人教版选修八Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors grammar课时作业 (3).docx

unit 5 meeting your ancestors grammar课时作业.阅读理解adear coach，i have been out of work for almost six months and things are starting to get very tough for me. i am practically living out of my savings. i have been looking for a job, but things are really bad and i cannot find a single person who wants to hire me. i know that the main problem is that i do not have a degree. i want to go back to school and get my degree, but i also need a job now. i owe money to some people who have been helping me. because i am out of work, i cannot pay them back. what do you think i should do? i need to find a job as quickly as possible, and want to know what else to do to get people to give me a chance to work for them.the unemployeddear unemployed，before you get yourself in a really bad situation, you need to stop borrowing money from other people. if you continue doing that, you will be deep in debt and the situation will get even worse for you. the next thing you need to do is look for a job depending on your abilities, skills, and experience. by doing that, you will be increasing your chances of finding a job that suits you best. and the last thing i will suggest is that you should stop feeling sorry for yourself and continue working hard to get a job that you need. borrowing money, complaining, and feeling bad for your situation will do no good to you. stay strong and start showing the world what you can offer. i promise if you work hard and never give up, you will soon find the job that you are dreaming of. and while you are doing it, think about getting your degree as well because it will help you to become more challenging. try those tips.the coach语篇解读：失业者给导师写信，诉说自己所处的困境，并寻求导师的建议。导师给失业者回信，并给出了三条建议。1why did the unemployed write to the coach?ato ask for some advice.bto tell his great difficulty.cto ask for a job.dto ask the coach to pay back his money.解析：选a推理判断题。综合第一封信的内容，特别是最后一句可知，失业者给导师写信的目的是请他提供一些建议。故选a项。2the unemployed couldnt find a job mainly because _.ahe always borrowed moneybhe didnt have a degreeche didnt work welldhe didnt get on well with others解析：选b细节理解题。根据第一封信中的“i know that the main problem is that i do not have a degree.”可知，失业者之所以找不到工作主要是因为他没有学位。3the coach told the unemployed to stop borrowing money so as to _.asave more moneybbe able to get back to schoolcavoid running into deep debtdprevent people laughing at him解析：选c细节理解题。根据第二封信中的“if you continue doing that, you will be deep in debt . ”可知，导师告诉失业者不要再向他人借钱是为了不让他深陷债务，无法自拔。故选c项。bbritish shoppers will take home about 6 billion fewer singleuse plastic bags this year because the government introduced a 5p charge, according to data published july 30. the 5p charge has resulted in donations of more than 29 million from retailers toward charities (慈善机构) and community groups.about 8 million tonnes of plastic pollutes the oceans each year, and experts judge the plastic is swallowed by 31 species of marine (海生的) mammals and some 100 species of seabirds.“taking six billion plastic bags out of circulation is fantastic news for all of us it will mean our precious marine life is safer, our communities are cleaner, and future generations wont suffer from mountains of plastic taking hundreds of years to break down in landfill sites，” uk environment minister thrse coffey said. “the 5p charge has clearly been a huge success not only for our environment but for good causes across the country that have benefited from an impressive 29 million raised. it shows small actions can make the biggest difference, but we must not be complacent as there is always more we can all do to reduce waste and recycle what we use.” more than 7 billion carrier bags were issued by seven leading retailers in 2014, but that number has fallen to slightly more than 500 million in the first six months of the 5p charge for singleuse carrier bags introduced in october 2015.“we are delighted to see that the bag charge in england is showing positive results. this is a significant reduction that will benefit the environment as a whole, and our sea life in particular，” said dr. sue kinsey, a technical specialist. “there is always more that we can do, and we encourage everyone to join in our great british beach clean to help keep our coastlines clean.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。自英国政府出台对一次性塑料袋收费5便士的政策以来，消费者使用的塑料袋大大减少了。5便士政策对环境、海洋生物、慈善等都起着积极的作用。4according to the passage, which will charities directly benefit from?acleaner communities.bless use of plastic bags.cdonations from retailers.dthe improved environment.解析：选c细节理解题。解答此题一定要注意题干中的directly“直接地”。根据第一段中的“donations of more than 29 million from retailers toward charities (慈善机构) and community groups”可知，慈善机构可以直接从零售商的捐赠中获益。5what does the underlined word “complacent” in paragraph 3 mean?aconfident.bworried.cdisappointed. dcontent.解析：选d词义猜测题。画线词所在句意为“这表明小小的行动能产生最大的影响，但是我们一定不能_，因为总有更多我们都能做的事来减少浪费和回收利用我们的用品”，根据but的转折和“as there is always more we can all do”可知，此处指的是我们不能自满，故选d。6what did thrse coffey and dr. sue kinsey both agree with?athe 5p charge is far from a success.bpaying for plastic bags is multibeneficial.cfuture generations can enjoy a plasticfree life.deveryone should join environmentprotecting organizations.解析：选b推理判断题。根据第三段中的“it will mean our precious marine life is safer, our communities are cleaner, and future generations wont suffer from mountains of plastic”和第五段中的“this is a significant reduction that will benefit the environment as a whole, and our sea life in particular”可知，她们都认为对塑料袋收费有多种好处(海洋生物更安全、社区更干净等)，故b项表述与之相符。7which may be the best title of the passage?aplastic bags harm the environment a lotbbenefits from less use of plastic bagscmeasures taken to reduce use of plastic bagsd5p charge sees great reduction of plastic bags解析：选d标题归纳题。本文的主旨句是第一段的第一句“british shoppers will take home about 6 billion fewer singleuse plastic bags this year because the government introduced a 5p charge .”，故d项“5便士收费政策目睹了塑料袋使用的大大减少”作标题最佳。c(2018河北衡水一中模拟)a supermarket checkout assistant was praised after refusing to serve a shopper who was talking on her mobile phone.sainsbury was forced to apologize to the customer who complained when she was told her goods would not be scanned unless she hung up. jo clarke, 26, said, “i couldnt believe how rude she was. when did she have the right to given me a lecture on checkout etiquette? i wont be shopping there again.” but users of social media sites and internet forums (论坛) were very angry that the store had given in. “perhaps this is a turning point for mobile phone users everywhere. when chatting, keep your eye on the people around you. that includes people trying to serve you, other road and pavement users and especially people behind you on the stairs，” said a typical post.“its about time checkout staff fought back at these people incessantly (不停地) chattering on their phones. they can drive anyone crazy. its rude and annoying. i often want to grab someones phone and throw it as far as i can, and i am not even a checkout girl, just a passerby，” said another.will norman of the think tank the young foundation said that the majority of people still valued good manners very highly. “being polite to each other is part of the oil which makes communities work. in our research taxi drivers and shop workers described being invisible which is fine as a oneoff but day after day it makes people feel undervalued. it is quite simply rude，” he said.“new rules of conduct take a while to develop and we are still in a development stage for mobile phones，” he added.siobhan freegard, founder of parenting site netmums. com said, “while this checkout operator doesnt have the right to order customers to switch off the phone, you can see why she felt so frustrated. no matter how busy you are, life is nicer when you and those around you have good manners.”8according to jo clarke, the checkout assistant _.alacked the knowledge of checkout mannersbplayed with a mobile phone while at workcdeserved praise for her modern mannersdhad no right to forbid her from using her mobile phone解析：选d细节理解题。根据第二段“when did she have the right to give me a lecture on checkout etiquette？”可知，这名顾客认为超市收银员没有权利禁止自己使用手机。9the third and fourth paragraphs imply that the public _.afelt sorry for jo clarkes experiencebwere driven crazy by constant phone callscseemed to support the checkout assistantdignored the existence of mobile phone users解析：选c推理判断题。根据第三段“perhaps this is a turning point for mobile phone users everywhere. when chatting, keep your eye on the people around you.”以及第四段“its rude and annoying .”可推知，民众支持这名收银员的行为，认为有的人不知道尊重为他们服务的人们，只顾着自己打电话。10the attitude of siobhan freegard towards the checkout operator was _.adisapprovingbsupportivecneutral dunconcerned解析：选b推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，siobhan freegard认为虽然这名收银员没有权利命令顾客不要打电话，但是我们应该保持良好的行为举止，这样生活才会更美好。故她对这名收银员的行为持支持的态度。11the passage is mainly about _.ahow we can talk on mobile phones while shoppingbwhat good manners mobile phone users should havecwhen we can develop new rules for mobile phone usersdwhether it is rude to talk on your mobile phone while at the checkout解析：选d主旨大意题。本文主要通过描述一名收银员拒绝为一名只顾着打电话的顾客结账的情况，讨论了在结账时打电话是否合适这一问题，提醒读者在生活中要懂得尊重他人，要保持自己良好的行为举止。ddoes happiness have a scent?when someone is happy, can you smell it?you can usually tell when someone is happy based on seeing them smile, hearing them laugh or perhaps from receiving a big hug. but can you also smell their happiness? surprising new research suggests that happiness does have a scent, and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell.for the study, 12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them. all of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers, and all were asked to abstain_from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period.those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell, while researchers monitored their reactions. only women were selected to smell the samples, obviously because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotional signaling.“when a person is happy, his sweat brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell，” said study coauthor gun semin, a professor at koc university in turkey.this is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a scent, but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to others. the study also found that other emotions, such as fear, seem to carry a scent too. this ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell, but it is the first time this has proved to be true of positive feelings.researchers have yet to isolate (分离) exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness smell is, but you might imagine what the potential applications for such a finding could be. happiness perfumes, for instance, could be invented. scent therapies (香味疗法) could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety.perhaps the most surprising result of the study, however, is our broadened understanding of how emotions get communicated, and also how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us.语篇解读：最新的一项研究表明，愉快的心情是有气味的，并且这种气味能够被人们所感知。12what is the main finding of the new research?amen produce more sweats.bwomen are more sensitive to emotional signaling.cpleasant feelings can be smelt out.dnegative emotions have a smell.解析：选c细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“surprising new research suggests that happiness does have a scent, and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell.”可知，新的研究表明，快乐是有气味的，并能够被人们闻到。故选c项。13the underlined part “abstain from” in paragraph 3 probably means “_”. apractice bavoidctry denjoy解析：选b词义猜测题。由第三段第二句“all of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers .”可知，所有参加实验的人员必须是健康的。由此可推断，研究期间，他们不能喝酒和吃味道大的食物，以免影响研究结果。故选b项。14what is a potential application of the new research?aperfumes could help people get closer to each other.bscent therapies could be produced to cure physical diseases.csome smells could help us fight against psychological problems.dsome smells could be created to improve our appearance.解析：选c细节理解题。第七段讲述了此项研究的实际用途。由该段最后两句“happiness perfumes, for instance, could be invented. scent therapies (香味疗法) could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety.”可知，发明快乐香水或香味疗法都能帮助人们对抗沮丧或焦虑等问题，即psychological problems (心理问题)。故选c项。b项physical diseases (身体疾病)与原文不符，故排除。15which of the following statements would the writer probably agree with?asocial surroundings can influence our emotions.bwomen can definitely smell ones happiness because of their better sense.cpositive feelings have already been proved to have a smell before.dresearchers have developed happiness perfumes and scent therapies.解析：选a推理判断题。由最后一段中的“how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us”可知，此项研究带给我们的最大惊喜在于加深了我们对社会环境如何影响我们个人情绪的理解。故选a项。.阅读七选五how northern europeans beat the winter bluesask a child from northern europe to draw two pictures one on a rainy day and a second in the sunshine and this is what you will get: _16_ when a yellow sun sends out some light from the corner, the man is smiling._17_ they think this is true because they are so aware of how their environment affects them. yet that link has no scientific basis. in october 2008, a group of researchers examined the influence of different daily weather factors, including temperature, wind and sunlight, on 1,200 participants. the conclusion was that good or bad weather had little effect on peoples feelings. _18_ a person who is upset on dark or cold days suffers from a negative mood, and he will be likely to experience a sad winter. this is an illness called seasonal affective disorder (sad). _19_ani kalayjian, professor of psychology at fordham university, advises that we should take steps to strengthen the brains system against weatherdriven mood changes. research on sad has been focused on the brains response to darkness and light. when our eyes detect darkness, the brain gives off melatonin (褪黑激素), which starts sleep cycles._20_ it takes over to help us wake up and feel bet