北师大版选修七Unit 19 language language awareness学案.docx

unit 19 language language awareness学案从句定义句型例句主语从句在句子中，起到主语作用的从句，叫主语从句。常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面what/where/when/how/who/whose/whether+主语谓语meant/suggested /is /was that主语从句, 表示一件事情what the boss said really meant youd better buy this kind of mobile phone.whether既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句，但if不能引导主语从句。whether后面可以加or not, 而if不能与or not连用。作介词宾语时不用ifwhether or not shell learn a second foreign language isnt clear.it+be +形容词 easy, obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely certain, probable, etc. + that 从句。that没有意义，但不能省略。that引导宾语从句时可以省略it is easy to show that there are many differences in the same language of different cultures.it+be +名词词组no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc. + that 从句it is an honor that a middle school student can communicate with foreigners with gestures as well as english.it+be+ 过去分词 hoped, believed, known, said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, ect. + that从句it was recently reported that one in ten boy students in our city own a superb telephone.宾语从句在句子中，起到宾语作用的从句，叫宾语从句。常用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放在后面what/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/how引导宾语从句表示一件事情the small children dont know what is in their stockings.常见的可以接从句作宾语的动词有realise, see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider等we consider it rude that one speaks to others when his mouth is full of food.we consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句，这类词有sure, glad , certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied 等，连词that 可省略we are glad that we can keep in touch with my foreign pen friends by sending colorful text messages.表语从句在句子中，起到表语的作用的从句，叫表语从句where, why, because, how等词引导的从句常作this is 或that is 的表语。表示地点、原因、方式等the reason why we cant follow the foreigners is that they speak too fast.this is where he worked ten years ago.主语是reason时，表语从句常用that引导，而不用becausethe reason for his absence is that he was ill.what/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/how引导表语从句表示一件事情the girl is not what she was ten years ago so she doesnt always do as her father tells her to. as, as if 有时引导表语从句as time goes on, our daily life isnt as it used to be.同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等i heard the news that our team had won.ive come from mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon.英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how, when, where等（注：if, which不能引导同位语从句）he must answer the question whether he agrees to purchase this kind of mobile phone or not.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开on the new years eve ，word came that hu jintao himself was coming to inspect them.同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容，而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况the idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等the idea that he gave surprises many people.she made a promise that she would give me a present on my birthday.活学活用1._ team wins on saturday will go through to the national championships.a. no matter whatb. no matter whichc. whateverd. whichever答案:d解析:本题考查主语从句的用法，whichever引导的主语从句whichever team wins在整个句子中作主语。no matter what和no matter which只能引导状语从句，由此排除a、b两项。whichever 作team的定语，故选d项。2. nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class_ he had to meet his uncle in the airport.a. why b. thatc. whered. because答案:b解析:本题考查同位语从句。句意为“没有人相信他迟到的理由是他必须去机场接他叔叔”。that引导的同位语从句he had to meet his uncle at the airport是对his reason的解析，that只起连接作用，无实际意义。3. we havent settled the question of_ it is necessary for him to study abroad.a. ifb. wherec. whetherd. that答案:c解析:本题考查宾语从句。句意：“出国留学对他来说是否有必要的这个问题我们还没有解决。”此处应填一个引导介词宾语从句的连词，根据“是否”之意，排除掉b、d两项。if作“是否”讲时，引导的从句不能作介词的宾语，所以排除a项。4. elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _it is rough or smooth.a. 不填b. whetherc. howd. what答案:b解析:从语法上分析，and后面的部分也应是tell的宾语，所以要填一个宾语从句引导词，whether表示“是否”。5. mums question is that what present _for your birthday?a. you expect she has gotb. you expect has she gotc. do you expect she has gotd. do you expect has she got答案:a解析:表语从句中what引导的特殊疑问句应该为陈述语序。expect后面接宾语从句，宾语从句应用陈述语序。6.it is generally considered unwise that_ a child wants must be given to him or her.a. however b. whateverc. whichever d. whenever答案:b解析:whatever具有泛指的概念，引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what，因为题意是“无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么是不明智的”，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。7.i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week.is that_ you had a few days off?a. why b. whenc. that d. where答案:a解析:why引导的从句在句中作表语。8. chinas success in manned-spacecraft travel proves _our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.a. what b. whichc. 不填 d. itthat答案:c解析:该句中的从句作proves的宾语从句，因为从句中不缺少主语、宾语，所以只能用that引导，引导宾语从句时that可以省略。但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时，that不能省。课文难句破解1. it was predicted as early as the 1700s that english would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.早在18世纪，就预测到英语有一天将会成为全球性语言，在最近几十年里，这一点得到了证明。剖析 本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。拓展 为了避免头重脚轻，常常用it作形式主语，而把真正主语放在后面。常用的结构还有：1）it过去分词从句it is predicted that. . . 据预测it is said that. . . 据说it is believed that. . . 大家相信it is reported that. . . 据报道2）it is形容词从句it is natural that. . . 很自然it is strange that. . . 奇怪的是2. some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language, you need to be surrounded by it.一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。剖析 1）本句中that引导的是宾语从句。2）to attain a high level是不定式作目的状语。拓展 1）引导宾语从句的连接词有:连词that(在口语中that常可省略), if, whether；连接代词who, whom, whose, which；连接副词when, where, how, why。2)过去分词在句子中作定语，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句，单个的过去分词位于被修饰的名词前面，过去分词短语作定语，常位于被修饰的名词后面。除了过去分词短语，作后置定语的短语还有现在分词短语、介词短语和形容词短语等。3. what this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in english conveyed to the students through various mediums.这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。剖析 这是一个主从复合句，what this means是主句, that引导的是表语从句。conveyed to the students through various mediums是过去分词用作后置定语，修饰an adequate amount of input.拓展 conveyed to sb. 向某人传达、表达某事或某种表情。如：i want to convey to my students that reading is the most important in learning a foreign language. 我想告诉学生们，读是学习外语中最重要的。4. this can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.足够量的语言输入可以以高质量的阅读和听力材料的形式呈现。剖析 1）这是一个主从复合句，this can take the form of reading and listening materials是主句, which引导的是限制性定语从句。2）take the form / take a form of“以的形式出现、存在”。如：a typical training programme takes the form of a series of workshops. 一种典型的培训方案是以系列研讨的形式出现的。拓展 在定语从句中that, which, who, whose名词常作主语、表语、宾语，whom只能作表语和宾语，where常作地点状语，when常作时间状语。5. you would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well.你可能会认为父亲在祝贺儿子某事做得好。剖析 这是一个主从复合句，you would probably think是主句, that引导的是宾语从句。 congratulate on意为“祝贺，向道贺”，介词on后常接动名词。拓展 动名词常作on, about, after, against, at, before, besides, by, for, from, in, since, without等介词的宾语。如：he never complained about being sent to work far away.他从不抱怨被派到远方工作。besides knowing english, he is fluent in german.他除了懂英语, 还能流利地说德语。6. it is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to and sometimes even replace spoken language.这是一种没有词语，由手势、面部表情和身体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了有时甚至取代了口头语言。剖析 1）这是一个主从复合句，it is a language without words是主句, it指上文中的body language；that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements是定语从句, 修饰language。2）consist of 由组成，由构成。如：the delegation consisted of ten teachers and fifty students. 代表团由10名教师和50名学生组成。拓展 it作主语具有下面的意义：1）it指上文提到的人、物和事情。2）it表示时间、地点、天气、距离等。3）it用于构成强调结构。7. body language can therefore make peoples feelings more transparent as although we can lie wi