人机交流ENG.doc

Man-machine communicationHarmonious coexistence of human and machine needs thorough exchange, and now the information transmitted between computer system design, so we have to distinguish man and machine boundaries. Speaker at the beginning of the 20th century, a famous poet H.K. s QieSiTeDu once said, it seems that the speakers, we have nothing important things worth invented. the invention that people in the bath, the subway or in the woods when hiking to hear Wagner, or any other trivial and play. We can also hear people already lost time by electronic protection, and the true nature of the synthesized voice doesnt belong in cinemas, speakers. Surround sound will be us into images from Hitler to rest. Delhi cox, these are to incite the popular support to win through the speaker.Since the computer to a colossus awkward posture appear until now, it has more tightly into Peoples Daily life, and has been recognized for medical education and scientific research, and to solve all kinds of major social environment, an important problem. From the people gradually adapted to the computer to computer constantly adapt to the interactive process, who man-machine interaction is not confined to the keyboard input, handles, but with more new form of tiny fingers: action, the vibration and sound in the air and the tongue of the eyes, can achieve information transfer between machine and the persons involved, the dialogue.In 2008, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates natural user interface (with) the concept of natural, and predicting man-machine interactive mode in future years will change, computer keyboard and mouse will become more natural, more intuitive touch, vision and sonic interface. With the technology progress, organic organic (user interface with) also began sadly arisen - biometric sensors, skin, and brain and a computer monitor direct docking, undoubtedly will give human life bring significant influence. The future historians magazine may/June published articles on current, developing all kinds of commercial or already human-computer interaction technology inventory.Touch screenTouch screen in many fields have been widely applied, the most famous is installed in the airport or store the Kiosk self-service equipment, tourists by manual touching screen or shoppers can query information, the check-in, even buy a newspaper.In 2007, Microsoft launched desktop computer, (Surface) brings brand-new touch human-machine interaction pattern. The coffee table resembles the tablet PC desktop completely abandoned the mouse and keyboard, through the voice, pen or touch can finish editing, browse pictures or direct reservation, etc. The display in hard plastic, hidden under a set of camera system captures a command, then carries on the analysis, the understanding and implementation. More surprisingly, mobile phones, players will only on its surface, the goods such as computer can automatic identification and document transmission. Due to the desktop computer screen can divide , and USES the multi-point touch technology for up to 10 users simultaneously.But in June, a strong desktop rivals SONY, a paragraph AtracTable called one of the tea table with computer. AtracTable can put it on the surface of the cell phone for interaction. In addition, this computer is integrated for age, sex, such as the mood analysis system, can use intelligent identification. SONYs aim is to promote the use of environment, including the various industries, industrial, medical game and retail market.Flexible screenUltra-thin, super light of flexible screen has been out of the lab, will soon enter the market DaJiangShan. Many commentators, can use curly flexible display manufacturing fold the paper is the future of e-book.Currently the flexible screen reader ebook a variety of types, including can active luminous but will give readers eyes with excitement and damage organic light emitting diode (LOED) screen, need to use light of liquid crystal display (LCD), and used in the amazon Kindle ebook viewer by American E - the company USES electrophoresis showed but the electronic paper manufacturing technology.Different display technology has advantages and disadvantages, and between different applications market, for instance, the screen refresh rate LOED faster, and E - but the company more energy electronic paper. In the future, newspapers, magazines and even clothing, metope can become screen, show us plenties motion.3D displayDespite the film in early 90 years ago 3D has appeared in 2010, but only truly 3D mede, SONY, panasonic and other manufacturers have announced their 3D television can be marketed in 3D image, will move from cinemas already was well-received sitting room.Current 3D television still need to wear glasses are only the audience can watch the show. Glasses specification can be divided into active shutter 3-d glasses and polarized 3-d glasses, and no two general industrial standard, by the manufacturer self-developed.Although industry thinks, recent films in the 3D world blockbusting, adumbrative family market has been prepared for 3D preparation, however, the general audience, whether can stand for several hours wearing tailor-made glasses watch TV or not. But experts predict, without wearing glasses can watch TV program of 3D again about 10 years will be on the market.Retinal displayRetinal display through low intensity or light emitting diode laser direct image onto the retina, users with no shade of vision.This concept is in 20 years ago, but until recent technological progress to make various retinal display becomes possible. Such light emitting diode, its edge emission than surface emitting light emitting diode light output power, but lower than laser power requirements, and applied to the retina display, can provide a higher and lower cost of brightness. Compared with the traditional monitor, monitor the brightness of the retina, the energy consumption than higher power - there will be greatly reduced.Retinal image is very wide application prospect, such as the on-board monitor, while driving information will be important in the front of the car projection on the windshield, while the driver can see, thus can improve safety, In addition to the military tasks can provide optimal path and soldiers in medical information and tactical operation, the immersion game industry. Japans brother companies in 2005 Japan of the aichi world expo shows the worlds first retinal display. The company has recently announced plans to release a year using red and green and blue laser diode commercial retinal image display.Geographical space trackingGeographical space tracking application potential is just beginning, in the next few years are expected to obtain tremendous progress of technology. Smart phones equipped with global positioning systems, directional apparatus and accelerometer could provide enough information to help users determine the direction and location probably. While improved techniques will likely make tracking accuracy increased to error does not exceed 1 mm.Many of the reality in mobile development based on position, such as strengthen the marketing, tourism and social network, to help the geographical spatial data are used, can provide based on user information associated with a prescription. In the next few years, with tracking precision to further improve the speed and wireless networks, the market will further increase will be.Action recognitionAction recognition is a developing technology, are available in many aspects, such as can be wearable computers, stealth technology, the immersion game and emotions can be calculated (a kind of human emotion to detect, classification, organization and response of the system or application, can help users to obtain high and kind feeling), etc. Past actions identification system focuses on the analysis of the face and hands are the action, but now, researchers also began to shift transferred to body posture, gait and other behavior.Some have the ability to identify the movement control equipment has reached a level of consumer, such as nintendo Wii games consoles, its main controller Wii Remote as a single hand operation of the main features of Remote control is equipped with sensors that can move to exercise and tilt action, will judge arm, hand and wrist player actions reflect in the game, and TV screen of the virtual objects interact.Meanwhile, recognition system is started into the medical field, the doctor without touch screen can control the keyboard or digital images.Tactile interactionTouch human-machine interaction interaction has become the latest technology, it can be produced by the person to feel, a virtual reality. Touch can produce various different feelings, including light touch and touch, pressure, pain, trembling, heat and cold, and therefore artificial simulation of these feelings are different ways.Tactile interactive techniques have been opened many possible applications, including virtual reality, remote-controlled robot, remote medical treatment and training, based on the 3d model design touch. In e-commerce, tactile interaction can also play an important role. For example, customer in apparel online purchase before the first perception, the texture of the wool, and then decide.Tokyo university researchers are developing a called touch (clear) Radar Haptic for users, through the project within a few meters around the environment, and then explore information related to convert trembling or other sensory stimulation to users, so as to improve their ability of space. For blind people, this tactile radar can let them walk in the process of the people around to avoid collision or objects.As technology advances, touch interactive eventually may let us have never before known from some feelings.Can touch type (physical) user interface can touch type (physical) user interface is a kind of natural user interface, this equipment is wonderful in that it is a collection of functions, such as mobile phone, integrated camera, remote controller etc, and always change, but it depends on the user to grasp it.The Massachusetts institute of technologys media lab last launched a named soap (bar of soap) device, its appearance and a laundry soap is little, but, if the user as the mobile phone took it, it will transform the touch screen with a healthy, If you like the camera as holding it, it will automatically LCD viewfinder. One of the mystery is soap with a tri-axial accelerometer and 72 surface sensor, the user can track position and his finger position, then judgment should be change for mobile phone, camera, remote control, PDA or game.But the MIT media lab another invention, is the one with the cookies as a computer, called Siftable. Although its smaller, but also have graphics display, neighborhood detection, wireless communication function with movement. If multiple Siftable arrangement, can make the different kinds of interactive applications, such as mathematics, music creation, colour game mixed picture arrangement, or storyboard game, this to inspire childrens study enthusiasm.Speech recognitionThe machine can talk directly with ability in many fields will have great potential. If both hands can be obtained by speech recognition system of liberation, drive, repairing engines, cooking a meal, or implement a surgery, these activities are able to benefit from it.At present, the speech recognition technology has been applied in call-routing, home automation, voice dialing, and data entry, etc. According to the language of international travelers have started to enter the market FanYiQi language, probably in a few years, people can buy global real-time FanYiQi.Silent voice (read) identification through examination identification, users need not sound, the system can be a signal of laryngeal vocal cords movement, thus converted voice to decipher. But the technology is still in the primary stage of development.In noisy environment, the noisy, silent in the space of underwater or speech recognition is an effective means of input, one day can be pilot, firefighters, swat and perform specific tasks by force. Researchers are trying to use silent speech recognition system to control the king daoud maneuver. With the language barrier, silent voice recognition technology can also through the effective speech synthesis, help them with external exchanges. If the technology development, in the future, people can not chat when typing again.NASA Ames research center, is developing a silent speech recognition system. Researchers said that when a person, regardless of when whispers or meditate on any actual lip and facial movements, the corresponding biological signal. They developed the identification system in both human and chin and fixed size buttons hoarseness special sensors, can capture the brain of the vocal organs to instruction and will these signals reading. This system will eventually be integrated into the cabin crew activity outside space suit, astronauts can pass it to the instrument or robot send silent instructions. The projects chief scientist chuck, QiaoJinSen says, after a few years, silent voice recognition technology can enter commercial application.Human-machine interfaceHuman-machine interface, also called brain-machine interface, it is in the person or animal the brain (or brain training) and external devices connected pathways between directly, if not through direct language and action, the brains thoughts and also can borrow from the pathway to convey.Man-machine interface into the invasive and invasive two kinds. In the man-machine interface, the brain is read by external way, such as the electrode placed on the scalp can interpret eeg activities. Previous scanning need to use conductive gel carefully and fixed electrode scan results would be accurate, but now, even after the technical improvement of electrode position precision, then scanning can also be useful to pick up the signal. The other type of non-invasive interface including magnetoencephalography does cardiography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, etc.And invasive man-machine interface of electrode i