译林版高中英语必修四学案： Unit 2Section Ⅰ.doc

module 4 unit 2 sporting events学案 3 grammar and usagei. teaching aims:1. learn that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty or permission, to make requests, suggestions, offers and to give advice.2. enable students to learn that some modal verbs can be used with the continuous form and the perfect form to talk about current affairs or past actions.ii. teaching important points:1. develop the students ability of using modal verbs.2. how to make students master the usage of modal verbs.iii. teaching methods:explanation and exerciseiv. teaching procedures:step1 warming upsay some sentences to warm up students: (1) can you drive ? (2) you must work hard ,or you have to live a hard life.step2 lead in let students say sentences including modal verbs as many as possible.step3 activities: (1) introduce modal verbs with the following: - now, many of us can speak english quite well, but a few years ago, we couldnt. if we talk about the ability someone has now , we use “can”. if we talk about the ability someone had in the past, we usually use “could”.(2) ask students: if we talk about the ability in the future, what modal verbs do we use ?( will, shall, be able to )(3) ask students to make sentences using these words to talk about ability. (4) talk about obligation of the modal verbs “should, ought to, have to, must ”.step4 write the following sentence on the blackboard : (1) i might/may/could/should/ought to/will/must watch the tv programme tonight.- explain the usage of these modal verbs, showing more examples on the screen.step5 explain the usage of permission of the modal verbs “can, could, might” - show the examples.step6. ask students to read part 1 on page 28 to find out how modal verbs are used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty and permission, showing more examples to the students and explaining the usage to the students.(i) ability- can/could例句：1) he _ run the 100m sprint in 11 seconds.2) _ the girl read before she goes to school?(ii) obligation- ought to/should have to/mustought to/should1. 表示义务，“应该”，用于各种人称例句：(1) you_ be polite to your teacher.(2) you_ spend so much time playing computer games.2.表示推测，“想必，估计”的意思例句：if they start today, they _ arrive there in two days.3.表示与想象的不一样”照说应该”例句：i wonder where mary is she _ be here now.4.在某些从句中，表示虚拟语气例句：(1) he suggested that i (_) go to shanghai tomorrow.(2) he demanded that we (_) solve the problem at once.5.表示惊讶，忧虑，惋惜等感情色彩例句：i am surprised he should eat so little every day.have to/musthave to 表示客观需求must 表示主观愿望例句：(1) everyone _ go to school at the age of 7 in the country.(2)we _wok hard to make our country strong and rich.(iii) certainty might/may/could/should/ought to/will /must 例句：(1) she might win a medal at the olympics.(2)she may be at home now.(3) she could read and write at the age of 4.(4) she should come to join us.(5) she ought to/will /must help me whenever i am in trouble. (iv) permission - can /could/may/might 例句：(1) a : can i watch the olympics ?b: yes, you can.? /no, you cant.(2) a: may i have a look at you photo?b: yes, you can./ no, you mustnt./no, youd better not.could比can 更委婉，might比may 更委婉step 7 ask students to read part 2 about the modal verbs of making requests, suggestions or offers, and give advice and read some examples.step 8 additional points: 1. 情态动词表示推测的用法-情态动词must, can, could, may, might都可用来表示推测.(1) must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为“一定”。(2) can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中 , cant或couldnt 表示“不可能”(3) may 和 might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况，主要用于肯定句中，might相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。2. 表推测的重要句型：(1) 表示对现在或将来情况的推测、判断用“must + do ”(2) 表示对过去的情况或已经发生的事情进行推测、判断用“must + have +done”(3) 表示对现在正在进行情况进行推测、判断用“must + be +doing ”step 9 其它情态动词的用法(i) need and dare作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句；用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式1. 情态动词时：例句：(1) -need i help you? -yes, please.(2) you neednt telephone him now.(3) how dare you talk to the teacher like that?(4) the girl dare not go out alone at night2. 用作实义动词时:(1) we need to tell him the news.need (2) you dont need to tell him the news.(3) do the flowers need watering?(4) i didnt dare to tell you the truth.dare (5) would you dare to catch the snake with your hand?(6) the boy dares to do anything he likes. (ii) shall1. shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。例句: (1) shall we begin our class?（征求意见）(2) when shall mike be able to leave hospital?(请示)2. shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺，决心或威胁。例句: (1) you shall go with me.(命令)(2) you shall have the book when i finish it.(允诺)(3) he shall be punished.(威胁)3. 用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。例句: “the interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.(iii) will1. will表示请求，建议等，不如would委婉例句: (1) will /would you pass me the book?(2) will you please close the window?2. will 表示意志，愿望，决心 例句: (1) i will never do that again.(2) i will give up smoking.3. will 表示习惯性动作例句: the couple will have a walk after supper every day.4. 常用于否定句中，表示拒绝工作。例句: the door wont open. 这门打不开。 （iv）used to 和would的区别1. 都可以表示过去重复的习惯，used to 含有“过去怎样而现在却不这样了”的意思；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常和often, everyday等连用。例句: he would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （现在可能散步也可能不散步了）he used to take a walk near the forest in the evening. （而现在不散步了）2. 不可用would的情况：例句: (1) she isnt what she used to be. 她跟过去不一样了。 （表示对比，不可用would）(2) there used to be a park. 以前这里有一个公园。(表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不可用would) （v）情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法 1. should/ought to +have done表示 “本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；shouldnt/oughtnt to+ have done表示 “本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。2. might +have done表示 “本来可以干某事却没有干”, 或表示对已发生的事的猜测。could +have done 表示“本来能够做某事，但实际上没有做”，或表示对已发生的事的猜测。 neednt +have done 表示 “本来没必要做某事，实际上却做了”。 exercises for grammar:一单项选择：1. it around nine oclock when i drove back home because it was already dark. a. must be b. must have been c. cant be d. should have been 2. johns score on the test is the highest in the class; a. he should study last night b. he should have studied last nightc. he must have studied last night d. he must had to study last night 3. you _ yesterday if you were really serious about your work.a. ought to come b. ought to be comingc. ought to have come d. ought have come 4. -“we didnt see him at the lecture yesterday.” -“he _ it.” a. mustnt attended b. couldnt have attendedc. would have not attended d. neednt have attended 5. you _all these parcels yourself. the shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. a. didnt need to carry b. neednt have carried c. neednt carry d. didnt need carry 6. mr. white _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. a. should have arrived b. should arrive c. should have had arrived d. should be arriving7. ill tell mary about her new job tomorrow. you _ her last week. a. ought to tell b. would have told c. must tell d. should have told8. i think ill give bob a ring. you _. you havent been in touch with him for ages. a. will b. may c. have to d. should9. some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours. a. can; have to b. may; can c. have to; may d. ought to; must10. we _ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. a. neednt b. may not c. shouldnt d. mustnt11. is jack on duty today? it _ be him. its his turn tomorrow. a. mustnt b. wont c. cant d. neednt12. if it were not for the fact that she _ sing, i would invite her to the party. a. couldnt b. shouldnt c. cant d. might not13. as you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning. a. neednt b. maynt c. cant d. mustnt14. theres no light on they_ be at home. a. cant b. mustnt c. neednt d. shouldnt15. may i smoke here ? if you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. a. should b. could c. may d. must16. must he come to sign this paper himself? yes, he _. a. need b. must c. may d. will 17. is john coming by train? he should, but he _ not. he likes driving his car. a. must b. can c. need d. may18. it has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. a. can b. will c. may d. shall19. i heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. it _ true because there was little snow there. a. may not be b. wont be c. couldnt be d. mustnt be20. i thought you _like something to read, so i have brought you some books. a. may b. might c. would d. must 21. a computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do. a. cant b. couldnt c. may not d. might not22. they will _ run this machine on their own in three months.a. can b. could c. may d. be able to23. that big cinema _ seat 2,000 people.a. can b. should c. ought to d. is able to24. could i borrow your dictionary? yes, of course you _. a. might b. will c. can d. should25. might i watch tv after supper? yes, you _. a. may b. must c. might d. can26. you _ return the book now. you can keep it till next week if you like. a. cant b. mustnt c. neednt d. may not27. johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. a. wont ; cant b. mustnt ; may c. shouldnt ; must d. cant ; shouldnt28. will you stay for lunch? sorry, _. my brother is coming to see me. a. i mustnt b. i cant c. i neednt d. i wont29. may i pick a flower in the garden? _. a. no, you neednt b. not, please. c. no, you mustnt d. no, you wont30. he _ be punished if he disobeys. a. shall b. will c. would d. could二完形填空mrs. green, including her husband and three children, lived in a city, 31 was very near the countryside. she worked 32_ a teacher and gave music lessons at a school. of course she was fond of 33 .mrs. green had a good voice and she 34 her classes exciting. but she had a 35 point. some of her notes (音调) were so high that they sounded like a door which needed 36 . in order to improve her notes, she took 37 chance that she could find to practise.as her house was not big, she couldnt practise 38 in it. so she usually left home, walking and singing 39 the country road. she practised her high notes 40 walking. however, each time she heard a person or a car 41 along the road, she 42 singing. she did not want her high notes to be 43 , for she was shy.one afternoon a fast open car came up to her so 44 and so fast that she didnt 45 it until the car was only a few meters. she was practising some of her 46 and most difficult notes at that time. as the car passed by, she saw a 47 expression come over the drivers face. he stopped suddenly to 48 all the tires carefully.mrs. green felt it shy to tell the driver what the 49 he had heard really was. the driver found 50 wrong, got back into the car and drove off.31. a. thatb. whichc. whered. there32. a. asb. likec. withd. on33. a. booksb. picturesc. sportsd. music34. a. gotb. supportedc. maded. forced35. a. weakb. strongc. goodd. special36. a. paintingb. lockingc. cleaningd. oiling37. a. some b. everyc. ad. other38. a. operatingb. listeningc. singingd. teaching39. a. acrossb. besidec. close tod. along40. a. as soon asb. whilec. afterd. before41. a. comingb. disappearingc. leavingd. driving42. a. keptb. went onc. stoppedd. began43.a. foundb. madec. hearingd. heard44. a. quietlyb. quicklyc. carefullyd. slowly45. a. recognizeb. catchc. realized. provide46. a. biggestb. highestc. niced. largest47. a. puzzledb. sadc. seriousd. angry48. a. watchb. examinec. controld. notice49. a. factb. notec. noised. music50. a. anythingb. everythingc. somethingd. nothing三阅读理解aa few months ago, millions of people in london heard alarms all over the town. the emergency services, the fire departments, the police, hospitals, and ambulances stood by, ready to go into action. in railway underground stations, people read notices and maps which told them where to go and what to do in the emergency. this was exercise flood call, to prepare people for a flood emergency. london wasnt flooded yet, but it is possible that it would be. in 1236 and in 1663, london was badly flooded. in 1928, people living in westminster, the heart of london, drowned in floods. and in 1953, one hundred people, living on the eastern edge of the london suburbs were killed, again, in the floods. at last, greater london council took actions to prevent this disaster from happening again. though a flood wall was built in the 1960s, londoners still must be prepared for the possible disaster. if it happens, 50 underground stations will be under water. electricity, gas and phone services will be out of action. roads will be drowned. it will be impossible to cross any of the bridges between north and south london. imagine: london will look like the famous italian city, venice. but this exercise flood call didnt cause panic among londoners. most people knew it was just a warning. one lady said, its a flood warning, isnt it? the water doesnt look high to me.51. what is the passage mainly about ?a. possible damages caused by floods. b. emergency exercise in london.c. flood emergency in london. d. london floods in history.52. the purpose of the exercise flood call is to _.a. train the civil defence for the flood b. prevent the flood from happening againc. set up an alarm system d. prepare prople against possible floods53. the author quotes the woman(the underlined sentence) to_.a. describe how frightened most of the londoners wereb. argue that its impossible to prevent floods in londonc. show that most londoners took exercise flood call carmlyd. prove that exercise flood call did cause a lot of trouble to the londoners.54. from this passage, we can conclude that_.a. though a flood wall has once been built, london is very likely to be struck by a big floodb. it is impossible for a flood to happen again in londonc. londoners have done nothing to prevent the flood from attacking their city againd. london has never been attacked by big floods.四 任务型阅读(共1 o题；每小题1分，满分1 o分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空格1个单词，不得用文章中的单词。d. r. gaul middle school is in union, maine, a blueberry-farming town where the summer fair finds kids competing in pig scrambles and pie-eating contests.gaul, with about 170 seventh- and eighth-graders, has its own history of lower level academic achievement. one likely reason: education beyond the basic requirements hasnt always been a top priority for families whove worked the same land for generations. here, few adults have college degrees, and outsiders (teachers included) are often kept at a respectful distance.since 2002, gauls students have been divided into four classes, each of them taught almost every subject by two teachers. the goal: to find common threads across disciplines to help students create a big picture that gives fresh meaning and context to their classwork - and sparks motivation for learning.working within state guidelines, each team makes its individual schedules and lesson plans, incorporating non-textbook literature, hands-on lab work and field trips. if students are covering the civil war in social studies, theyre reading the red badge of courage or some other period literature in english class. in science, they study the viruses and bacteria that caused many deaths in the war.team teaching isnt unusual. about 77 percent of middle schools now employ some form of it, says john lounsbury, consulting editor for the national middle school association. but most schools use four- or five-person teams, which