学年论文格式(与毕业论文类似).doc

廊坊师范学院本科生学年论文题 目：公示语的英译输入题目、学生姓名、教师导师姓名、班级年级、学号等，仿宋三号。有rd题目、摘要、关键词，仿宋四号，t学生姓名： 杜素涛指导教师： 顾冀梅二级学院： 外国语学院系 别： 英语系专 业： 英 语年级班级： 2010级1班学 号： 0303014054完成日期： 2014年1月1日Title: On Translation of Public Signs from Chinese to English输入英文题目、摘要、关键词，times new romans 四号Abstract: Among the problems that affect the image of China, inadequate translation of public signs stands out as an especially serious one, which goes the wrong direction of the fast development of the society and the expansion of the international exchange. The present paper deals with the problems from two aspects: first, presenting a detailed account of the applicable range, classification, functions, and stylistic conventions of public signs; second, classifying and analyzing representative cases of mistaken translation of signs. Based on these, it offers some suggestions for the C-E translation of this genre, thus providing a theoretical framework for the translating of public signs and the building of a harmonious public space. Key words: public signs; C-E translation; cross-cultural communication正文要求：1、从introduction 部分开始设置页码，居中，一直到works cited。 2、A4 页面，上下边距：2.54 ；左边距：3.173、小4号字，1.5 倍行距。4、只保留一级标题，标题加粗。引用的原文用引号1. Introduction英文文献标注作者姓与页码之间加空格，汉语的用逗号Just as the world is changing, so is the language. Language is the most essential tool in the activities of human beings. People need language everywhere for communication and cooperation. People have to improve their “communicative competence” (Hymes 79). Language, as a kind of phenomenon, has a close relationship with the society（Leech 56）. However, with the advance of modern society, people come to realize that the existing vocabulary can hardly meet the requirements when they discover new things and bring about new ideas. John Lions argued that neologism is common in all languages（qtd. in Boswell 25）. As a result, neologisms are used in practice.间接引用格式To some extent, if the product succeeds, the name will also become very popular. For example, in recreational field, Mickey-Mouse formerly a trademark used for cartoon character, but now it means pretty. Pingpong formerly a trademark registered by Parker Brother in 1901, but from then on, in China history the Pingpong diplomacy appeared. (authors surname page number)（注：直接引用的原文超过四行的整段部分左右缩进2个字符且首行缩进2个字符，不是起始段的引用部分首行不缩进；后面加上文献标注，上下各空一行；）The emergence of pubic signs in China can be traced back to a long time ago, which may include all the signs on business promotion, slogans, place names, public transportation, institutes and all the other pubic trades and professions. They offer help and conveniences to peoples social life.Pubic signs, as a kind of special literary style, confront publicly to people with certain communicative purpose. They are almost involved in every aspect of our life, such as road signs, billboard, shop names, social propaganda, travel guide and so on. By using words or palpable pictures, or the combination of the two, they provide information that has close connection with the publics livelihood, production, life, ecology and environment (吕和发、单丽萍，4).About 15 years ago, the signs in China were mainly in Chinese. Those signs people can see in the big cities were barely with English. Since 1978, with the adoption of reform and opening-up policy, China has been getting more in line with the international practice, aiming at promoting friendship and mutual understanding with other countries, and striving for further progress and development of the nation. At present, with Chinas entry into WTO, more and more international tourists have come to China. We are now living in an age when the world is constantly growing smaller and all the nations are increasingly drawn closer together. Therefore, the necessity for exchanging information and ideas across borders in both oral and written forms has become a fact of life. Communication has become inconceivable without translation. Translation has, therefore, become more and more important in cross-cultural communication, so does the public signs translation.2. General Understanding of Public SignsWith Chinas fast development, we need a good international linguistic environment to build a world-renowned country with booming economy. It is gratifying to see that in over two decades or so, ever since the adoption of the reform and opening up policy, language environment has been largely improved in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, etc. As an important component of the language environment, C-E translation of public signs becomes an urgent task.This thesis tries to explore the C-E translation on signs in China by starting from the applicable range of public signs.Public signs are signs that are shown publicly, offering a kind of warning, direction, notification and other closely related literal or graphical information. Professor Dai Zongxian and Lv Hefa added that public signs are actually a very important component to the language environment of a metropolis, an international tourist city. Due to the significance of public signs, any wrong use of public signs may lead to a blight of Chinas international image (38).Public signs are very commonly used in peoples social life: from catering to accommodation, from traveling to visiting, from recreation to shopping, they almost cover every aspect of life for all the international tourists. To be specific, public signs are most adopted in public transportation service, such as the subway, airport, and gas station; in scenic spots, such as the museum, parks, and places of interests; in the entertainment, such as the cinema and the theatre; in the medical service, such as the hospital and the emergency center; in the religious bodies, such as the churches and temples; in the science and research organizations, such as the universities and the institutes, etc.Thus, public signs play a crucial role in standardizing the social conduct, improving the living quality, regulating the interpersonal relationship, overawing the crime and building up a harmonious society.As public signs actually cover such a wide range of varieties, it is necessary to classify them in order to make a clear academic study on it. The information states that the public signs display are distinct because of their different functions, so they can be divided into two types: the static and the dynamic. Besides, the enterprises want to be success, it not only needs chief executive officer, but also needs chief operating officer, chief financial officer and chief information officer.（注：段落内的例词和例句用斜体） Public signs with reminding, restrictive and directive functions have dynamic meaning, which are mostly applied to public transportation, social utility and urgent rescue, etc. There are some examples: Look Left Look Right 注意左侧（右侧）车辆Do not speak to the driver 请勿与司机攀谈Please Return Keys Before Leaving 离前请归还钥匙Hold the Hand Rail 紧握扶手No stopping at any time 严禁停车 Walk 通行（人行道） For your security, please pay attention behind you while putting your secret number!为了您的安全，请您输入密码时确保身后等候者不会知觉。Meanwhile, the world economic situation made the International Community realize the importance of international cooperation in all fields. We promote further cooperation in politics, economy, diplomacy and other fields.3. ConclusionThe English history has never seen such an overwhelming of neologisms, especially within the past few years. In the process of developing, English language absorbs and adapts the elements of vocabulary. It constantly renews itself to express new ideas and developments. As is known to all, the relationship between language and society is inseparable. Thus, this paper aims to demonstrate that the development of English neol