医学专业英语词汇——Combining ,词根,词缀.docx

Combining FormMeaningExample (Definition)aden/oglandadenopathy (gland diseasecarcin/ocancercarcinoma (cancerous tumor)cardi/oheartcardiac (pertaining to the heart)chem/ochemicalchemotherapy (treatment with chemicalscis/oto cutincision (process of cutting into)dermat/oskindermatology (study of the skin)enter/osmall intestinespertaining to the small intestinesgastr/ostomachgastric (pertaining to the stomach)gynec/ofemalegynecology (study of females)hemat/obloodpertaining to the bloodhydr/owaterhydrocele (protrusion of water)immune/oimmuneimmunology (study of immunity)laryng/ovoice boxlaryngeal (pertaining to the voice box)morph/oshapemorphology (study of shape)nephr/okidneynephromegaly (enlarged kidney)neur/onerveneural (pertaining to a nerve)ophthalm/oeyeophthalmic (pertaining to the eye)ot/oearotic (pertaining to the ear)path/odiseasepathology (study of disease)pulmon/olungpulmonary (pertaining to the lungs)rhin/onoserhinoplasty (surgical repair of the nose)ur/ourine, urinary tracturology (study of the urinary tract)Common PrefixesPrefixMeaningExample (Definition)a-without, away fromaphasia (without speech)an-withoutanoxia (without oxygen)antebefore, in front of antepartum (before birth)anti-againstantibiotic (against life)auto-selfautograft (a graft from ones own body)brady-slowbradycardia (slow heartbeat)dys-painful, difficultdyspnea (painful breathing)endo-within, innerendoscope (instrument to view within)epi-upon, overepigastric (upon or over the stomach)eu-normal, goodeupnea (normal breathing)hetero-differentheterograft (a graft from another persons body)homo-samehomozygous (having two identical genes)hydro-waterhydrotherapy (water therapy)hyper-over, abovehypertrophy (overdevelopment)hypo-under, belowhypoglossal (under the tongue)infra-under, beneath, belowinfraorbital (below, under the eye socket)inter-among, betweenintervertebral (between the vertebrae)intra-within, insideintravenous (inside, within a vein)macro-largemacrocephalic (having a large head)micro-smallmicrocephalic (having a small head)neo-newneonate (newborn)pan-allpancarditis (inflammation of all the heart)para-beside, beyond, nearparanasal (near or alongside the nose)per-throughpercutaneous (through the skin)peri-aroundpericardial (around the heart)post-afterpostpartum (after birth)pre-before, in front of prefrontal (in front of the frontal bone)pseudo-falsepseudocyesis (false pregnancy)retro-backward, behindretrograde (movement in a backwards direction)sub-below, undersubcutaneous (under, below the skin)super-above, excesssupernumerary (above the normal number)supra-abovesuprapubic (above the pubic bone)tachy-rapid, fasttachycardia (fast heartbeat)trans-through, acrosstransurethral (across the urethra)ultra-beyond, excessultrasound (high-frequency sound waves)Number PrefixesPrefixMeaningExample (Definition)bi-twobilateral (two sides)di-twodiplegic (paralysis of two extremities)hemi-halfhemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body)mono-onemonoplegia (paralysis of one extremity)multi-manymultigravida (woman pregnant more than once)nulli-nonenulligravida (woman with no pregnancies)poly-manypolyuria (large amounts of urine)quad-fourquadriplegia (paralysis of all four extremities)semi-partial, halfsemiconscious (partially conscious)tri-threetriceps (muscle with three heads)uni-oneunilateral (one side)Common SuffixesSuffixMeaningExample (Definition)-algiapaingastralgia (stomach pain)-celehernia, protrusioncystocele (protrusion of the bladder)-cisecutexcise (to cut out)-dyniapaincardiodynia (heart pain)-ectasisdilatationbronchiectasis (dilated bronchi)-ectopiadisplacementcorectopia (pupil of the eye not centered)-genthat which producesmutagen (that which produces mutations)-genesisproduces, generatesosteogenesis (produces bone)-genicproducingcarcinogenic (producing cancer)-iastate, conditionhemiplegia (condition of being half paralyzed)-iasisabnormal conditionlithiasis (abnormal condition of stones)-ismstate ofhypothyroidism (state of low thyroid)-itisimflammationcellulitis (inflammation of cells)-logistone who studiescardiologist (one who studies the heart)-logystudy ofcardiology (study of the heart)-lysisdestructionosteolysis (bone destruction)-malaciaabnormal softeningchondromalacia (abnormal cartilage softening)-megalyenlargement, largecardiomegaly (enlarged heart)-omatumor, masscarcinoma (cancerous tumor)-osisabnormal conditioncyanosis (abnormal condition of being blue)-pathydiseasemyopathy (muscle disease)-plasiadevelopment, growthdysplasia (abnormal development)-plasmformation, developmentneoplasm (new formation)-ptosisdroopingproctoptosis (drooping rectum)-rrhageexcessive, abnormal flowhemorrhage (excessive bleeding)-rrheadischarge, flowrhinorrhea (discharge from the nose)-rrhexisrupturehysterorrhexis (ruptured uterus)-sclerosishardeningarteriosclerosis (hardening of an artery)-stenosisnarrowingangiostenosis (narrowing of a vessel)-therapytreatmentchemotherapy (treatment with chemicals)-trophynourishment, developmenthypertrophy (excessive development)-uriacondition of the urinehematuria (blood in the urine)Surgical SuffixesSuffixMeaningExample (Definition)-centesispuncture to withdraw fluidarthrocentesis (puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint)-ectomysurgical removalgastrectomy (surgically remove the stomach)-ostomysurgically create an openingcolostomy (surgically create an opening for the colon through the abdominal wall)-otomycutting intothoracotomy (cutting into the chest)-pexysurgical fixationnephropexy (surgical fixation of a kidney)-plastysurgical repairdermatoplasty (surgical repair of the skin)-rrhaphysuturemyorrhaphy (suture together muscle)Procedural SuffixesSuffixMeaningExample (Definition)-gramrecord or pictureelectrocardiogram (record of hearts electricity)-graphinstrument for recordingelectrocardiograph (instrument for recording the hearts electrical activity)-graphyprocess of recordingelectrocardiography (process of recording the hearts electrical activity)-meterinstrument for measuringaudiometer (instrument to measure hearing)-metryprocess of measuringaudiometry (process of measuring hearing)-scopeinstrument for viewinggastroscope (instrument to view stomach)-scopyprocess of visually examininggastroscopy (process of visually examining the stomach)Combining Forms Commonly Used in Integumentary SystemCombining form Meaning Example adip/o fat adiposealbin/o white albinism caus/o burn, burning causalgiacutane/o skin subcutaneousderm/o skin epidermisdermat/o skin dermatitisdisphor/o profuse sweating diaphoresis hidr/o sweat anhidrosisichthy/o scaly, dry ichthyosiskerat/o hard, horny tissue keratosisleuk/o white leukoplakia lip/o fat lipoma melan/o black melanocytemyc/o fungus dermatomycosisonych/o nail onycholysispil/o hair pilosebaceousrhytid/o wrinkle rhytidoplasty seb/o oil seborrheatrich/o hair trichomycosis xanth/o yellow xanthoma Suffixes Commonly Used in This SystemSuffix Meaning Example-derma skin scleroderma-opsy view of biopsy-plakia a plate leukoplakia-tome instrument used to cut dermatomeCombining Forms Commonly Used in Musculoskeletal SystemCombining form Meaning Examplearthr/o joint arthrocentesisarticul/ojointarticulationburs/o sac bursitischondr/ocartilagechondroplastycost/oribcostectomycrani/oskullcraniotomymyel/obone marrowmyelitisorth/ostraightorthopedicsoste/oboneosteoporosisspondyl/overtebra,backbonespondylarthritisthorac/ochestthoracicvertebr/overtebra,backboneintervertebralfasci/ofasciafasciorrhaphymy/omuscleelectromyogramten/otendontenodyniatend/otendontendotomytendin/otendontendinitisSuffixes Commonly Used in This SystemSuffix Meaning Example-kinesia movementdyskinesia-porosis porousosteoporosis-trophy developmenthypertrophy-malacia abnormal softeningosteomalaciaCombining formMeaningExampleangi/ovesselangioplastyaort/oaortaaortic stenosisarter/o, arteri/oarteryarteriosclerosisather/oyellowish plaque, fatty substanceatherosclerosis atri/oatrium, upper heart chamberatrioventricularcardi/oheartcardiomyopathycholesterol/ocholesterolhypercholesterolemiacorn/oheartcoronary arteriescyan/obluecyanosisox/ooxygenhypoxiapericardi/opericardiumpericardiocentesisphleb/oveinphlebotomyrrhythm/orhythmarrhythmiasphygm/opulsesphygmomanometersteth/ocheststethoscopethromb/oclotthrombolysisvalvul/o, valv/ovalvevalvuloplastyvas/ovesselvasoconstrictionvascul/ovesselvascularven/oveinvenousventricul/oventricle, lower heart chamberventriculotomyPrefixes Relating to the Cardiovascular SystemPrefixMeaningExamplebrady-slowbradycardiatachy-fasttachycardiaSuffixes Relating to the Cardiovascular SystemSuffixMeaningExample-manometerInstrument to measure pressuresphygmomanometer-olesmallarteriole-sclerosishardeningarteriosclerosis-stenosisnarrowingangiostenosis-tensionpressurehypotension-ulesmallvenuleCombining Forms Commonly Used in This SystemCombining form Meaning Exampleadenoid/o adenoids adenoidectomyalveol/o alveolus; air sac alveolarbronch/o bronchus bronchoscopebronchi/o bronchus bronchiectasisbronchiol/o bronchiole, small bronchiolitis Bronchuscapn/o carbon dioxide acapniaepiglott/o epiglottis epiglottitislaryng/o larynx, voice box laryngospasmlob/o lobe lobectomymuc/o mucus mucusnas/o nose nasopharynxox/o oxygen anoxiapharyng/o pharynx pharyngeal tonsilspleur/o pleura pleurocentesispneum/o air, lung pneumothoraxpneumon/opulmon/o lung pulmonologyrhin/o nose rhinorrhagiasinus/o sinus, cavity pansinusitisspir/o breathing spirometertonsill/o tonsils tonsillectomytrache/o trachea, windpipe tracheotomythorac/o chest thoracalgiaSuffixes Commonly Used in This SystemSuffixes Meaning Example-capnia carbon dioxide hypercapnia-ectasis stretching out, dilatation, bronchiectasis expansion-emia blood condition hypoxemia-oxia oxygen anoxia-pnea breathing dyspneaChapter 7 Digestive systemCombining forms relating to the digestive systemCombining forms Meaning Example an/o anus anusappend/o, appendic/o appendix appendectomy bucc/o cheek buccolabial cec/o cecum ileocecal cheil/o, labi/o lip cheilorrhaphy chol/e bile, gall cholelithiasischolangi/o bile duct cholangiotomycholecyst/o gallbladdercholecystogram choledoch/o common bile duct choledochectomycol/o, colon/o colon colectomydent/o, odont/o tooth orthodonticsenter/o small intestine enteritis gastr/o stomach gastrodynia gingiv/o gums gingivectomy gloss/o tongue hypoglossalhepat/o liver hepatitis lapar/o abdomen laparotomy lingu/o tongue sublingual lith/o stone lithotripsyor/o mouth oropharynx palat/o palate palatinepancreat/o pancreas pancreatitis pharyng/o pharynx pharyngodyniaproct/o anus and rectum proctoptosis rect/o rectumrectalgiasial/o salivary gland sialolith stomat/o mouthstomatologySuffixes relating to the digestive systemSuffixMeaningExample-emisis vomit hematemesis-lithiasis condition of stones cholelithiasis-orexia appetite anorexia -ostomy surgically creating an opening colostomy-pepsia digestion dyspepsia-phagia eat, swallow polyphagia-prandial pertaing to a meal postprandial-tripsy surgical crushing lithotripsyChapter 8 Urinary SystemCombining formalbumin/oazot/ocyst/oglomerul/oglycos/olith/omeat/onephr/onoct/ipyel/oren/our/oureter/ourethr/ourin/ovesic/oMeaningalbuminnitrogen bladderglomerulussugar, glucosestonemeatuskidneynightrenal pelviskidneyurineureter, urinary tubeurethraurinebladderExamplealbuminuriaazotemiacystitisglomerulonephritisglycosurialithotripsymeatorrhaphynephromalacianocturiapyelogramrenal transplanturemiaureterectasiaurethrostenosisurinalysisvesicorectalSuffixMeaningExample-lithstonenephrolith-ptosisdroopingnephroptosis-tripsysurgical crushinglithotripsy-uriaurine, urinationhematuriaChapter 9 Reproductive SystemCombining Forms Relating to the Reproductive SystemCombining formMeaningCombining formMeaningamni/oamnionmetr/outerusandr/omalenat/obirthbalan/oglans peniso/oeggcervic/oneck, cervixomphal/onavel, umbilicuschori/ochorionoophor/oovarycolp/ovaginaorchi/o, orchid/otestescrypt/ohiddenov/oeggculd/ocul-de-sacembryovari/oovaryembry/oembryopart/ochildbirthepididym/oepididymisperine/operineumepisi/ovulvaprostat/oprostatefet/ofetussalping/ofallopian tubes, uterine tubesgynec/owoman, femalespermat/ospermhydr/owater, fluidtest/o, testicul/otesteshymen/ohymenuter/outerushyster/outerusvagin/ovaginalact/omilkvaric/ovaricose veinsmamm/obreastvas/ovas deferensmast/obreastvesicul/oseminal vesiclemen/omenses, menstruationvulv/ovulvaSuffixes Relating to the Reproductive SystemPrefixMeaningExample-archebeginningmenarche-cyesisstate of pregnancypseudocyesis-genesisproduces, generatesspermatogenesis-gravidapregnancymultigravida-parato bear (offspring)nullipara-salpinxfallopian tubepyosalpinx-spermiacondition of spermoligospermia-tocialabor, childbirthdystociaChapter 10 Endocrine SystemWord Building Relating to the Endocrine SystemCombining FormMeaningExampleaden/oglandadenomaadren/oadrenal glandadrenomegalyadrenopathyadrenal/oadrenal glandadrenalectomyadrenalitiscalc/ocalciumhypercalcemiahypocalcemiacrin/osecreteendocrinologyendocrinopathyandr/omaleandrogenestr/ofemaleestrogenglyc/osugarhyperglycemiahypoglycemiakal/ipotassiumhyperkalemianatr/osodiumhyponatremiathyr/othyroidthyromegalythyrotoxicosisthyroid/othyroidthyroidectomyhyperthyroidismhypothyroidismparathyroid/oparathyroid glandparathyroidectomyparathyroidomaSuffixMeaningExample-dipsiathirstpolydipsia-uriaurinepolyuriaglycosuriaChapter 11 Nervous SystemCombining Forms Commonly Used in Nervous SystemCombining FormMeaningExamplecephal/oheadcephalalgiacerebell/ocerebellumcerebellar cerebellitiiscerebr/ocerebrumcerebral cerebrospinalencephal/obrainencephalomalaciagli/oglueglioneuromamedull/omedullamedulloadrenalmening/omeningesmeningitis myelomeningocelemeningi/omeningesmeningiomamyel/ospinal cordpoliomyelitisnarc/ostupornarcohypnosisneur/onerveneurectomy neuromaphas/os