译林版高中英语选修7学案：词汇详解 Unit3　.doc

互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.analysis n. 分析；分析结果【典型例句】the book is an analysis of poverty and its cause.这本书分析了贫困极其原因。the blood sample are sent to the laboratory for analysis.血样要送往实验室进行分析。【相关链接】in the final/last analysis归根结底；总之in the final analysis i think our sympathy lies with the heroine of the play.总之，我认为我们都同情女主人公。analyse v. 分析by analysing the parts of the sentence we learn more about english grammar.通过分析句子成分就能多了解一些英语语法。we need to analyse what went wrong.我们需要分析是什么出了差错。2.value n. 价值vt. 给估价；给评价；重视【典型例句】these data will be of great value to us in our research work.这些资料对我们的研究工作有很大的帮助。ive offered 500 for my old car but its value is much higher.我这旧车有人出价500英镑，但是它的价值远远高于此数。smoking has little value except in helping to calm the nerves.抽烟除了消除紧张之外几乎没有什么好处。will the value of houses and land continue to increase?房地产的价值会节节上升吗?【相关链接】valuable adj. 有价值的valueless adj. 没有价值的priceless adj. 无价的worthless adj. 不值的to be good/excellent (bad/poor)很(不)划算be of value=valuable.values n. 价值观。3.forecast v.&n. 预报；预测【典型例句】the report forecasts that prices will rise by 3% next month.报告预测下月物价将上涨3%。snow is forecast for tomorrow.预报明天有雪。according to the weather forecast, it will be sunny tomorrow.天气预报说明天天晴。weather forecasts are usually inaccurate.天气预报常常是不准确的。【相关链接】a weather forecaster 天气预报员an economic forecaster 经济预测专家sales forecasts 销售预测forecast a fall in unemployment预测失业人数下降forecasts of higher profits利润将增加的预测4.acquire vt. 获得；取得；开始具有【典型例句】the company has acquired a new office building in central london.这家公司在伦敦市中心买了一幢新办公楼。he acquired a knowledge of english by careful study.他通过认真学习掌握了英语。he has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.他得到了一个奸诈的名声。i have recently acquired a taste for olives.我最近开始喜欢吃橄榄了。【相关链接】acquisition n. 获得；得到he devotes his time to the acquisition of knowledge.他把时间都花在求知上。5.sort n. 种类；类别vt. 将分类；整理【典型例句】what sort of meat do you like best?你最喜欢吃什么肉?he is the sort of person i really dislike.他这种人我真是不喜欢。we must sort out the good apples from the bad ones.咱们得把好苹果拣出来，同坏的分开。【相关链接】out of sorts 身体不适shes been out of sorts since the birth of her baby.她生了孩子以后身体一直不好。sort of=kind of 有点；几分sort out 整理6.frequent adj. 经常【典型例句】he makes frequent journeys to britain.他经常到英国旅行。her calls became less frequent.她打电话的次数减少了。there is a frequent bus service into the centre of town.公共汽车有很多班次开往市中心区。【相关链接】frequently adv. 频繁地；经常we must speak english frequently in order to improve our spoken english.为提高英语口考，我们必须经常说英语。7.tie n. 领带；纽带；联系；束缚v. 系；捆【典型例句】he was still a young man and he did not want any ties.他还年轻，不想有任何束缚。she tied the newspapers in a bundle.她把报纸扎成一捆。he had to tie his hands together.他不得不把他的双手绑在一起。【相关链接】(1)tie in with sth.和相符；相配the evidence ties in closely with what we have already known.这一证据和我们已掌握的情况完全相符。(2)tie.to. 把拴在he tied his horse to the stick.他把马拴在木桩上。(3)tie up 捆起；拴住8.common adj. 常见的；普通的；一般的【典型例句】rabbits and foxes are common in britain.兔子与狐狸在英国十分常见。how will these changes affect the common sense?这些变化会怎样影响一般人呢?this useful feature is common to both the two computers.这两种电脑都有这种实用的特点。【相关链接】common, usual, regular与ordinarycommon 普通的；常见的；共同的；共有的。usual 通常的；习惯的；经常发生的事，如自然发生的事、根据社会或个人习惯所做的事情。regular 通常的；常例的；强调遵循事物既定的或自然规律。ordinary 普通的；平凡的；强调普通；寻常以及缺乏优越的性质。9.appearance n. 外表；外貌；出现；露面【典型例句】the sudden appearance of a security guard caused them to drop the money and run.保安人员突然出现，他们丢下钱就跑了。the dutch player will make his first appearance this saturday.这位荷兰球员将在本周六首次亮相。she had never been greatly concerned about her appearance.她从来不怎么注重外表。【相关链接】in appearance 看起来；外貌上make ones appearance 登台；露面to all appearance 看起来完全像是appear v. 出现；出演；露面the problem first appeared in 1980s.这个问题最初出现是在20世纪80年代。by ten oclock he had appeared.到10点钟他还没有露面。10.popularity n. 人气；受欢迎程度【典型例句】his new album has won great popularity.他的新专辑很受欢迎。the rises in oil price have cause the increasing popularity of cycling.油价的上涨引起了自行车运动的流行。【相关链接】popular adj. 受欢迎的；大众化的he is a hugely popular singer.keep some in hand till more come.更多的到手以前，要保持手里的一点。他是一个十分受欢迎的歌手。this is one of our most popular designs.这是我们最受欢迎的设计之一。popularize v. 宣扬；宣传；推广。populous adj. 人口稠密的。11.remain vi. 保持；仍然是；剩下；余留；仍待；尚需【典型例句】she remained at home to look after the baby.她留在家中照顾宝宝。this place remains cool all summer.这个地方整个夏天都凉爽。train fares are likely to remain unchanged.火车票价很可能会保持不变。in spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.尽管有过争吵，他们仍是最好的朋友。she left, but i remained behind.她走了，而我留了下来。【相关链接】(1)remainder n. 剩下的人；事物或时间；剩余部分ten people came but the remainder stayed away.来了十个人，其余的没来。(2)remaining adj. 剩余的。the remaining food belongs to you.剩下的食物归你。(3)remains n. 剩余物；残骸his remains are buried in the churchyard.他的遗体埋葬在教堂的墓地里。12.advantage n. 有利条件；有利因素；优势【典型例句】being tall gave him an advantage over the other players.他个子高，比其他运动员有利。is there any advantage in getting there early?早到那里是否有利?each of these systems have its advantages and disadvantages.这些系统各有其优缺点。a small car has the added advantage of being cheaper to run.小型轿车还有一个优点是运行成本较低。【相关链接】(1)to ones advantage 对有利it would be to your advantage to attend the meeting.参加这次会议对你有利。(2)take advantage of 利用she took advantage of the childrens absence to tidy their rooms.她趁孩子们不在时收拾了他们的房间。(3)be at an advantage 处于优势地位(4)have the advantage of 利用(5)advantageous adj. 有利的；有好处的(6)advantaged adj. 处于优势的。13.judge vt. 判断；鉴别；审理；裁判；裁决n. 法官；裁判员；审判员【典型例句】who is going to judge the case?谁将要审理这个案件。she was asked to judge the essay competition.她被邀请担任散文比赛的评委。i judged him to be about 50.我估计他年龄在50左右。the judges decision is final.裁判的决定为最终决定。the judge sentenced him to five years in prison.法官判他五年监禁。【相关链接】(1)judging from 根据判断judging from his words, he has known the truth.从他的话判断，他已经知道真相了。(2)as far as can be judged/as far as one can judge据判断；据认为as fas as i can judge, all of them are to blame.依我看，他们都应承担责任。(3)judge a case 审理案件judgement n. 判断力；识别办法14.occur vi. 发生；出现；被想到；出现在头脑中【典型例句】a number of changes occurred in these years.近年来，发生了很大的变化。it didnt occur to me that you would object.我没想到你会反对。something unexpected occurred.发生了一件出乎意料的事。sugar occurs naturally in fruit.水果天然含糖分。it didnt occur to him that his wife got that book.他没有想到自己的妻子买了那本书。【相关链接】occurrence n. 发生，出现；发生的事情。its really an unfortunate occurrence.这真是不幸的事情。15.private adj. 私人的；个人的【典型例句】the car is his private property.那部车是他的私人财产。these are my fathers private papers.这些都是我父亲的私人文件。the hotel has 110 bedrooms, all with private bath-rooms.这家旅馆有110间客房，各有独立卫生间。【相关链接】(1)privately adv. 单独地；私下地can we speak privately?我们能单独谈谈吗?(2)in private 私下地；没有外人在场is there somewhere we can discuss this in private?有没有什么地方能让我们单独谈谈?16.gain vt. 获得；得到；赢得【典型例句】we gained much profit.我们获益匪浅。her unusual talent gained her worldwide recognition.她非凡的才能举世公认。i gained the impression that the matter had been settled.我的印象是事情已经解决了。the plane rapidly gained height.飞机急速升高。【相关链接】(1)gain, obtain与win辨析gain主要指通过斗争、竞争和劳动达到的优势、经验，相当于get和obtain。win一般指在竞争中获胜，宾语多为比赛、竞争。(2)a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一堑，长一智。17.handle vt. 得理；对付n. 把手；拉手【典型例句】he is hard to handle.他很难对付。a new man was sent to handle the crisis.新派了一个人来处理这次危机。we can handle up to 500 calls an hour at our new offices.我们的新办公室每小时可处理500次电话。we all have to learn to handle stress.我们都必须学会调节压力。this matter has been handled very badly.这件事处理地很糟糕。【相关链接】have a handle on sth. 理解；明白18.present vt. 提出；呈送；赠送；授予adj. 出席的；到场的；现在的n. 礼物；现在；目前【典型例句】the students presented the teacher with a bunch of flowers.学生们送给那位老师一束花。we learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.我们从过去中学习，体验现在和展望未来成功。many foreigners were present at the meeting.很多外国人出席了会议。the english spoken in the past was different from the present day english.过去讲的英语和今天的英语有所不同。they exchanged presents at the farewell party.他们在告别晚会上交换礼物。【知识小结】present用作形容词作定语时，如果表示“现在；当前”的意思时，往往用作前置定语，当表示“出席；到场”的意思时，用作后置定语，如：the present international situation当前国际形式the people present at the meeting出席会议的人们【相关链接】at present 现在for the present 暂时present oneself 出席present sb. with sth. 赠给某人某物presently 立刻；马上presenter n. 节目主持人presentation n. 表演；演出19.evident adj. 明显的；显然的【典型例句】its evident that you have been drinking.很显然你喝酒了。the growing interest in history is evident in the number of people visiting museums and country houses.从参观博物馆和乡村住宅的人数明显看出人们对历史越来越感兴趣。【相关链接】(1)evidence n. 证据can you show me any evidence for your statement?你能不能给我你供词的证据?(2)evidently adv. 明显的she walked slowly down the road, evidently in pain.她沿路慢慢走着显然很痛苦。20.accustomed adj. 习惯于；适应了的【典型例句】i soon got accustomed to his strange ways.我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的想法。he quickly became accustomed to the local food.他很快就习惯了当地的食物。this is not the kind of treatment i am accustomed to.这不是我惯常受到的那种待遇。my eyes slowly grew accustomed to the gloom.我的眼睛慢慢适应了黑暗。【相关链接】(1)be accustomed to 有时可以与be used to互换(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于accustom oneself to 使自己习惯于when he became a soldier, he had to accustom himself to long marches.他当兵的时候，他不得不使自己习惯于长途行军。21.appreciation n. 欣赏；赞赏【典型例句】please accept this gift in appreciation of all you have done for me.感谢你的帮助，请收下这份礼物。the crowd murmured in appreciation.人群低声赞叹着。【相关链接】(1)appreciate v. 感激；赞赏his talents are not fully appreciated in that company.他的才干在那家公司未受到充分赏识。(2)appreciate与thankappreciate后往往接某事；thank后往往接人。22.reasonable adj. 有道理的；合理的【典型例句】he is reasonable in his demands.他提出的要求是合理的。the hotel charged me a very reasonable price for a room.这家旅馆向我收取一个房间的合理费用。dont be afraid to talk to the teacher because she is very reasonable.不要害怕跟老师说话，她很通情达理。【相关链接】reason n. 理由；原因v. 推论；推理；评理；劝说give me your reasons for going.告诉我你去的动机。he reasoned that if we started at dawn, we would be there by noon.他推断，我们要是黎明出发，中午就能到。there is a great deal of reason in what you say.你的话很有道理。23.predict v. 预言；预料；预计【典型例句】the trial is predicted to last for months.预料审讯将持续数目之久。the doctor predicted that the patient would be walking again in a week.医生预计这位病人一周后就能行走如常。【相关链接】(1)predictable adj. 可预见的；可预料的the disease follows a highly predictable pattern.这种疾病几乎皆按预料模式发展。(2)prediction n. 预言；预告skilled readers make use of context and prediction.阅读能力强的人会利用上下文及推测来理解文意。24.brief adj. 简要的；简洁的；简短的【典型例句】we had a brief discussion about the problem.关于这个问题我们进行了简短的讨论。mozarts life was brief.莫扎特的一生是短暂的。【相关链接】(1)briefly adv. 简要地；简洁地he paused briefly before continuing.他停了片刻又继续行进。(2)in brief 总之in brief, your work is bad.总之，你做得不好。25.guide n. 说明；指南；导游；向导v. 引导；指导【典型例句】lett have a look at the tv guide and see whats on.咱们看看电视节目单上有什么节目。we hired a local guide to get us across the mountains.我们雇了一名当地人作向导带领我们穿过山脉。i let my feeling be my guide.我是跟着感觉走。【相关链接】(1)guidance n. 指导；引导activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced teacher.所有活动都在有经验的导师指导下进行。(2) travel guides 旅游手册(3)guide dog 导盲犬(4)guiding adj. 有影响力的26.classify vt. 分为；分类【典型例句】the books are classified according to the subjects.这些书按主题分类。patients are classified into three categories.病人被归为三种类型。【相关链接】classification n. 分类the classification of bony fish is extremely complicated.多刺鱼的种类极为复杂。27.content n. 常用作（contents)内容；目录；成分所容纳东西（contents）adj. 满意的；满足的【典型例句】is there a contents in the book?这本书有目录吗？eggs have a very high food content.鸡蛋营养丰富。he doesnt want more moneyhes content with what he has.他不想要更多的钱，他满足于现状。fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building.大火导致那栋大楼里的东西严重损害。she is content with very little.她很容易满足。【相关链接】content与contented都可用作形容词，表示满足的，满意的，但content不作前置定语，contented可用作前置定语。28.consideration n. 考虑；要考虑的事；体贴；关心【典型例句】we should give the matter careful consideration.我们应当对这问题加以慎重考虑。he showed consideration for her wishes.他对她的愿望表示体谅。low price and good conditions are two considerations in buying a used car.价格低廉、车况良好是买旧车时应考虑的两个因素。【相关链接】considerable adj. 相当的damage to the building was considerable.对这栋建筑物的损坏相当严重。the project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.那项工程耗费了相当多的时间和资金。(2)considerate adj. 考虑周到的；体贴的。she is always polite and considerate towards her employees她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。(3)considering prep. 考虑到considering hes only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.鉴于他刚刚开始，他懂得已经不少了。29.patient adj. 有耐心的