V-ed和V-ing形式的用法对比(老师用).doc

V-ed和V-ing形式的用法对比一、作表语：主语+系动词+表语（系动词有be, look, turn, get, become, smell, taste, seem, sound, appear, remain, feel）看主语是人或物 V-ed人: I am bored. V-ing物:The film is boring.“be+V-ed”也可能是被动语态：They were trapped.(状态) They were trapped by the flood.(动作)二、作定语：单个分词+名词/代词；名词/代词+分词短语（分词短语作定语可转换为相应定语从句）看与所修饰词的关系：V-ed被动、完成：guests（who were） invited to the party; a developed countryV-ing主动、进行：the girl (who is) dancing there; a developing country a reading rooma room for reading(V-ing表用途)三、作宾补：看与宾语的关系：V-ed被动、完成； V-ing主动、进行1、感官动词（see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, listen to, find）+宾语+宾补eg. I saw a man knocked down by a car just now. I hear a girl singing in the next room.2、使役动词（have, make, get, keep, leave）+宾语+宾补eg. Have you got your films developed? Im sorry to keep you waiting so long.”make oneself+V-ed(understood, heard, noticed, known)”表结果含义eg. He raised his voice in order to make himself heard by all the people at the meeting. “have+sth+done”表示：主语请人或让人做某事/主语遭遇不愉快、不测的事/使某事被做3、表示“希望、要求”的动词（want, wish, like, expect, order）+宾语+宾补也可在V-ed前加to beeg. The boss wouldnt like the problem (to be) discussed.4、“with+宾语+宾补”在句中表示时间、原因、方式、条件等状语eg. With the matter settled, we all went home.四、作状语：可表示时间、原因、方式、条件、让步、伴随等，可转换为相应状语从句。看与逻辑主语的关系：V-ed被动、完成： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks like a big garden. V-ing主动、进行:Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a wonderful view of the city.V-ed、V-ing作状语，可在其前加上when, while, if, unless, once, although等，构成“连词+分词”的结构eg. When (it is) completed, the park will be open to the public. When (you are) crossing the road, you must be careful.五、1、现在分词有两种形式：一般式：doing 完成式：having done现在分词的完成式表示分词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前eg. Having worked all day, I went to bed early.也可表示某动作由过去某个时间开始，持续到谓语动作发生eg. Having worked for 20 years, she is still enthusiastic about her job.2、现在分词的语态：一般式doing的被动语态：being done表示某被动动作正在进行完成式having done的被动语态：having been done表示某被动动作发生在谓语动作之前eg. The problems being discussed now remain to be settled next meeting. Having been painted, the house took a different look.3、现在分词的否定式是在分词前加not构成eg. Not knowing his address, I could nothing but stay at home and wait. Not having been informed of the accident, he went to work as usual.六、非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语，但有时非谓语动词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，必须在非谓语动词前加上其自己的逻辑主语（名词/代词），这种结构叫“独立主格结构”，由两部分组成：名词/代词+V-ing/V-ed/to do, 两部分是逻辑上的主谓关系，与主句用逗号隔开。eg. The meeting being over, we all drove home. His homework done, he can go and see the film.对比：Heated, water changes into steam. Water heated, we can see the steam.More: There being no bus here, we had to walk home.Exercises:1. Smoking (smoke) is bad for your health.2. My main job is looking (look) after the baby.3. I feel bored when I see the boring film.(bore)4. Do you know the girl sitting (sit) there? She is one of the students invited (invite) to the special party in our school.5. I saw a thief caught (catch) by the policemen when I heard Mary (sing).6. She walked out of the house, followed (follow) by her little daughter.7. Four men entered, looking (look) around in a curious way.8. Finishing (finish) your work on time, you can watch TV.9. Having finished