北师大版选修七Unit 21 human biology lesson 1 super athletes A学案.docx

unit 21 human biology lesson 1 super athletes a学案.词义匹配1supremeato move around or through something2interval bto exchange3circulate cto change food in your stomach into substances that your body can use4digest da period between two events or times, or the space between two points5swap ehaving the highest rank, level or importance6annual fthe ability to hear7hearing ghappening once every year答案：14 edac57 bgf.根据词性及汉语意思写出单词1abusevt.滥用2fundamentaladj. 根本的，基本的3compulsoryadj. 强制性的，义务的4controversialadj. 有争议的5contradictvt. 与(其他事物) 相矛盾6dashn. 短跑7toleratevt.容忍tolerancen忍受，容忍8seekvt.寻找sought (过去式)sought (过去分词)9opposevt.反对opposedadj.反对的，相反的10violatevt.违反，违背violationn违反11mineraln矿物minen矿，矿山.补全短语1compare .with .和相比较2in silence 沉默地，无声地3out of breath上气不接下气4at random 随便地，随意地5rather than而不是6at all costs 不惜一切代价，无论如何7slow down降低8all the time总是，经常9be close to靠近；离近10break out (战争、火灾、疫病等)突然爆发11suffer from(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受难，受折磨12contribute to有助于，促成13in vain 徒劳，白费力气1many contemporary amateur athletes would have broken world records if they had taken part in the first olympic games.假如许多当代业余选手参加了第一届奥运会的话，他们有可能打破世界纪录。句式分析本句为虚拟条件句。对过去事实进行假设的虚拟条件句用：“if主语had done sth.”主句用“主语would have done sth.”佳句赏析如果你早听取我的意见，你就不会考试失利的。if you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.2unless we are careful, “genetherapy” will be the next big threat.除非小心翼翼，否则“基因疗法”将会成为下一个巨大的威胁。句式分析本句为主从复合句，unless引导条件状语从句。佳句赏析除非我被邀请，否则我不会去参加晚会的。i wont go to the party unless im invited.3in the future, athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.将来，改变了基因的运动员有可能创下仅8秒的百米纪录或不到两个小时的马拉松长跑纪录。句式分析have their genes changed为“have sth. done”“让某事被做”。佳句赏析我们刚才请人把机器修好了。we had the machine mended just now.4(长难句分析)floyd landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.弗洛伊德兰蒂斯给出了几种毫无说服力的辩解。推诿说药物是为了治疗伤痛而服用的，但这些都是徒劳的。句式分析本句为并列复合句。please match champion athletes with their achievements.donovan bailey (canada)(1)florence griffith joyner (usa)(2)joanna hayes (usa)(3)liu xiang(china) (4)michael phelps(usa) (5)a.mens 100 m butterfly swimming (2004)bmens 110 m hurdles (2004)cholds the womens 100 m world record (1996)dholds the mens 100 m world record (1996)ewomens 100 m hurdles (2004)答案：(1)(5)dceba.fastreading1choose the best answer according to the text.what is the general idea of the passage?athe athletes who took part in the first olympic games are not as fast as athletes today.bdoping is a huge problem in the sporting world.cthe present and future of the sporting world is being seriously and negatively affected by doping and genetherapy.dben johnson, florence griffith and floyd landis have all shocked the world by their speed.答案：c2decide whether the statements are true (t) or false (f)taking performanceenhancing drugs is allowed because they can cure diseases.()the drugs are developed to help athletes to perform better.()athletes doping in games are considered to have cheated.()its easy to catch athletes using illegal drugs because they perform much better.()drug tests can prevent all cases of using illegal drugs.()答案：fftff.carefulreadingread the text carefully and then fill in the chart with the information in the text.100 metres in 8 seconds？records have been dropping_falling in track and field usually because of better equipment, training and diet. doping and genetherapy are two worrying issues at sports contests.dopingperformanceenhancing drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses. athletes taking these drugs are faster and stronger than is normal for human beings. they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.doping is a form of cheating. some athletes were caught doping and some records remain doubtful.doping is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural_limits.new drugs are developed all the time and drug tests are often one step behind.gene-herapyscientists have found ways to build muscle and increase strength by changing peoples genes.many people oppose further research into genetherapy.if athletes had their genes changed, it would be almost impossible to find_out. doping and genetherapy violate the olympic spirit, which emphasises taking part rather than winning.考点1circulate vi.&vt.循环；传播；散布经典例句the ocean water circulates in the same way every year.海水每年以同样的方式循环流动。open a window to allow the air to circulate.开窗使空气流通。he went to india to circulate his knowledge of farming.他去印度传播农耕知识。word familycircle n圆，环circular adj.圆形的，循环的circulate vi.循环circulation n血液循环；(货币等)流通exercise will increase muscle strength and improve blood circulation.锻炼会增强肌肉力量，并促进血液循环。1选词填空： circle, circular, circulate, circulationshe paid a circular visit among her relations.we observed the circulation of blood in frogs.the children linked hands to make a circlethe news of her death circulated quickly among her neighbors.2翻译句子这种疾病阻碍了血液的循环畅通。the_disease_prevents_the_blood_from_circulating_freely.rumours about his financial problems began to circulate.有关他财务问题的谣言开始流传。考点2digest vt.& vi.消化vt.理解，领悟n.摘要，文摘教材原句it digests your food and sends vitamins and minerals into the blood.它消化你的食物，将维生素和矿物质送入血液中。(1)vt.& vi.消化cheese doesnt digest easily.乳酪不易消化。humans cannot digest plants such as grass.人不能消化像草一样的植物。you should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest.饭后你应该留点时间让食物消化一下。(2)vt.理解，领悟it often takes a long time to digest new ideas.吸收新思想往往需要很长一段时间。i have digested most of the important points in the book.我领悟了书中大部分要点。(3)n.摘要，文摘，汇编readers digest is quite popular among us students.读者文摘深受我们学生欢迎。名师点津digest作动词时的读音为daidest，作名词时的读音为daidest。辨析比较taste品尝digest消化swallow吞咽chew咀嚼1选词填空： digest, swallow, chew, tasteyou should digest the important points in the book.he was so hungry that he swallowed all our food.his broken jaw made it impossible for him tochewthats the best wine ive ever tasted2完成句子生病时吃鱼容易消化。fish is easy_to_digest when youre ill.我花了很长时间才把听到的东西弄明白。it took me a long time to_digest_what_i_had_heard他书读得很快，但什么也没学到。he read rapidly but didnt_digest_anything.考点3abuse vt.滥用n.谩骂，弊端教材原句taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.众所周知，服用这些药物就是服用“兴奋剂”。尽管兴奋剂有助于提高成绩，但同时也会给那些滥用兴奋剂的运动员在日后生活中带来健康问题。you are always abusing and offending people.你总是出言不逊得罪人。(1)vt.滥用；虐待；谩骂abuse ones power/privilege滥用职权/特权abuse ones trust/confidence 背信弃义all the children had been physically and emotionally abused.所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。the privilege was abused.这一特权被滥用了。(2)n.滥用，恶习，辱骂the government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。another man started pouring abuse at the woman.另外一个人开始朝那个女人破口大骂。1单句语法填空the careless employee was often abused (abuse) by his boss.he was punished for abusing (abuse) his position for personal gains.i cant stand his giving me much abuse (abuse) for no fault.2翻译句子不要滥用你的特权。dont_abuse_your_privilege.这位农夫经常虐待他的妻子。the_farmer_often_abuses_his_wife.he got illegal profits for himself by his abuse of the power.他滥用职权为自己取得非法利益。考点4tolerate vt.容忍教材原句the sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.体育界不能容忍兴奋剂，是因为它是一种影响力很大的作弊形式。at first the new surroundings were difficult for me to tolerate.开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。we couldnt tolerate any crime in our campus.在校园里我们不能容忍有任何犯罪行为。there is a limit to what one person can tolerate.一个人的容忍是有限度的。can/cant tolerate doing sth.(不)能容忍做某事i cant tolerate her lying to me.我受不了她对我说慌。 名师点津tolerate的同义词(组)有： stand, bear, endure (忍耐), put up with, live with。she refused to bear to be called a liar.她拒绝接受被别人称为撒谎者。im not going to put up with their smoking any longer.我再也不能忍受他们吸烟了。1单句语法填空the pain has become tolerable (tolerate)he was tolerant (tolerate) of different views.she had no tolerance (tolerate) for jokes of any kind at all.your behavior wont be tolerated (tolerate) in our house, so you have to be careful.the school cant tolerate cheating (cheat) in exams.2句型转换i cant bear you to be left alone.i cant_ tolerate/stand_ your_ being_ leftalone.考点5seek (sought, sought) v寻找，追求教材原句doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径比赛中的一个问题，它同时也是其他比赛项目的一些运动员准备作弊，企图获取超出自身身体极限的运动成绩的一种手段。they are seeking a better way to solve the problem.他们正在寻求一个更好的解决这个问题的办法。seek to do sth.设法、企图做某事seek after/for 追求，探索seek through 找遍seek out 搜寻出；挑选出；找到seek ones fortune 外出寻找发财机会，外出闯荡the young writer seeks to write a book which will be sought by the readers.那位年轻作家试图写一本受读者欢迎的书。why do modern people seek after material possessions?为什么现在的人们追求物质财富？he sought out a shady spot where he might sit down and rest.他找到了一个可以坐下来休息的阴凉地方。名师点津(1)seek的过去式，过去分词为sought, sought；(2)seek后可接不定式作宾语，但不可接动名词。they sought to find some place for shelter.他们试图找到一个藏身的地方。1单句改错i sought setting an example for my kids.settingto_set2完成句子我们在认真地寻求真理。we are earnestly seeking_after_the_truth我从没试图掩藏我的看法。i have never sought_to_hide_my_view在中国数以亿计的农民工涌入大城市以寻求发财之路。billions of farmers pour into big cities to seek_their_fortune in china.考点6oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠教材原句genetherapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.基因疗法是很有争议的，而且许多人反对对其进一步研究。the plan of building a new airport will be strongly opposed by the local residents.修建新机场的计划将会遭到当地居民的强烈反对。(1)oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事oppose oneself to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(2)opposite prep. 在的对面adj. 对立的，不同的，相反的(3)opposition n. 反对，抵抗；反对派，对手all the members present opposed the plan bitterly.所有与会成员都坚决反对这个计划。his parents are opposed to his marrying the girl.他父母反对他与这个姑娘结婚。名师点津oppose为及物动词；object为不及物动词；against为介词。oppose object to be against反对do you oppose the plan or support it?do you object to the plan or support it?are you against the plan or for it?你反对这一计划还是支持它？1单句语法填空the suggestion was bitterly opposed (oppose) by most members.she is very much opposed (oppose) to his going abroad.she turned and walked off in the opposite (oppose) direction.he is strongly opposed to dieting.2一句多译工人们反对星期天工作。the workers oppose_working on sundays.the workers object_to_working on sundays.the workers are_against_working on sundays.考点7in vain徒然，白费力气教材原句floyd landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.弗洛伊德兰迪斯给出几种毫无说服力的辩解，推诿说药物是为了治疗伤痛而服用的，但这些都是徒劳的。money spent on the brain is never spent in vain.花在脑子上的钱没有冤枉钱。smoking leaves sam in poor health. his wife has tried in vain to persuade him to quit smoking, though.吸烟使萨姆的健康状况很差。但是，他妻子试图劝说他戒烟却是徒劳的。(1)try in vain to do sth. 枉费心机/徒劳无益做某事(2)vain adj. 徒劳的；自负的；虚荣的be vain about 对感到自负he tried, but in vain.他试过了，但是无效。he is a vain man, who likes to show himself off.他是一个虚荣的男人，喜欢炫耀自己。shes very vain about her good look.她对她那美丽的容貌感到非常自负。1句型转换the thief broke in, trying open the safe, but failed.the thief broke in, trying open the safe, but in_ vain2完成句子他的一切尝试全无结果。all his attempts were in_vain他极力使她改变主意，但枉费了一番口舌。he tried_in_vain to make her change her mind.他们几次徒然尝试想攀登至山顶。they made_several_vain_attempts to reach the mountaintop.考点8at random随便地，随意地教材原句it is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.对于获胜者，可以强迫其进行检测。然而对其他参赛选手，则只是随意抽测。dont put your rings at random. you should put them away.不要随便乱放你的戒指。你应把它们收好。dont throw waste paper at random or it will make the classroom dirty.im sorry. i didnt do it on purpose.不要随便扔废纸，否则会把教室搞得很脏。对不起，我不是故意的。random adj.胡乱的；随便的，任意的this is only a random sample.这只是随意抽取的样品。why do you care about his random remarks?他只是随便一说，何必介意？翻译句子thats merely his random guess.那只是他瞎猜的。you have to make a random choice when you cant answer a question.当你不会回答问题时只能任意选择。the enemy shot at random for a while.敌人胡乱射击了一会儿。名字是从名单中随便点的。names_were_chosen_at_random_from_a_list.考点9at all costs无论如何，不惜一切代价教材原句the olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.奥林匹克精神强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神已经被为获得成功而不惜任何代价的企图所亵渎。chinese government prevented the disease from spreading at all costs.中国政府不惜一切代价来阻止这种疾病蔓延。at any cost at all costs无论如何，不惜一切代价at a/the cost of 以为代价/以牺牲为代价at cost 按成本价格we must at any cost prevent them from figuring out the plan.我们必须不惜一切代价阻止他们弄清这个计划。the engineer finished the project on time at the cost of his health.工程师以健康为代价按时完成了这项工程。i was able to buy the damaged goods at cost.我能以成本价购买受损商品。1介词填空she saved her son from the fire but at the costs of her own life.this is the lowest price. we are selling at cost already.2句型转换at any cost, we must complete the task on time.at_ all_ costs,_we must complete the task on time.1unless we are careful, “genetherapy”will be the next big threat.除非小心翼翼，否则“基因疗法”将会成为下一个巨大的威胁。本句为主从复合句，unless引导条件状语从句。unless是一个使用频率很高的连词，它的主要用法如下：(1)表示“如果不”( if not)，引导条件状语从句。i shall go there tomorrow unless im too busy.如果不太忙，明天我将到那儿去。dont come to my office unless i call you.如果我不给你打电话，你就不要来我办公室。unless im mistaken, i saw that man before.如果没记错的话，我以前见过那个人。(2)表示“除非”( except when)，引导条件状语从句。we wont attack unless we are attacked.人不犯我，我不犯人。my baby sister never cries unless she is hungry.我那刚出生的妹妹除非饿了，否则她是从来不哭的。辨析比较unless, if . not(1)unless与if . not都可以译作“如果不”，常常可以通用，但unless语气更强；另外，它不能用于虚拟语气，而后者可以。she would be better company if she didnt complain so much.(不能用unless)如果她不是喋喋不休地抱怨，那她就是一个较好的伴侣了。(2)当unless引出分词短语时，不能用if . not来替换。unless changed, this law will make life difficult for farmers.(不能用if . not)这项法律如不修改必将给农民的生活带来困难。unless paying by credit card, please pay in cash.(不能用if . not)如果不用信用卡，请付现金。1. 单句改错she would have died unless the doctors had saved her.unless_the_doctors_had_if_the_doctors_had_noti will not go abroad unless someone doesnt pay my expenses.doesnt_pay_pays2完成句子众所周知，如果你