2008年12月四级考试真题词汇.doc

2008年12月四级考试真题知识点1. lovely（1）adj. 可爱的；令人愉快的；爱恋的；秀丽的，优美的（2）n. 美女；可爱的东西（3）adv.非常好；极妙地；漂亮地2. aged about four大约四岁3. approach（1）n. 方法；途径；接近（2）v.相似，类似；着手处理；靠近；接近；向提议，与接洽；试图贿赂As a poet he hardly approaches John Milton.他的诗才很难与弥尔顿媲美。to approach a government officer企图贿赂(或收买)政府官员（3）v. 靠近：A storm is approaching.暴风雨即将来临。（4）make an approach to对进行探讨approach channel进港航道；引水渠income approach收益法；所得方法；入息计算法4. two years old与two-year-old（1）two years old 只可以做“表语”； 表示“两岁”。I am two years old.（2）two-year-old 只可以做“定语”；表示“两岁的”I am a two-year-old boy.5. push（1）v. 推；催促，说服；驱；逼迫；增加，扩展；推销；伸出；生根，发芽；Mother tried to push her daughters worries from her mind.The frontier was pushed westward.边疆向西扩展。The company are pushing their new product.这家公司正在推销他们的新产品。He pushed out his lower lip.他努出他的下嘴唇。（2）vi. 推进；增加；努力争取，尽力Corn acreage pushed into first place.玉米的种植面积居于首位。They are pushing hard to improve their strategic nuclear capabilities.（3）n. 推，决心；大规模攻势；矢志的追求，激励（4）be pushed for (金钱)短缺；(时间)紧迫be put to/come to/bring to the push陷入困境get the push被开除，被解雇，被辞退；求婚被拒绝if /when it comes to the push 到了紧急关头；如果急需的话make a push (at, for ,on 或 to do something) 用最大努力(做某事) （5）push aside 避免；消除；把推(或挤)到一边去push by/past 从(某人)身边挤过去push oneself 鞭策自己，自强；发愤push up增加；提高；向上推push in推进，闯入push out拉出，排出；推出去push for 争取；一再强烈要求，迫切要求；硬要得到push ahead with推进；推动push off推迟；离开push against推，推撞；推挤push into推进；推动（做某事）push away推开6. watchlook侧看的“动作”。see指看见，侧重“结果”。observe侧重以客观的态度进行观察。watch指用眼睛跟随某物，以便对每一个变化、运动等进行观察。witness指当场看见，亲眼看见。7. shove（1）v. 挤；强使，强行；撞；猛推；乱塞；乱放；把硬推掉to shove ones duty off onto others把责任硬推给别人（2）n. 推；挤8. go over to （1）朝走去Hecrookedafingertotellustogoovertohim.（2）改变(信仰、宗教)转到；退出(政党)转向；投降So, did amangoovertohim?所以，有人向他投降了吗？9. pick up （1）捡起He picked up his hat and went away.他拾起帽子，走了。（2）获得She picks up a lot of information.她偶然得到许多信息。（3）收拾；整理Time to pick up and get ready for dinner.把东西收拾起来，准备吃饭了。（4）不费力地学会； 无师自通地学会；（5）增加(速度或冲力)We picked up speed as we went downhill.下山时我们的速度加快了。（6）(病后)恢复健康、体力等；好转This tonic should pick you up .这种补药会增强你的体质。（7）重新开始The engine coughed for a few minutes, and then picked up.（8）收听到，看到，偶然发现I picked up Radio Beijing last night.昨晚我收听到了北京电台广播。（9）(从海里)救起The shipwrecked sailors were picked up by a passing boat.（10）(偶然、随便地)结识、结交He went home with a girl hed picked up at a party.他（11）收进或接受(账单)准备付款It is the custom for the new wifes father to pick up the bill for the wedding.（12）小偷小摸He picked up a passengers bag.他偷了一位乘客的皮包。（13）振作(精神)，鼓起(勇气)A bite of something might pick you up.吃一点东西也许能使你振作起来。（14）(生意)逐渐好转；使好起来Trade has been slack for the past year, but it is now picking up.（15）谋(生)；挣(工资)Besides his regular wages, the chauffeur picks up money in tips.（16）(便宜地)得到My friend knows where he can pick up a good used car for you at a reasonable price.我朋友知道他能在哪儿以合理的价格为你买一辆好的二手车。（17）纠正，改正；训斥，责骂While reading this book, I have pick up more than one hundred printing mistakes.（18）pick up拾起，学到，整理gather up收集，概括10. turn to（1）开始行动The students turned to and cleaned up their camping site.（2）求助于She turned to me for advice.她求教于我。（3）把自己的注意力(或思想等)转向He soon turned his attention to the difficult problem.Our talk turned to football.我们的话题转到了足球上。（4）变成The ice turned to water.冰化成水了。（5）改变(生活方式等)（6）致力于He turned to the study of Shakespeare.他致力于莎士比亚的研究。11. firmly adv. 坚定地，坚决地；坚固地，稳固地Imyselfwillfirmlycarry outthisplan.我本人将坚决执行这个计划。12. apologize （1）v.道歉，表示歉意；认错；辩护，辩解Hehastened toapologize.他连忙道歉。（2）square oneself道歉，言归于好；报复，算账He decided to square himself with his wife after their quarrel.He said he would come again and square himself with me.（3）make an apology (to) (向)道歉13. discipline（1）n. 学科；纪律；训练；惩罚Soldiershave tolearndiscipline.军人必须学会遵守纪律。（2）vt. 训练，训导；惩戒；使有条理，使有条不紊The football team was disciplined by a professional trainer.The offenders will be severely disciplined.违法者将受到严惩。to discipline the confused materials整理杂乱无章的材料（3） academic disciplinen. 学术科目engineering discipline工程学科；工程规范fiscal discipline财政纪律intellectual discipline知识学科discipline inspection commission纪委labour discipline劳动纪律strengthen discipline加强纪律severe discipline严格的纪律maintain discipline维持纪律14. in the process在过程中；在进行中The principle is that in the process of learning how to do one thing really well, we learn how to learn. 15. deal with（1）关于，和有关联；论述，讨论；论及，涉及，谈到This chapter deals with the problem of inflation.本章论述通货膨胀问题。（2）对付，应付，与打交道Ill deal with the children later.孩子们的事由我以后去处理。（3）处理，安排Im used to dealing with matters of this sort.我惯于处理此类问题。（4）惩处，处罚(某人)(常与shall， will连用)Ill deal with you when I get home from the office!我下班回家后再来收拾你。（5）经营；与做生意(或买卖)与交易，是的买主Ive dealt with that company for ten years.我与那家公司做了10年生意。（6）谴责；劝谏16. minefield n. 布雷区；充满隐伏危险的事物When men and women are both under pressure it can be an emotional minefields each tries to cope.当男人和女人都处于压力之下时，因为每个人都试图应付，那有可能成为情感雷区。17. encourage v.（1）鼓励，激发，使有信心Her coach encouraged her throughout the marathon race to keep on running.（2）赞助，支持One of the chief duties of a teacher is to encourage his students.（3）怂恿，劝告；刺激，煽动，激起Dont encourage her laziness by doing things for her.（4）促进(成长等)，助长Poverty often encourages crime.贫穷往往助长犯罪。18. philosophy n. 哲学；哲理；人生观Philosophyis toodeepforme.哲学对我来说太深奥了。19. territory （1）n. 领土，领域；范围；地域；版图Talkshavebroken downoverthedisputedterritory.（2） sales territory销售地区capital territory首都圈；首都辖区20. acquaintance（1）n. 熟人；相识；了解；知道Wearethecasualacquaintanceofa longrailwayjourney.（2） make the acquaintance ofv. 和相识，结识acquaintance with相识21. property（1）n. 性质，性能；财产；所有权Hedeededthepropertytohis daughter.他立契约把财产转让给女儿。（2） intellectual property知识产权；著作权property right产权property management物业管理；资产管理real property不动产private property私有制；私有财产chemical property化学性质public property公共财产，公物22. extension（1）n. 延长；延期；扩大；伸展；电话分机Moreover,thetoolbecomes anextensionofyourself.（2） by extension相关地；引申开来file extension文件扩展名extension telephonen. 电话分机extension service推广服务brand extension品牌延伸23. inappropriately adv. 不适当地Mosthaveinappropriatelyloosemonetarypolicy.24. somehow （1）adv. 以某种方法；莫名其妙地Youll grow up somehow.不管怎样，你总会长大的。（2）somehow or other 不知怎的；不管怎样；用各种方法（3）one way or another adv. 无论如何；以某种方法Theyhavenobearing,onewayoranother,onU. S.monetarypolicy.25. criticism （1）n. 批评；考证；苛求Hewas subjectedtoseverecriticism.他受到严厉的批评。（2） literary criticismn. 文艺评论textual criticism校勘；考订；版本鉴定new criticism新批评主义come under heavy criticism遭到严厉的批评adverse criticism反向批评；逆向评论26. circumstance（1）n. 环境，情况；事件；境遇Dontdeceiveunderanycircumstance.在任何情况下都不要行骗。（2） in the circumstances在这种情况下；既然这样under the circumstance在这种情况下in no circumstances决不under no circumstance在任何情况下都不27. antennae n. 直觉；天线（= aerial）；昆 触须；植 蕊喙Theirantennaeandshellshelpthemtodetectandprotect.28. point out指出，指明；使注意到She pointed out to us that there was little chance of success.29. bring up（1）提出He brought up a question for discussion.他提出问题讨论。（2）教育，抚养My parents bro ught me up to respect others.我父母教育我要尊重他人。（3）呕出He brought up everything he ate.他把吃的东西都吐出来了。（4）谈到，向提及I didnt want to bring up the matter to him last night.昨晚我不想向他提及这件事（5）（船等）突然停止；突然制止(常与short连用)：He started to complain, I brought him up short.（6）把(饭菜等)端上来：The waiter brought up the next dish.服务员把下一碟菜端了上来。30. neglectful （1）adj. 疏忽的；忽略的；不小心的（2）inadvertent adj. 疏忽的；不注意的；无意中做的Googlehassaidthedatacollectionwasinadvertent.（3）negligent adj. 疏忽的；粗心大意的（4）inattentive adj. 疏忽的；怠慢的；不注意的Not surprisingly, most of these fires originate in the kitchen from clumsy or inattentive cooks.不难发现，大多数火灾是由于厨房结构不合理以及厨师的粗心大意造成的。31. psychologist n. 心理学家，心理学者32. when it comes to当提到；就而论33. straight forward直接了当；开门见山Smon sense 常识35. prevail（1）vi. 盛行，流行；战胜，获胜Thepursuitofmaximumprofitseemsdestinedtoprevail.Justice has prevailed; the guilty man has been punished.（2） prevail over胜过；占优势prevail on说服，劝说prevail upon说服；诱使prevail with劝说；说服36. grey (greyer, greyest )（1）adj. 灰色的；灰白的（2）n. 灰色french greyn. 浅灰色dark grey深灰色；暗灰light grey淡灰色（3）v. 使变成灰色；使变老,老化（4）earl grey伯爵茶37. punishment n. 惩罚；严厉对待，虐待38. child-centric以孩子为中心39. consideration （1）n. 考虑；原因；关心；报酬The matteris underconsideration.这件事正在考虑中。（2） out of consideration for体谅；出于对的考虑sympathetic consideration体恤处理，同情之考虑in consideration of考虑到，鉴于；作为对的酬报under consideration在考虑之中的40. public good公益事业；公共物品41. courtesy（1）n. 礼貌；好意；恩惠Heiswanting incourtesy.他缺乏礼貌。（2）adj. 殷勤的；被承认的；出于礼节的42.suffer from忍受，遭受；患病；受之苦How long have you been suffering from a headache? 你头痛有多久了?43. conduct（1）v. 导电；管理；引导；表现He conducted himself in a gracious manner.他为人和蔼可亲。（2）n. 进行；行为，表现，为人；实施Shewas displeasedbyhisconduct.她对他的行为感到不快。44. exhausted（1）adj. 疲惫的；耗尽的Dothisuntilthethoughtsareexhausted.重复这个行为直到思想被耗尽。（2）v. 耗尽；用尽；使精疲力尽（exhaust的过去式）45. perceive（1）v. 察觉，感觉；理解；认知The students perceived that his behavior had changed.（2）perceive as视为；当作Consistencyandcalmnessin adversityarecharacteristicsthatmostpeoplewill perceiveasconfidence. 在逆境中保持一致与冷静就是能让大多数人感知自信。46. get into进入；陷入；穿上；习惯于How didyougetintotheindustry?你是怎样进入这个行业的？47. charging up加添，充电48. defence = defense（1）n. 防御；防卫；答辩；防卫设备Thebestdefenseistoattack.进攻是最好的防御。（2） national defence国防in defence of保护，防护；为辩护civil defence民防counsel for the defence辩护律师，被告律师defence budget国防预算49. fuel（1）v.供以燃料，加燃料；激起His provocative words only fuelled the argument further.（2）n.刺激因素；燃料Wemusteconomizeonfuel.我们必须节约燃料。50. eggshell n. 蛋壳；薄而易碎的东西Wait a minute,youmean, theeggshellbreaks,birdcanfly.你的意思是，一会儿蛋壳破了，雏鸟就能飞。51. surround（1）v. 围绕；包围She was surrounded by reporters.她被记者包围住了。（2）n. 围绕物（3）adj. 环绕立体声的（4）surroundingn.环境，周围的事物；adj.周围的，附近的Mostofthesestreaksaredarkerthanthesurroundingsand.52. remonstrate（1）v. 责备，告诫；抗议，反对；表示异议He remonstrated to his wife that she was too careless.他（2）n. remonstrance谏书；抗议；规劝remonstration忠告；抗议；规劝53. admirable（1）adj.令人钦佩的；极好的；值得赞扬的Thatsadmirable, andexactlymy ownapproach tolife.（2）admire v.钦佩；赞美，称赞I admire her for her bravery.我佩服她的勇敢。54. negotiate（1）v.谈判，商议；处理，经营Wetried tonegotiatewiththem,buttheyrefused.（2）negotiate about协商；谈判Id like tonegotiateaboutthedistributionalplanwithyou.55. boundary n.边界；范围；分界线Theriverdetermines thenaturalboundarybetweenthetwocountries.56. better-educated 知识化57. involve v.包含；牵涉；使陷于；潜心于The case involved many innocent people.这一案件牵涉了许多无辜的人。58. notion（1）n.概念；见解；打算Iwillexaminethisnotionbelow.我将在下面分析此概念。（2）notionaladj.概念性的；想像的；抽象的；不切实际的59. challenge（1）n.挑战；怀疑Hethrew outachallenge.他提出了一个挑战。（2）v.向挑战；对质疑Ichallengethe truthofyourstory.我对你说的情况表示怀疑。60. diminish v.使减少；变小，缩小；使不重要The governors popularity has diminished.州长的声望已下降。Time will not diminish our friendship.时间的流逝将不会减弱我们的友谊。61. reflect（1）v. 反映；反射，照出；表达；显示；反省His actions reflect his thoughts.他的行为反映他的思想。The trees reflected in the water are dancing.水中倒映的树影婆娑起舞。（2） reflect on思考；反省；回想；怀疑reflect upon考虑（回想；回顾）62. under-resourced资源不足的Inmanyunder-resourcedcountries, themagnitudeandscopeoftheinfluenza burdenarepoorly understood. 63. commitment（1）n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身Todothis,wemust havecommitmentat thehighestlevelofgovernment.（2）commit v. 犯罪，做错事；把.交托给；使承担义务，承诺The old man committed his will to the care of the lawyer.64. intervention （1）n. 介入；调停；妨碍Sowhat wewoulddoisthatwe would thenperformanintervention.（2）intervene v. 干涉；调停；插入Youintervenewhenyoucan,nottobe consistent.65. undignified adj. 不庄重的；无威严的Suchconductisundignifiedforapersonofhisposition.66. longstanding = of long standing adj. 长期存在的；长时间的67. potential（1）n. 潜能；可能性；电 电势Butallofushavethepotentialtobecomepassionatecreative.（2）adj. 潜在的；可能的；势的Youhavesomuchtalent,intelligenceandpotential.68. puzzle（1）v. 使困惑（为难）；迷惑；苦思而得出I am puzzled by his failure to reply.他不给我回信使我感到困惑。（2）n. 谜；难题；迷惑Thepuzzledefiedsolution.这个谜无法解。69. overwhelm（1）v. 淹没；压倒；受打击；覆盖；压垮；使受不了Flood overwhelmed the city.洪水淹没了那座城市。（2）overwhelmed adj. 受宠若惊的，使不知所措Do youeverfeeloverwhelmedorhavetoo muchto do?70. mild（1）adj. 温和的；轻微的；淡味的；文雅的；不含有害物质的的Sheismildindisposition.她性情温和。（2）n. （英国的一种）淡味麦芽啤酒（3）mild steel低碳钢；化软钢71. improper adj.错误的；不适当的；不合礼仪的Thisismainlyduetotheimproperdisposalofrubbishbypeople.72. carpenter（1）n. 木匠，木工At an early age,Iwasapprenticedto acarpenter.我小时候曾给木匠当过学徒。（2）v. 当木匠，做木匠工作；制作He carpentered a splint for the broken leg.他给骨折的腿制作了一副夹板。（3）carpentryn.木器；木工手艺；木工业（4）squareman n. 木匠，石匠（复数 squaremen）woodworker n. 木匠73. elsewhere adv. 在别处；到别处Thecriteriawill bedifferentfrom those that pertainelsewhere.74. amid prep.在其中75. journal （1）n. 日报，杂志；日记；分类账Whenyouhave arealization,write it downinyourjournal.（2）diary n. 日志，日记；日记簿76. literature n. 文学；文献；文艺；著作Areyoumajoring inEnglishLiterature?你主修的是英国文学吗?77. slim（1）adj. 苗条的；修长的；微小的；差的Howdoyoukeepsoslim?你是怎么保持苗条的？（2）v. 使体重减轻；使苗条；变细（3）slim down消瘦78. utilize v. 利用We must utilize all available resources.79. efficiency n. 效率；效能；功效Theproductionefficiencyis lamedby the oldmachines.80. retire（1）v. 退休；撤退；退却；离开；收回；就寝He has retired from the army.他已经从部队退役。You must retire early as you have to catch the early train tomorrow.你必须早睡觉，因为明天还得赶早班火车。（2）n. 退休；退隐；退兵信号（3）retire from从退休retire into oneself退隐，沉默81. as well as也；和一样；不但而且Shecanplaytennisaswellasbasketball.她也会打篮球，也会打网球。82. fix（1）v. 使固定；修理；安装；准备；注视；记住We fixed a picture on the wall.我们把图画钉在墙上。We are going to fix the broken machine.我们将修理损坏的机器。His image was fixed in her mind.他的形象铭记在她的心中。（2）n. 困境；方位；贿赂83. comment（1）n. 评论；意见；批评Iappreciateyourcomment.我欣赏你的意见。（2）v. 发表评论；发表意见；解释；His speech was not commented by the press.他的讲话报界未作评论。We asked the teacher to comment his decision.我们请求老师解释一下他的决定。（3）comment on对评论no comment无可奉告；不予置评；无意见general comment一般评论fair comment公正批评；公平评论84. distinguish （1）v. 区分，区别；辨别；使杰出，使表现突出；看清；听清His height distinguishes him from the other boys.他的身高使他有别于其他男孩。A person with good eyesight can distinguish distant object.（2）distinguish oneself (in,by,as) 因而出名；使超出别人；使杰出She distinguished herself in the arts.她在艺术方面成就出众。He distinguished himself by his bravery.他以勇敢著称。（3）distinct adj. 明显的；独特的；清楚的；有区别的distingue adj. 高尚的；上流的distinguished adj. 著名的；卓著的；高贵的85. council（1）n. 委员会；会议；理事会；地方议会；顾问班子Thecouncildenouncedthenewlaw.该委员会谴责新法律。（2）state council国务院student council学生自治会，学生会city council市议会town council市议会；镇议会86. criminology n. 犯罪学；刑事学87. coordinate（1）n. 坐标；同等的人或物（2）adj. 并列的；同等的（3）v. 调整；整合；协调You mustcoordinatethemovementsofyourarmsandlegswhenswimming.88. resident（1）adj. 居住的；住院医师；定居的（2）n. 居民AsonelocalresidentputitinMay, By daythere isgovernment.（3）reside v. 住，居住；属于Her family has resided in New York for more than ten years.89. emergency（1）n. 紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻Wecouldntbudgetforeveryemergency.我们不能为每个紧急需要做安排。（2）adj. 紧急的；备用的Allroomshaveanemergencybutton.所有房间中都有一个紧急按钮。（3）emergentadj. 紧急的；浮现的；意外的；自然发生的Whichbringsmeback around toemergentdesign?90. prompt（1）adj. 敏捷的，迅速的；立刻的Take a prompt action.（2）n. 提示；付款期限；DOS命令（3）adv. 准时地（4）v. 提示；促进；激起，引起；（给演员）提白What prompted her to be so generous? 是什么原因使得她如此大方呢?Her question was prompted by her worries about future.The actor needed to be prompted frequently.那演员经常需要提词。（5）prompt delivery限时专送command prompt命令提示符prompt attention从速办理prompt payment立即付款voice prompt语音提示，声音提示prompt shipment即期装船prompt in对很迅速91. numerous （1）adj. 许多的，很多的Ihavenumerousengagementsnextweek.下星期我有许多约会。（2）multiple adj. 多重的；多样的；许多的；n. 倍数；He died of multiple injuries.他死于多处受伤。92. inherent（1）adj. 固有的；内在的；与生俱来的，遗传的Stress is an inherent part of dieting.要节食必定会经受压力。Man is not inherently violent.人类并非生来就暴力。（2）be inherent in天生.；固有.inherent vice固有缺陷；内在缺陷inherent moisture内在水分，固有水分；内在潮湿；结构水（3）inhere v. 固有；生来即存在；本质上即属93. constant（1）adj. 不变的；恒定的；经常的Inflation is a constant threat.通货膨胀是一种持续的威胁。（2）n. 数 常数；恒量94. tailor（1）v. 剪裁；使合适；调整We can tailor the programme to the patients needs.（2）n. 裁缝Inhisyouthhisfatherboundhimouttoatailor.95. science fiction 科幻小说96. spaceman n. 宇航员，太空飞行员；太空人97. spacesuit n. 航天服；太空服98. weapon（1）n. 武器，兵器This kindofweaponis obsolete.这种武器早已过时。（2）nuclear weapon核武器secret weapon秘密武器lethal weapon致命凶器biological weapon生物武器，细菌武器chemical weapon化学武器automatic weapon自动武器99. homogeneous（1）adj. 均匀的；数 齐次的；同种的The unemployed are not a homogeneous group.失业者并不都是同一类人。（2）homogenize v. 使（变）均匀；使类同Even Brussels bureaucrats cant homogenize national cultures and tastes.（3）homograft n.同种移植物（4）homogeneous product同质产品100. heterogeneity n. 生物 异质性；化学 不均匀性，多相性；混杂101. immigration（1）n. 外来移民；移居The government has decided to tighten its immigration policy.（2）illegal immigration非法移民；非法入境immigration office移民局immigration officialn. 移民局官员immigration officer移民局官员；入境关员immigration policy移民政策immigration law法移民法immigration status移民身份；入境身份；在留资格immigration act移民法；移民法案102. pluralism （1）n. 多元主义；多元论；多元化；兼任Weve seen them willing to risk their lives for pluralism, openness and democracy.（2）pluralistn.兼职者；多元论者 adj. 多元化的an attempt to create a pluralist democracy.建立多元化民主国家的一个尝试。103. clash（1）n.