高中英语的一些重点知识.doc

高中一些重点知识复习（有些横线上写出用法或者意思） 一 常用单词的用法1 花费：take 花费时间，多数物做主语, It takes sb 时间 to do sth, spend ：人做主语，sb spends time/ money on sth/ sb spends time/ money doing sth pay : 人做主语， 只用于付钱， pay for cost: 物做主语， sth cost sb sth 2 experience: 经验 have experience in doing sth experienced: be experienced in dong sth 经历 : 可数名词 experiences in Beijing3 prepare: prepare for sth 为做准备 prepare to do sth 准备做某事，强调准备的动作，不讲结果prepared ：be prepared to do sth be prepared for sth 为做好了准备4 devote: devote oneself to sth / devote sth to sth/ devote sth to doing sth devoted : be devoted to sth / be devoted to doing sth5 满意：satisfy: 使满意 satisfied ：感到满意的 satisfying 令人满意的 satisfaction： 满意 6 控告：charge : charge sb with sth / accuse _: accuse sb of sth7 charge: 控告: charge sb with sth / 收费 : free of charge / 充电/ 负责 in charge of , in the charge of 8 免费：for free, free of charge, without pay9 例如：for example, such as, for instance10 了解：know sb/ sth(认识某人，知道某事), know about = know of 11 禁止，允许 forbid/prohibit /prevent/ stop: sb from doing sth allow/permit: sb to do sth doing sth12 过失，错误 fault 过失，强调责任 mistake ：强调与事实结果不相符 error ：错误 （这三个从汉语意思上区分就可以了）13 争论，争吵 argue ：argue with sb about sth / debate : a debate about sth打架 fight : fight with sb for sth/ fight with sb against sth挣扎，奋斗 struggle: struggle to ones feet/ struggle to do sth 14 坚持 insist on : 坚持做某事（有点固执不让步的意思） stick to ：坚持原则理论 hold on， hang on ： 坚持不放弃的意思15 使 make ：make sb do sth/ make + O + 补 have ：have sb do sth, / have sth done get : get sb to do sth/ get sth done/ get done=be done leave : leave sb to do sth/ leave sb doing sth(一直做)/leave sth undone(留下某事未做) leave sth + 地方（把某东西忘在某地） drive ： drive sb mad/crazy 及物动词使 interest / excite/ surprise / shock / astonish / please / amuse /tire disappoint/ puzzle / bore/ confuse / convince/ frighten16 保持: stay keep remain 17 匹配，合适 match_ suit _ fit _18 认为: consider, think, believe, view： sb ( to be )+ 形容词或者名词 sb as 19 影响: effect, influence , affect _20 建议: suggest, advice , recommend _21 把看做 see/ treat/ regard/ consider/ view/ think of / recognize as 22 全神贯注于: centre / concentrate/ focus on, be occupied in, be absorbed in, be buried in23 许多，大量: a good/ great many , a large / great/ good number of a good few, quite a few _ many a more than one _ a great/ good amount of, a great/ good deal of, quite a little _ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a mass of, masses of, a large quantity of , large quantities of _24 也一样: so + 助动词 + 主语 （适用于动词性质相同的谓语例如都是系动词或者都是行为动词） She works hard, and so do I It is the same with + 主语 = So it is with + 主语 （适用于有多个谓语并且谓语性质都不相同） She was born in China and grew up in Japan. So it is with the boy.25 感到的: excited, puzzled, confused, frightened, disappointed, tired, pleased, shocked, surprised, 26 因为，由于: due to, owing to, because of, thanks to, as a result of, as a consequence of, on account of 27 尽管，即使: though, although, even if, even though, while, as(要倒装)28 希望：hope _ wish _ expect _29 以便: in order to + 动词原形 , in order that（句子） , so that （与can连用） 30 风景: view,(从某个角度看到的风景) scene (有人文的场景，强调人与自然的融洽景象 scenery (强调自然景色) sight(视角所看到的)31 提供: offer _ supply _ provide _32 假设，假如: if , on condition that _, provided/providing that _ supposing that _ assuming that _33 忙于: be busying doing sth, be busy with sth, be absorbed in sth, be buried in doing sth, be engaged in doing sth, be occupied in 34 打扰: interrupt _ disturb _35 确定，有把握: certain: 同 sure 用法，但它还可以用物做主语，另外 It is certain that , sure 只能人做主语 sure : be sure of sth, be sure about sth, be sure to do sth be sure that 36 导致：result in (跟名词和动名词), contribute to（跟名词和动名词）lead to （跟名词和动名词） , cause 跟名词和 cause sb to do sth37 但是: but（不与though 连用）, however（前后有标点分开）, while(此句与前一句形成对比) , yet （可与though 连用）, nevertheless38 否则的话： or, or else, otherwise39 而且: besides(前后标点分开) , also（可与besides相同），, moreover( 同besides, furthermore ) , furthermore, whats more, in addition(这两个在写作时可以使用，但不用于完二)40 因此： so（后面跟句子，是并列连词， therefore（副词，完二使用）, consequently（副词，同therefore） , as a result(不用于完二), thus41 换句话说：that is, that is to say, in other words 42 看: observe, look, watch, see, notice, glance at( 瞥一眼), look at, glare at（怒目而视） , stare at（目不转睛的看），除了最后两个词组，在句中使用时都可用 “看见某人在做某事 see sb doing sth,” “看见某人做过某事see sb do sth,” 还可以用“看见某事被做 see sth done,” 做题目时要小心。43 绝不： in no case, in no sense, at no time, under no circumstances, by no means 都是做状语的， 放在句首时句子的主语和谓语要倒装。44 帮忙：help: help sb with sth = assist sb in /with sth, help sb do sth=help sb to do sth= assist sb in doing sth = assist sb to do sth特记：cant help doing sth, _ cant help do sth _ cant help but do sth 不得不45 打败: beat, 打败对手时， 同defeat. beat 还有连续击打的意思，海浪拍岸，雨点击打窗户，心脏跳动等46 赢，获得：win : 赢得名誉，比赛， gain :获得需要的东西如经验，体重等47 由某某组成：be made up of, consist of, be composed of48 活的: alive 多做表语，要做定语时 后置 be alive, a great man alive live 只修饰动物,只做前置定语 a live dog, 直播的 a live broadcast living 凡有生命的都可以使用，常见到的短语是 living things lively 与活无关，是指有活力的，生机的 lively classes49 有时候: at times, sometimes, from time to time50 remain : 仍旧是 ，系动词。 剩下， 不及物动词, 没有被动。remains 遗物 remain a mystery, remain seated, / It remains to be seen whether.51 happen：发生 没有被动，物做主语 Something strange happened to him yesterday What happened to you ? 碰巧 It happened that sb . = sb happened to do sth 52 protect prevent: 前者是保护 protect sb from sth 后者是预防阻止 prevent sb from doing sth53 影响: influence名词，潜移默化的影响 effect 强调效果，多数混用 influence, 动词，潜移默化影响， affect 即时的当下的影响，54 意识到：realize ， be aware of , make sb aware of 55 值得做: be worth doing= be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done It is worthwhile to do sth deserve to do sth56 阻止某人做某事: prevent / stop/ keep sb from doing sth forbid sb to do sth, prohibit sb from doing sth57 决定: decide : decide to do sth, decide that sb should do sth(跟从句) decide on sth （定，主要指的是时间上的） determine: determine to do sth （要是指决心，但事情不一定马上做）be determined to do sth (做非谓语时去掉be)58 旨在， 目的是： be meant to do sth =be intended to do sth=be aimed at sth 这都是做谓语的, 语的话可用 with the intention of doing sth 59 担心: be worried about sth=be concerned about sth, care about sth 60 处理: do with, deal with , 这两个是在问题时有点区别，前者与what 连用，后者与how 连用 处理问题主要用 deal with, handle, solve 61 treat cure: 前者是治疗过程，只指动作， 后者指 治愈，强调结果， cure sb of sth receive treatment62 最近: recently=lately 63 离开: be away. be off（可与时间连用） leave(不与时间段连用)64 各种各样的：various, a variety of, all kinds of65 位于，坐落于: be located at= be situated at = lie at .66 照顾: look after= take care of= care for67 方法: way, means, method, approach68 记住: remember= keep in mind= bear . in mind69 有: 有具体对象做主语的用 have 没有的话只表示存在有用 there be 她的报道里没有新东西。70 agree： agree to a plan(proposal ), agree on the price( date) agree with sb agree to do sth, agree that ,. 但不用agree sb to do sth71 相信: believe sb, believe in sb= trust sb, be convinced of sth, be sure of sth72 研究: study, research73 使 : excite, interest, shock, surprise, astonish, disappoint, satisfy, please, 这类词都是及物动词，直接跟宾语， 也可以变为 v-ed, 表人感觉到， 变为 v-ing, 表示 令人 使的是： to ones delight/ sorrow/ disappointment/ surprise/ joy/ relief/ satisfaction/ excitement/ anger/ amazement/ amusement/ puzzlement74 参加: attend, (仪式，典礼，重大场合，会议，还可以说上课，上学，教堂) join (加入后成为一员的， 入伍，俱乐部，队伍，学习小组等) join in (别人组织的活动，你中途参与，例如讨论， 游戏等) take part in (参与大型活动，自己必须出力的如竞赛) compete in (特指比赛时的参与) enter for (报名参加)75 力： power, strength, force, energy76 除了: besides, except, except for, but, apart from aside from77 用光: run out (物做主语，没有被动，可用进行表将来) run out of (人做主语用主动，物做主语用被动) = use up give out （物做主语，没有被动）78 搁一边：put aside/ lay aside/ set aside79 应该: be supposed to do sth = should do sth80 关于，就某某而言: in regard to= with regard to= as for= concerning=in terms of81 减少: reduce= decrease= decline= cut down on =cut back on82 沉迷于: be absorbed in, be concentrated on= be focused on= be engaged in be addicted to= be lost in = be buried in83 计划，打算: plan, mean, intend84 习惯于: be used to, be accustomed to, (be 可换为get, become, 表动作)85 time：at times, in time, on time, from time to time, for the time being by the time, at a time. at one time, at no time, in no time, all the time, 86 take: take in, take out, take away, take up, take down, take off, take an exam, take a class take sb for example87 way: by the way, in this way, in a way, in the way, on the way to sp, on the way to doing sth (即将做某事)88 delight: delight sb, be delighted in doing sth 89 tear: tear down _ tear up _ tear oneself away from sth _90 in comfort, in danger, in silence, in particular, in public on show, on business on strike under way, under construction under repair under control91 be adapted to, be connected to be exposed to be devoted to be used to doing sth be related to be addicted to pay attention to look forward to lead to contribute to 92 accuse sb of sth rob sb of sth remind sb of sth inform sb of sth warn sb of sth require sb of sth 93 伤 ： hurt, wound, harm injure 94 破坏： damage, destroy ruin 95 高考阅读填空常用的一些归纳词 原因 reason(for) , cause(of) 目的 aim purpose goal, target, 种类 kind type sort, category, variety 定义 definition 用途 usage, function 意义 meaning 实例 example重要性 importance significance 坏处缺点 harm, disadvantage好处优点 benefit, advantage 方法 ways, methods, solution 过程步骤 step, procedure 问题难题 problem, issue question 结论摘要 conclusion, summary 建议提议 advice suggestions tips影响结果 effect. influence result, consequence 材料： material来源，历史：history, source, origin 措施： measure, action, activity主题： topic, theme, main idea 情绪，感觉： feeling, emotion 特点：feature, characteristic描述：description, appearance, look, color, size, length, width, distance, height, shape 灾难：disaster, accident 关系： relation, relationship 时间，年代，年龄：date, time, age 性别：sex 国籍; nationality 事件：incident, event 相同， 不同： similarity, difference 职业： work, job, occupation, profession 设备： equipment96 常跟同位语从句的名词 advice, thought, demand, doubt, fact, hope idea, information message, news, order, problem promise question suggestion truth, word97 it 的用法 ：代替时间，天气，距离，金钱 It is important/ necessary/ vital/ hard/ easy/ a fact that. It is said/ suggested/ thought/ reported/ believed that I like/ dislike/hate/ appreciate it if . It happened/ seemed/ turned out/appeared/ occurred to me that It was . that 二 常考句型默写1 正要做某事突然 be about to do sth when / be on the point of doing sth when 2 正在做某事突然 be doing sth when 3 过了久才 It was 时间段 before 4 要过久才 It will be 时间段 before 5 一就 As soon as The moment / the minute / the second . Immediately/ directly / instantly . Hardly had sb done when No sooner had sb done than Scarcely had sb done when. On doing sth 6 直到才 Not until + 倒装结构 ; It was not until that ; not until 7 如此以至于 so that such that 8 尽管 Though as 主语 谓语， In spite of the fact that 9 无论 No matter wh- wh-ever10 越，就越 The 比 主语 + 谓语， the 比 主语 + 谓语11 是的多少倍 主语 + 谓语 + 倍数 as as / -er than 12 使必要的、重要的 It is necessary / important . that 13 据说 It is said / reported/ thought/ believed that 14 难怪 It is no wonder that 15 看起来好像 It looks as if .16 好像 It seems that 17 碰巧 It happened that 18 结果是 It turned out that 19 有可能 It is possible / probable / likely that Sb is likely to do sth20 的原因是 The reason why is that 21 我怀疑 I doubt whether / if 22 尽可能做 do what sb can to do sth do sth as as possible23 该做某事了 It is time that sb did sth It is time to do sth 24 是某人第几次做某事 This is the first/ time that sb has done sth25 众所周知 As is known to all, What is known is that It is known that .26 感叹句 What + n 主语+ 谓语！ How + adj 主语 + 谓语 ！27 强调句 It is/was 被强调内容 that do/ does / did v (强调谓语)28 做某事花费某人多长时间 It took sb some time to do sth Sb spent doing sth 29 做某事没用 It is no use doing sth.30 做某事浪费时间 It is a waste of time doing sth.31 有待证明 It remains to be proved whether 32 做某事没意义 There is no sense in doing sth.33 没必要做某事 There is no need to do sth.34 别无选择只好做 have no choice but to do sth.35 禁不住做 cannot help doing sth36 再怎么也不过分 cannot be too to 37 忘记做过某事 forget doing sth38 记得要做某事 remember to do sth39 意味着做某事 mean doing sth40 打算做某事 mean to do sth41 后悔做过某事 regret doing sth42 继续做另一件事 go on to do sth43 试着做某事 try doing sth44 努力做某事 try to do sth45 need /require/ want : sth needs doing.46 be worth : sth be worth doing.46 forbid/allow/permit: allow doing sth allow sb to do sth47 advise : advise doing sth advise sb to do sth advise that 48 order/demand/insist/advise/suggest/require/command/request: order that sb should do sth49 prefer: prefer to do sth rather than do sth prefer sth to sth50 wish: wish to do sth wish sb to do sth wish that (虚拟语气)51 open, close, sell, wash, burn, write : sth sell well. 52 persuade : persuade sb to do sth persuade sb into doing sth53 manage/try : manage to do sth54 before long/ long before : 不久 、 很久以前55 much too/ too much ： 太 、 太多的56 work hard/ hard work 努力工作、 勤奋57 if only/ only if ： 要是就好了！ 如果58 in possession of/ in the possession of ： 拥有， 由拥有59 in charge of/ in the charge of ： 负责， 由负责60 by sea/ by the sea ： 乘船， 在海边61 at table/ at the table ： 在用餐， 在桌子旁62 out of question/ out of the question： 毫无疑问， 不可能63 suggest/ avoid/ risk/ mind/ miss/ finish/ practice/ delay/ admit/ resist/ consider/ keep/ stand/ imagine/ enjoy/ appreciate： doing sth64 want/ intend/ mean/ afford/ attempt/ fail/ refuse/ pretend/ try/ learn/ choose/ decide/ determine/ manage/ agree/ promise/ help ： to do sth翻译1.我们正要站起来，电话突然响了。2.他正在哭时听到了一声巨响。3.自上次我们见面以来已经二十年了。4.他要过三天才回来的。5.我爸过了半小时才回来。6.同学们一进教室就开始读英语。7.直到看到了他妈妈，那个男孩才没哭了。8.那个题太难了，我们算不出来。9.尽管天气不很热，他还是打开了空调。10.树栽得越多，空气就越好。11.不论是谁，请不要碰我的书。12.我们教室是他们的三倍大。13.尊重老人是必要的。14.据报到学生人数在减少。15.好像天在下雨。16.碰巧我妈不在家。17.难怪他考试得第一名。18.有可能过三天我要回去。19.他得第一的原因是他一直学习努力。20.我怀疑明天是否天晴。21.我相信他会准时到达的。22.我会尽我所能帮助你解决这个难题。23.你该回去了。24.这是我第一次去北京。25.众所周知，英语很重要。26.他是在超市里买的笔。27.多么聪明的孩子啊！28.我花了三个小时才完成作业。29.哭没用。30.打电脑游戏是浪费时间。31.他成功与否还有待证明。32.每天打游戏毫无意义。33.没必要把时间都花在学习上。34.英语很重要。35.他只好站在那里等。36.那女人禁不住哭了。37.认真听，你就会懂的38.完成作业后，我们回家了。39.手里拿着书，他走进了房间。40.写在墙上的字很漂亮。41.他喜欢的科目是英语。42.重要的不是他说的，而是他做的。43.我不知道他失败的原因。44.他住的地方是个谜。45.他没钱的事实使大家吃惊。46.他们队赢了比赛的消息使我们很高兴。47.要是你听了老师的建议，就不会失败了。48.没有空气，就不会有生命。49.房子需要扫了。50.我们认为那个男孩很英俊。51.我不介意马上去公园。52.妈妈不允许我们晚上出去。53.爸爸给我买了一辆单车。54.如果你们有相同兴趣，交朋友就容易多了。55.我觉得和他相处很容易。56.科技的发展使得人们交流更容易了。57.照顾你们是我的职责。58.公共汽车到这里需要多长时间？59.我来不及说一个字，他已经冲了出去。60.我们本不必搭出租车的，家离这儿很近。61.我本应该帮助我妈妈干家务，但我生病了。62.他本打算周末去看他奶奶，但他得和爸爸去医院。63.他昨晚一定看电视了，因他现在很困。64.我哥可能在校门口等我。三 各题目的做法高考英语的语法题复习思路：1） 每个题都有考点意图，一共有七个：时态语态， 非谓语动词， 三大从句， 情态动词， 主谓一致， 虚拟语气，和 特殊句型（包括祈使句，强调句， 反意疑问句， 感叹句， 倒装句，there be .）2） 时态语态：记住结构。做题时翻译谓语动词， 感觉动作什么时候发生。在做，要做，已做，经常做。3） 非谓语动词：翻译动词，与逻辑主语成主谓关系用 v-ing, 动宾关系用v-ed, 将来和目的用不定式。用不用完成式只要在翻译后加一个“之后”，可以的话用完成式4） 三大从句：记各从句的连词。做题时找从句的主谓，翻译主谓，定语从句缺代，名词性从句和状语从句翻译缺意思。5）情态动词： 本意和特殊含义，另外记猜测用法。6）虚拟语气：记标记词。记忆结构。记住特殊（省略， 倒装，错综时间，but ）7) 主谓一致： 记标记词，同时考虑时态语态8） 反意疑问句： 注意特殊9） 倒装句： 记标记词。四 记单词（同义词语表达，用于写作替换或者阅读填空题）1 run out of= lack= use up= give out _ 2 take place of= replace _3 no matter what= whatever _4 international= worldwide= global= universal= all over the world _5 come into being= come into existence= appear _6 in the countryside= in rural areas _ 7 in the city= in urban areas _8 besides= as well as= whats more= apart from= in addition _9 spilt= break sth apart= destroy= damage _10 come out = publish _ 11 remove= get rid of _12 solution to do sth = ways to do sth= ways of doing sth = approaches to do sth13 every year= yearly= annual _14 make sb have the ability to do sth= enable sb to do sth _15 a growing number= an increasing number _16 work