没有这种症状。B. Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Though difficulties kept on cropping up in his research work, he still suceeded in finding this new element after solving all the problems.(2) The train was moving at such a good clip that one days travel brought him to the south with scorching sun from the northern part of the country covered with white snow.(3) During her first voyage to the sea, this ships engine broke down, so she was left at the mercy of the rough sea. (4) While seeking after their own profit, some companies ignore the farmer workers interest. Recently, the government has been bombarded with the complaints about delayed payment.(5) With the bird flu emerging in some Southeast Asian countries，our government has placed the imported food from those countries under close surveillance.(6) While economic globalization has brought absolute opportunities to some Chinese, the challenges it causes to others are also unmistakable.(7) To our relief, the vote in this assembly stopped certain countries from containing China.(8) With some people, the old saying “Ones character at three years old seals his fate.” is true, but there are many people with different experiences.UNIT 4Vocabulary(1) intact(2) humiliated(3) assert(4) subdue(5) repelled(6) decrepit(7)antagonistic(8) undermine(9) appendix(10) stereotypeA. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.何谓女权主义？据一般定义，女权主义是女性及其贡献得到重视的哲学。它建立在女性的社会、政治、经济权利平等基础之上。任何人，男人、女人、男孩、女孩，都可以成为女权主义者。女权主义也可被描述为一种运动，一场革命，在这种运动或革命中男人女人们希望世界平等无界。这种界线或障碍就是广为大家所知的针对性别、性取向、年龄、婚姻状况和经济状况的歧视和偏见。每个人都以他/她自己的性别观和平等观来看待这个世界。女权主义者认为这个世界不平等。他们希望看到性别差异减小，男人优于女人的观念减退，并直至消失。B. Translate the following sentences into English.(1) Pearl Sydenstricker Buck was born to parents who were missionaries. She, along lived in China for seventeen years, and was saturated in Chinese culture.(2) How can you justify your rude behavior towards your parents who love you so much?(3) He has grown up and has outgrown the adolescent bad habits of smoking and drinking.(4) We hold this to be selfevident that no state is in the position to interfere with the domestic affairs of other nations. This is especially true of great powers.(5) Before they came down in the world, they couldnt imagine that they would content themselves with the simple life: a small room, dry bread and plain boiled water.(6) Though he boasted he would never be taken alive, the outlaw submitted to the police without a struggle when surrounded.(7) In order to have her higher education, she has to contend fiercely with her father who believes that women are doomed to spending their life at the kitchen sink.(8) It is faminism that the single mother has instilled in her daughter.UNIT 5Vocabulary(1) meticulous(2) facilitators(3) incentive(4) accommodate(5) agile(6)downsized(7) relevant(8) fosterA. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.我们的计算机网络相当先进，不久就会使我们有机会和地方公司甚至其他大学共享我们的教学专长。一个专门服务于远程学习的中心已在酝酿之中。我们将越来越多地利用基于因特网的计算机课程，提高我们自己的教学水平，同时也使校外的学生有机会学习。这并不意味着计算机终端将会取代人，学生永远需要当场建议和高质量的面授。但这的确意味着我们可以逐步完善我们的教学课程，并使之以课本的形式让大家得到。就我们大学自身来讲，提供更多的入学机会将仍是我们的头等大事。我们在努力解除剑桥的神秘感，增加录取公立中学毕业生的比率。我们要确保鼓励和支持少教民族事业、外国学生和残疾学生申请剑桥，确保妇女全面参与大学的事务，增加她们在高级学术职位方面的代表性。我们要鼓励校友们更加关心剑桥，用他们的专长和经验为母校服务。B. Translate the following sentences into English.(1) At my friends suggestion, the room was converted from a single bedroom to a study.(2) People always connect Xian with the Big Goose Pagoda and Terra cotta Warriors and Horses.(3) College students must have access to a good library, through which their knowledge and experience can be broadened.(4) The dam was not strong enough to hold back the flood waters, so that the river had burst its banks and flooded the houses by the river.(5) Her success was largely due to her efforts. Also her parents words were a great encouragement to her.(6) Through participating in the process of planning our field trip, my group members and I had to identify our intended learning goals for the students.(7) I did in the spirit of revenge by sending an email to everyone in the office which began as follow:“We regret to inform you that you have missed this opportanity, .”(8) Even though this IC (integrated circuit) is supposed to work as a latch circuit, it can also be made to function as RS (recommended standard) flipflop.UNIT 6Vocabulary(1) nuance(2) dichotomy(3) provision(4) entrenched(5) mandate(6) discrimination(7)Paradoxically(8) annihilate(9) explicit(10) solvent A. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.(1) 美国并未激起产生恐怖主义根源的原始的民族和种族仇恨，然而，美国也并不能完全脱离干系。在中东地区，基于地域和经济上的考虑使得美国不得不既支持以色列的民主形式，又支持沙特阿拉伯的温和立场。然而，这种支持更多地支持和加剧了灾难性的民族主义，而并没有使经济和军事上的安全得到保证。以色列对占领区的控制使得阿拉伯人越来越多地采取暴力手段。沙特政权之所以能够幸存下来部分上是由于政府总在默默地鼓励基督教原教旨主义者把他们对国内政治的不满发泄在美国和以色列身上。(2) 帕蒂西赫威特轻声地说着，她措辞相当谨慎。当她激动的时候，她的声音有些颤抖，“在911事件之后，我们开始在全球范围内建立一个强有力的反恐联盟。但是如果我们要建立一个持久的、真正强有力的国际反恐联盟来确保安全，那么我们就得建立一个同样强有力的经济联盟。因为倘若我们不去解决整个发展中国家所面临的饥饿、苦难、挫败等问题，我们就永远解决不了恐怖主义以及其它危及世界和平的问题。”B. Translate the following sentences into English.(1) The increasing reliance of the third industry in big cities on guest workers is entrenched. Without legions of them to participate in the citiesconstruction, the development of many cities would grind to a halt. (2) The development of economy mainly hinges on social stability. Therefore, the overwhelming issue at present is to maintain stability. (3) An open international metropolis should be one with cultural pluralism, where people with different cultural backgrounds coexist peacefully and develop together. (4) Due to drug abuse, he was detached from the people around him. Gradually, he embraced a moral revulsion towards drug abuse and was determined to give it up. (5) He has a big car, a country house, and all the other trappings of success. But he was not in the least happy. (6) Some people turn a hostile eye toward those who dissent from their view, which doesnt agree with what an openminded person should do. (7) Contrary to what he expected, he failed to be promoted this time. After returning to his home, he vented his anger on his wife. (8) The American way of life is characterized by reverence for material abundance.UNIT 7Vocabulary(1) wave(2) expectant(3) wavers(4) pinched(5) errands(6) integral(7) voiced (8)reciprocalA. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.管理孩子没必要惩罚，强迫，强制或在严厉的气氛中进行。 孩子在轻松愉快的、 严格但又和蔼的气氛里可以学得更好。父母决定家庭气氛，所以父母对家庭气氛的好坏大有影响。 从正面教育入手， 孩子的表现会比我们预期的量和质都要好得多！虽然我并不认为孩子有问题就责备家长，但我确信我们家长对家庭的影响之大远远超出我们的意识。我们必须牢记这种影响，积极施展这种影响，而永远不要对孩子失望！家长应在烦恼的时间重整旗鼓，调整自己的认识，重新评价孩子。要想实施全面的家庭教育需要时间，很费心，还需要一个轻松的环境。如果你的情绪不好，要让你和孩子在一段时间内冷静下来。解决问题的方法经常在情绪平静时想出来。B. Translate the following sentences into English.(1) She has left her job to take care of the baby, and, for better or worse, she cant afford to think of too much.(2) To point out that a child has learning disability does not account for why he is having trouble learning. The point is to find out exactly where the problem is.(3) For some women, bearing children does not have to result in a black and white situationhaving to quit work to stay home with the baby or not.(4) In this novel, Rip is such a character that, except occasionally running errands for his wife, whom he feared, idled away with his dog all day long in the village.(5) The performance of the art group attracted so many workers that the audience spilt over from the auditorium to the surrounding area.(6) In order to achieve a faster development, our country has reached reciprocal agreements with many other countries.(7) They think that one important manifestations of democracy is all the people can enjoy the freedom of voicing their minds. (8) The poverty and hardships during his childhood encouraged this president never to waver in his determination to be a selfmade man，which has been a model for the world.UNIT 8Vocabulary (1)know-it-all (2)affluence(3)sacred(4)redefines (5)guzzle(6)exorbitant(7)crippled(8)strainedA. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.迷濛之中呈现出来的那庞然大物，十分壮观，寂然不动而气度非凡，那就是中国的长城。它孤独地沿着山的一侧蜿蜒而上，再往下进入山谷深处，像大自然似的，一副与世无涉的冷漠样子。每隔一定的距离就有一座森严的瞭望台，冷峻挺立，十分威严，它也是铁面无情。建造它，付出了千万条生命，每一块灰色的砖石上都染满了那离乡背井犹如囚徒者的斑斑血泪。它跨越崇山峻岭毅然向前。它具有大无畏的精神，漫漫征途无尽头，走了一程又一程，一直走到亚洲最边远的地方，茕茕孑立，神秘莫测，犹如它所捍卫的大帝国一样。中国的长城就是那样的庞然大物，在朦胧中寂然不动，气度非凡，十分壮观。