人教版选修八Unit 4 Pygmalion reading学案.docx

unit 4 pygmalion reading学案重点单词1. _(n)情节；阴谋2. _(vi)吹口哨；发出汽笛声；(n)口哨声； 汽笛声3. _(n)皮夹； 钱包4. _(adj)光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的5. _(vt)把分类；把归类6._(n)谈论；言论；评述(vt& vi)谈论；评论；说起7. _(vt)谴责；使注定8. _(n)身份；地位；职位9. adapt (vt)改编；使适应 _ (n)适应(性)；改编本10. wool (n)毛线；绒线 _ (adj) 毛纺的；纯毛的11. uncomfortable (adj) 不舒服的；不安的；不自在的 _ (adv)不舒服地；不自在地12. hesitate (vi) 犹豫；踌躇 _(n)踌躇13. trouble (n)麻烦 _ (adj)带来麻烦的；使人心烦的14. proper (adj)适当的；恰当的 _ (adv)适当地；恰当地15. mistake (n) 错误 _ (adj)(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的重要短语1generally speaking 2in terms of 3make ones acquaintance 4rob sb. of sth. 5a handful of 6伪装；假扮 7(把某人)改变或冒充成 8震惊；惊讶 9避雨 10要是会怎么样呢 关键句型1 , he makes notes. 他一边观察，一边做记录。2but they betray themselves . 但是每次他们一张嘴就会露出马脚。3 i was? 如果我是又怎么样呢？【答案】重点单词1. plot 2. whistle 3. wallet 4. brilliant 5. classify 6. remark7. condemn 8. status 9. adaptation 10. woolen 11. uncomfortably12. hesitation 13. troublesome 14. properly 15. mistaken重要短语1. 一般来说 2. 就来说 3. 结识；与相见4. 抢劫某人某物 5. 一把 6. in disguise 7. pass.off as.8. in amazement 9. shelter from the rain 10. what if.关键句型1. while watching2. every time they open their mouths3. what if之重点单词1. adaptation nc改编(本)；u适应(性)the tv play is an adaptation of a novel 这部电视剧是由一部小说改编的。your adaptation to new surroundings is amazing 你对新环境的适应真是令人惊奇。【知识拓展】 make an adaptation to 适应adapt v(使)适应；(使)适合vt改编，修改adapt (oneself) to.适应adapt.for 为改编adapt sthinto.把改编成adapt sthfrom.由改编this novel has been adapted for radio 这部小说已被改编成无线电广播节目。successful businesses are highly adaptable to economic change 成功的企业对于经济转变的适应能力很强。【易混辨析】adapt/adoptadaptv(使)适应；(使)适合；改编；修改adoptvt采用；采纳；收集he found it hard to adapt his way of life to the firm 他发现他的生活方式很难适应公司(的要求)。the manager adopted my idea经理采纳了我的意见。【跟踪典例】(1)完成句子the vice headmaster_ _/_ _ _ _(适应)the new circumstances with the help of the local residentsluckily，the adventurer charlse from italy has_ _ _(使自己适应)the new conditions(2)用adopt或adapt完成下列句子all his suggestions have been _the number of the _ children (领养的孩子)has risen in the past yearthis tv series is _ from one of lao shes famous novels2. grant v同意，准许，允许；承认the bank finally granted a 400 loan to me/the bank finally granted me a 400 loan 银行终于同意给我贷款400英镑。are you ready to grant that i was right？ 你是否愿意承认我是对的？【知识拓展】 take it for granted(that.) 认为是理所当然take sb/sthfor granted(因习以为常)对不予重视； (因视为当然而)不把当回事i take it for granted(that)you have read this book 我认为你一定读过这本书。he never praises his wife： he just takes her for granted 他从不夸妻子，只是觉得她做的一切理当如此。【跟踪典例】用恰当词语填空i just took _ for granted that hed always be around【答案】it句意：我还想当然地以为他总能随叫随到呢。take it for granted(that.)表示“认为是理所当然的”。3. hesitate vi犹豫；踌躇 做某事犹豫不决dont hesitate to contact me if you need more information. 如果你需要更多资料，尽管和我联系。he was still hesitating about whether to leave or not. 他还在犹豫是否离开。【知识拓展】 hesitation n犹豫；踌躇 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事without any hesitation，he jumped into the river to save the drowning child他毫不犹豫地跳下河去救溺水的孩子。【跟踪典例】 (1)完成句子他毫不犹豫地接受了邀请。 he accepted the invitation _ _(hesitate)对于买新车一事，你还在犹豫不决吗？ do you still _ _ _ a new car？(buy) (2)补全句子 我们将为你服务。如果你有其他问题，尽管来找我们好了。 we are at your servicedont_ _ _ _ _if you have any further problems（3）we are at your service. dont _ to turn to us if you have any further problems. a. beg b. hesitate c. desire d. seek 4. mistaken adj(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的if im not mistaken，thats the man we saw on the bus 要是我没认错人的话，我们在公共汽车上看见的就是那个男子。【知识拓展】be mistaken about.对持错误的见解mistake.for.把错认为mistake sb/sth误解/误会某人/某事mistake n错误by mistake 错误地he is mistaken about happiness他对幸福持有错误的见解。this time we find that the bees mistake red for dark grey or black 这时我们发现，蜜蜂错把红色当成深灰色或黑色。i hope you will forgive me for opening your letter by mistake 我误拆了您的信，期望您原谅。【跟踪典例】完成句子to some extent，you_ _ _(误会)himdeep in thought，i got on the train_ _(错误地)在过去人们把信仰错认为科学。in the old days people _ _ _ _ _ _.5. classify vt编排；分类；归类classify.as.把归类为o/in.把分为classify.by/according to根据将分类 the books in the library are classified by subject 图书馆的书是按科目分类的。she is classified as one of the greatest actresses of our times. 她被认为是我们这个时代的最伟大的女演员之一。librarians spend a lot of time classifying books into several parts. 图书馆工作人员花许多时间将书分类成几部分。【知识拓展】classified adj分类的；归类的classification nu分类；分级；c类别；等级【易混辨析】classify，sort，organize与arrange 这些动词均含“使有条理，安排”之意。(1)classify指按照事物类型、质量或是否相似进行分类。we will classify these subjects under three topics 我们将把这些问题分成三个主题。(2)sort 通常指根据类型或种类分类或整理选择。i sorted the shoes into pairs我把鞋一双双整理好。(3)organize 指按计划或需要把人或物安排组织成一个整体。a search party was organized to look for the man trapped in the snow 为了寻找在雪中被困的人，我们成立了一个搜索队。(4)arrange 指按计划、秩序、需要和可能等进行安排。a special show was arranged to admit free the family members of the miners 安排了一个专场来免费招待矿工家属。【跟踪典例】 (1)用classify的适当形式填空people who work in libraries spend a lot of time _ booksonly eleven of these accidents were _ as majorthe _ of fish is extremely complicatedif you look in the _ part of the telephone book youll find plenty of hotels (2)用恰当词语填空would you classify her novels _ serious literature or as mere entertainment？【答案】（1）classifyingclassifiedclassificationclassified（2）as句意：你认为她的小说属于文学类呢，还是属于通俗读物类？classify sb/sthas sth表示“划分；界定”。6. remark n谈论；言论；评述 vt& vi谈论；评论；说起make a remark/remarks on/about 就发表意见；对评头品足make no remark 什么也不说；不加评论remark that 评论remark on/upon 谈论/评论pass remarks about/at sb议论某人she could hear the other girls making rude remarks about her. 她可以听见其他女孩在说她的坏话。a local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law一家地方报纸评论说由于强有力的法律措施，车祸在减少。profsmith remarked on the difference between the two dictionaries史密斯教授谈到了这两本词典的不同之处。【知识拓展】remarkable adj引人注目的；不寻常的；非凡的the writer，mo yan，got remarkable(remark) achievements in writing. 作家莫言在写作上取得了非凡的成绩。【跟踪典例】完成句子please_ _/_ _ _ _(说一说/评论一下)“one world one dream”，the theme of the beijing olympicsyou might engage in small talk and_ _ /_ _ _ _(谈谈，说一 说)the weather，your job or current events【答案】remark on/make a remark onremark about/make a remark about7. betray vt出卖；背叛；显露出(本来面目)betray oneself露出本来面目；原形毕露betray.to.把出卖给betray ones trust辜负某人的信 in failing to return the money he betrayed our trust 他未能归还那笔钱从而辜负了我们的信任。quite a lot of people will betray themselves when tempted by money. 相当多的人面对金钱的诱惑便原形毕露。he betrayed the news to all his friends. 他向所有的朋友透露了这个消息。【知识拓展】betray ones country to the enemy 卖国；做卖国贼betray state secrets 泄露国家机密betray a secret to sb向某人泄露秘密betray oneself 暴露本来面目；原形毕露betrayal n背叛；出卖a betrayal of my principles 对我的原则的背弃行为an act of betrayal 背叛的行为注意：betray的用法和意思与give away相近。如：he gave away the state secrets to the enemy他向敌人泄露了国家机密。his accent gave him away他的口音把他暴露了。【跟踪典例】完成句子for years，the man has been _ state secrets _ (向出卖)foreign countriesquite a lot of greedy people will_ _(原形毕露)when tempted by moneyi dont want to _ _ all my secrets(泄露)(用give的相关词组)【答案】betraying；tobetray themselvesgive away8. condemn vt谴责，判刑，宣告有罪（与to连用）) 迫使接受（困境），使注定condemn sb/sthfor/as sth由于某事而谴责某人或某事condemn sb.to(do) sth. 使某人注定(做)某事；迫使某人陷于不幸的境地；判处某人condemn sb.to deathsentence sb.to death 判处某人死刑the editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity 这家报纸的主编被指责为不够正直。the papers were quick to condemn him for his mistake. 报纸及时地指责出他的错误。as an old person，one is often condemned to live alone 老年人常出于无奈而独自生活。the judge condemned the killer to death(die) 法官宣判那位杀手死刑。【知识拓展】(1)condemnation n定罪；谴责；指责conditional condemnation 缓刑social condemnation 社会谴责(2)condemnable adj该罚的；接受责备的condemned adj已被定罪的；已被定罪者使用的；受谴责的【名师点津】condemn sb.to.既可以表示“使某人处于困境(或不愉快的状况)”，又可以表示“判处某人”，其中to可作介词也可作不定式符号。【易混辨析】condemn/scold/blame/accuse这些动词均含有“责备，非难”之意。(1)condemn正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责。we condemn cruelty and cruel people我们谴责残忍行为和残忍的人。(2)scold普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。did you scold her for breaking it？她把那件东西打破了，你骂她了吗？(3)blame普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。she blamed him for the failure of their marriage/blamed the failure of their marriage on him她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。(4)accuse语气比blame强，本义为归罪，可用作指非难或谴责之意。man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes人类常把自己的不幸归咎于天。【跟踪典例】 (1)完成句子the criminal _ _ _ _ (被判处死刑)his illness _ _ _ _ _ _(使他卧床) all the time (2)用恰当形式填空he was condemned_(spend) the rest of the football season on the bench9. acquaintance n相识；熟人；了解make ones acquaintance结识；与相识make the acquaintance of sbhave some acquaintance with熟悉/了解have a little acquaintance with sb/sth稍微了解have no acquaintance with不熟悉/了解ive been looking forward to making the acquaintance of her for a long time. 我很久以来一直盼望着与她相识。i have some acquaintance with french，but i do not know it well. 我懂得一点法语，但不精通。my father has a nodding acquaintance with the professor. 我父亲与这位教授有点头之交。i had little acquaintance with modern poetry我对现代诗所知甚少。【特别提示】acquaintance用作不可数名词，表“熟悉，认识”，有时在其前加不定冠词，表某种程度的熟悉与了解，与with连用；用作可数名词时，表“熟悉的人”。【知识拓展】acquaint vt使熟悉；了解acquaint sbwith 使某人了解be acquainted withbe familiar with对熟悉he quickly acquainted himself with the facts of the case 他很快熟悉了案情。【跟踪典例】 (1)完成句子我懂一点儿俄语。i _ _ _ _ _ _请把这件事的情况告诉我。please _ me with the facts _ the case (2)用恰当词语填空we have been acquainted _ each other for a long time10. superior adj优秀的；较高的；上级的n上级；长官this handbag is made of superior leather这只手提包由上等皮革制成。johnson is superior to mr. wang in mathematics. 约翰逊的数学比王先生好。he always does what his superiors tell him. 他唯上级之命是从。【特别提示】superior作为暗含比较级的形容词，意为“较高级的、较好的、较为优秀的”，因此不能在前面再加more。在与另一个事物进行比较时，与之搭配的介词要用to，不能用than。【知识拓展】be superior to.比优越(更好、强)be inferior to.低于；不如；在之下be senior to.比年长(资深)be junior to.比年轻(资浅)nobody wants you to be superior to them没有人愿意你超出他们。he is senior to me他比我年长。【跟踪典例】完成句子this model is technically_ _(优于)its competitorsthere are some people_ _ _(级别比我低)【答案】superior tojunior to me之重点短语1. bring sb/sthto life 使更有趣；使更生动the new teacher really brought french to life for us新来的老师给我们把法语教得生动活泼。flowers can bring a dull room back to life鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。【知识拓展】 come to life 变得活跃；动起来；醒过来come around/round 恢复知觉；苏醒come to oneself/ones senses 苏醒【跟踪典例】补全句子我们邀请特德吧有他到就会热闹起来。lets invite tedhe knows how to _ a party to _用恰当词语或形式填空he was down at the mouth all evening，but as soon as his girl friend came in he came_life【答案】bring；life句意：bring sb/sthto life表示“使更有趣； 使更生动”。to句意：他一晚上都垂头丧气，但他的女朋友一来，他就活跃起来了。come to life 表示“变得更有趣(或 使人兴奋)；变得活跃”。2. take.for.把看作；误认为i wont tell her the secretwhat do you take me for？ 我不会把这秘密告诉她的你把我当什么人了？even the expert took the painting for a genuine of van gogh 连专家都误认为这幅画是梵高的真迹。【知识拓展】take.to be/as 把看作；误认为mistake.for.误将认作they just take me as a child 他们把我当作一个孩子对待。【跟踪典例】用恰当词语或形式填空i _ (take)for a detective by the family next doorshe took what he said_a compliment3. pass.off as.(把某人)改变或冒充成he tried to pass himself off as a qualified doctor. 他冒充成有执业资格的医师。she passed herself off as an american to escape the fine. 为逃避罚款，她冒充是美国人。【知识拓展】pass away去世pass by通过；经过；未影响pass for/as(错误地)被看作pass out昏过去；失去知觉pass down(世代)相传pass on转交；递给；传给pass.on to.把传递给pass over忽略；避免提及或考虑pass up放弃；拒绝pass through经过；路过pass off进行到最后；(以某种方式)发生并完成【跟踪典例】填入适当的介副词he escaped by passing himself _ as a guardhis mother passed _ last year because of canceri passed _ your housethe good tradition has been passed _ from generation to generationshe passed _ a difficult period after her marriage failed【答案】offawaybydownthrough4. in terms of 就来说；从角度in terms of money im quite rich, but not in terms of happiness. 金钱，我富有，幸福，我缺乏。teachers think in terms of problems. 老师从问题的角度考虑。the job is great in terms of salary，but it has its disadvantages 就薪金而言，这个工作倒是挺不错的，但它也有不利之处。【知识拓展】come to terms with 达成协议；和好；接受；适应be on good/bad terms 关系良好/不好in the long/short term就长远/短期而言in ones terms在某人看来on equal terms 在平等的条件下【名师点津】其他由“in名词of”构成的短语：in memory of为了纪念in case of以防；万一in charge of负责；管理in face of面临；不顾in favour of支持；有利于in need of需要in search of搜寻in possession of占有，拥有in honour of纪念，尊重in view of鉴于，考虑到in spite of尽管in praise of赞扬in place of代替in fear of担心，害怕【语境助记】in terms of business，they are on good terms while in terms of friendship，they are on bad terms.就生意方面来说，他们关系很好；然而从友谊角度来说，他们关系却不好。【跟踪典例】 (1)完成句子就钱而论，他们很富有。_ _ _ _，theyre quite rich他多年来一直与父亲关系不好。he had been _ _ _ _ his father for years(2)补全句子it is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated_ _ _(从的角 度)overall qualitylearning is not always easy，but it is always beneficial_ _ _ _(从长远的 角度看)this project is_ _ _ _(迫切需要)funding5. generally speaking一般来说generally speaking，those who pay attention to physical exercise are in good health. 一般来说，那些注意体育锻炼的人身体健康状况良好。【知识拓展】 (1)在某些结构中，如果主语和逻辑主语不一致，在非谓语动词前不带逻辑主语是因为其逻辑主语是泛指的人称。类似结构除了generally speaking还有exactly speaking/strictly speaking/to be honest/to tell you the truth等。judging from what you say，he ought to succeed 从你的话看，他应当能成功。taking everything into consideration，you should leave 考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。(2)当句子含有先行主语it或there时，有时作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一致。having so little time，there was not much that i could do 由于时间很少，我能做的事很有限。being french，its surprising that shes such a terrible cook 她是法国人，做饭却做得那么糟，这真是令人感到惊讶。(3)当分词已转化为介词或连词时，也无需考虑主语一致问题。considering the distance，he arrived every quickly 考虑到路程，他来的算是很快的。(considering为介词，意为“考虑到”)supposing she doesnt come，what shall we do？ 假如她不来，我们怎么办？(supposing为连词，意为“假如”)given their inexperience，theyve done a good job 考虑到他们没有经验，这工作已做得很不错了。(given为介词，意为“考虑到”)(4)当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时，也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。in doing such work，patience is needed 做这种工作需要耐心。(when one does such work，patience is needed)【跟踪典例】补全句子_ _(一般来说)，each university has its own special fields_ _ _(说实话)，the pay isnt attractive enough，though the job itself is quite interesting【答案】generally speaking句意为“一般来说，每所大学都有自己的专长”。generally speaking“一般来说”，故 c项符合题意。to be honest句意：说实话，尽管这份工作很有意思，但是薪水并不够吸引人。to be honest“说实话”， 符合题意。之重点句型1. while watching, he makes notes.他一边观察，一边作记录。 此句为主从复合句，含有while引导的状语从句。while watching为状语从句的省略，其完整形式应为：while he is watching。状语从句的省略的条件为：（1）从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语为it。（2）从句的谓语动词中含有be动词。when i was waiting for a bus, i met mary.when waiting for a bus, i met mary.我在等车时，碰到了玛丽。i can discuss the matter with you now, if it is necessary.i can discuss the matter with you now, if necessary.有必要的话，我现在就可以与你讨论这个问题。【跟踪典例】when_ for his views about his teaching job, philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.a. askingb. askedc. having askedd.to ask【答案】b 2. will that be of any use to you？这点儿钱对你有用吗？of any use相当于useful，在句中作表语。“of名词”是一个常用结构，这种结构可在句中作表语、后置定语和补语。该结构的常见类型：(1)be of表示“年龄(age)、大小(size)、颜色(color)、重量(weight)、高度(height)、价格(price)、意见(opinion)、 形状(shape)、种类(kind)和方法(way)等”的名词：这些名词没有相应的形容词形式，因此不能用“be形 容词”来代替“beofn”，用在这些名词前的限定词常是a，an，the，the same，my，your等，of表 示“具有”，有时可省去。we are of the same age我们同岁。(2)be of抽象名词(value，importance，use，help等)；主要用于说明主语的性质。常用于名词前的修饰语有 great，little，some，any，no，not，much等。这一结构相当于“be抽象名词所对应的形容词”，of不能省。the advice are of great help/very helpful to them这个建议对他们来说是很有帮助的。【跟踪典例】句型转换the book will be very valuable to students of history. =the book will be _ _ _ to students of h