译林版高中英语选修7学案：词汇详解 Unit1　.doc

互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.review n.& vt. 复习；回顾；评论；审查；检阅【典型例句】she had been reviewing the previous week on her way home.在回家的路上她对前一个星期的事情进行了回顾。the play was reviewed in the national newspapers.全国性报纸都对这部戏剧进行了评论。the commander-in-chief reviewed the troops.总司令检阅了士兵。his new novel has been favorably reviewed.他新写的小说获得好评。the government will review the situation later in the year.政府将在今年晚些时候对形势重新加以研究。【相关链接】under review在检查中review the situation观察形势review the past回顾过去a review board检查委员会2.superior adj.更好的；较好的n.上级；优秀；优越【典型例句】this model is technically superior to its competitors.这一款式在技术上超过了与之竞争的产品。the enemy won because of their superior numbers.敌人由于兵力占优势取得了胜利。in our class, he has no superior in physics.在我们班，他的物理最好。im going to complain to your superiors.我要去找你的上级投诉。【相关链接】形容词 senior, superior, junior, inferior, anterior, posterior等可以表示比较意义，他们后面应该用to,不用than。3.record vt.&vi. 记录；记载；录音；录像n. 记录【典型例句】listen to the speaker carefully and record what he says.仔细听他讲话，然后记下来。she holds the world record for the 100 metres.她保持着100米的世界记录。he has an impressive record of achievements.他所取得的一系列成就令人赞叹。【相关链接】hold the record保持记录break the record打破记录set a new record刷新记录recorder录音机；录像机recording录音；录像4.wind vt.上发条；缠；绕n.风【典型例句】the wind is blowing from the south.刮的是南风。the path wound down to the path.这条小路弯弯曲曲通向海滩。the river winds its way between two meadows.这条河蜿蜒流经两个牧场之间。can i wind my window down?我可以把我这边的窗户摇下来吗?if we all agree, lets wind up the discussion.如果我们大家都同意，咱们就结束讨论吧。【相关链接】in the wind即将发生；在酝酿中like the wind一阵风似的a gust of wind一阵风put the wind up sb.使害怕；使惊吓wind down喘口气；逐步结束wind up结束wind-blown被风吹的；随风飘的windingadj.曲折的；弯曲的5.apply vt.申请；应用；施用；适用；涂【典型例句】you may apply in person or by letter.你亲自或通信申请均可。the rule cant be applied in every case.这规则并非适用于所有的情形。what i have said doesnt apply to you.我所说的话与你无关。we can apply his findings in new developments.我们可将他的调查结果应用于新发展中。he has applied to join the army.他已申请参军。【相关链接】apply oneself to.致力于he applied himself to his new job.他努力干好新工作。apply ones mind to.专心于he applied his mind to the difficulty.他专心思考这个难题。application n. 申请表；申请书；应用；运用his application has been refused.他的申请遭到了拒绝。applicant n. 申请人6.demand vt. 要求；强令；需要；询问；查问n. 要求；需要；需求(量)【典型例句】there is an increasing demand for organic produce these days.目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。the un has demanded that all troops be withdrawn.联合国已要求撤出所有部队。this sport demands both speed and strength.这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。demand is exceeding supply.供不应求。by popular demand, the play will run for another week.应广大观众要求，这出戏将加演一周。【相关链接】make demand of/on sb.向某人求助meet the demanding of public满足公众要求demanding adj.费神的7.spring n. 春季；春天；弹簧；发条；泉(水)v.跳；跃【典型例句】he was born in the spring of 1944.他出生于1944年春。the mattress has lost its spring.那个床垫失去弹性了。he turned off the alarm and sprang out of bed.他关上闹钟，从床上跳了下来。the mountain springs here are attractive.这儿的山泉很诱人。the branch sprang back and hit me in the face.那树枝弹回来，打在我脸上。【相关链接】spring sth.(on sb.)突然提出；突然带来spring a surprise on sb.使大吃一惊im sorry to spring it on you, but ive been offered another job.我很抱歉这样突然告诉您，我另有工作了。spring from由某事物造成；起源于某事物where on earth do you spring from?你究竟是从哪儿冒出来的?tears sprang from her eyes.她的眼里涌出了泪水。spring up迅速出现；兴起a doubt sprang up in her mind.他的心中产生了怀疑。8.delight n. 喜悦；快乐；高兴vt.&vi. (使)高兴；(使)颀喜【典型例句】he often thinks of the delights of life in the country.他时常怀念乡村生活的乐趣。her singing delighted everyone.她的歌唱使人人欢乐。i was delighted to hear the news of your success.我听到你成功的消息极为高兴。【相关链接】take delight in.以为乐be lighted by/at听到而高兴with delight高兴地乐意地to ones delight令我们高兴的是be in high delight非常高兴9.variety n. 多样；种种【典型例句】coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life of different shapes and bright colors.珊瑚不是植物，而是各种不同形状和色彩斑斓的生物的变体。there is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.有种类繁多的图案可供选择。this tool can be used in a variety of ways.这一工具有多种用途。we want more variety in our work.我们希望我们的工作多点儿花样。i was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer.所供应的菜肴之丰富让我们心动。【相关链接】various adj. 各种各样的tents come in various shapes and sizes.帐篷有各种各样的形状和大小。vary v.相异；不同the menu varies with season.菜单随季节而变动。class numbers vary between 25 and 30.班级的数目从25到30不等。10.assume vt. 假设；假想；认为【典型例句】it is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.认为经济继续好转是有道理的。it is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，紧张系工作过重所致。i had assumed him to be a belgian.我本以为他是比利时人。【相关链接】assume office就职assumption n. 假设assumed adj. 假定的；假设的11.convenient adj.方便的；便利的【典型例句】youll find these meals quick and convenient to prepare.你会发现准备这样的饭既快又省事。will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?明天开始工作对你而言方便吗?we must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting.我们必须安排一个合适的时间、地点开会。【相关链接】convenience n.方便；合适it was a great convenience to have the doctor living near us.有医生住在我们附近，极为方便。12.merely adv. 仅仅；只不过【典型例句】it is not merely a job, but a way of life.这不仅仅是一份工作，而是一种生活方式。im merely stating what everybody knows.我说的不过是些老生常谈。they agreed to go merely because they were getting paid for it.他们同意去只是因为他们会得到酬劳。the merest thing makes him nervous.微不足道的小事使他紧张不安。he merely wants to know the truth.他只不过想知道事情真相。【相关链接】mere adj.只不过；仅仅it took her a mere 20 minutes to win.他只不过花了20分钟就赢了。13.anyhow adv. 无论如何；杂乱的the house was empty and i couldnt get in anyhow.屋子里没人，我无论怎样都进不去。anyhow, you can try, even if there is not much chance of success.即使没有太多成功的机会，致少你可以试试。its too late now, anyhow.无论怎样，现在已经太迟了。the work was done all anyhow.这工作做得很马虎。【相关链接】anyhow表示“无论如何”的意义时，可以和anyway互换；除此之外anyhow还可表示杂乱无章的意思。14.selection n.可选之物；所选之物；挑选【典型例句】the showroom has a wide selection of kitchens.展厅里有各种式样的厨房可供选择。the final team selection will be made tomorrow.明天将确定队伍的最后人选。the performance included some musical selections.这次演奏包括了一些精选曲目。the shop has a fine selection of cheese.这家商店有上乘的奶酪。im delighted about my selection as leader.被选中作领导我十分高兴。【相关链接】select“精选；挑选”，指从同类的许多东西中仔细辨别后选择，挑选最合适的。choose“选择；挑选”，是最普通的用语。pick“挑选；挑捡”，是仔细挑剔和苛刻的选择，多指挑选有形的东西。15.in that case在那种情况下【典型例句】you dont like your job? in that case, why dont you leave?你不喜欢这份工作?那你怎么不辞掉呢?in that case, come a little earlier.若是那样的话，早点来。she was late, in that case, i cant wait for her.她迟到了，在那种情况下，我不能等了。【相关链接】in case (of)以防；万一take your dancing shoes in case you decide to go dancing.带着舞鞋，说不定你决定去跳舞。wed better insure the house in case of fire.这房子我们最好投保以防火灾。in any case无论如何in any case, catch the train tomorrow.无论如何，明天要赶上火车。be the case是真实的she thought she was hurt but it wasnt the case.她认为她受伤了，事实却并非如此。make out a case for.证明(某事)有理the report makes out a strong case for increased spending on hospital.这份报告提出了对增加医疗开支的有力论据。in no case决不16.stand for代表；象征；容忍【典型例句】what does “un” stand for?un代表的是什么?i condemn fascism and all it stands for.我谴责法西斯主义及其代表的一切。i cant stand (for) this insolence.我决不容忍这种傲慢无礼的行为。before we elect him to parliament, we want to know what he stands for.在我们选他当国会议员之前，我们要知道他的主张。【相关链接】stand by在场；靠近；袖手；旁观how can you stand by and watch the country go to ruin?你怎能眼看着国家走向灭亡而袖手旁观呢?stand aside站在一边；置身事外stand out杰出；更为重要stand up站起stand up for维护stand up to抵抗；勇敢反抗17.capable adj. 有能力的；有才能的【典型例句】he is quite capable of lying to get out of trouble.他颇有能力，靠撒谎渡过难关。the machine is capable of improvement.这台机器是可以改进的。he is capable of any crime.她什么坏事都干得出来。show your teacher what you are capable of.向你的老师表现出你的才能。he is quite capable of neglecting his duty.他很可能会疏于职守。【相关链接】capacity n.学习力；理解力the hall has a seating capacity of 500.此厅堂可容座500人。the book is within the capacity of young readers.这本书是少年读者可以理解的。some persons has more capacity of happiness.有些人比别人更善于体验幸福。18.up to date最近的【典型例句】the technology is bang up to date.这项技术是最新式的。we are keeping up to date with the latest developments.我们保持掌握最新的发展。【相关链接】up to视为某人的职责；达到；直到；不多于；能胜任its up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应竭尽所能帮助他们。the temperature went up to 35.气温上升到了35。up to now, hes been very quiet.到目前为止，他一直很安静。【知识小结】up-to-date常用作定语；up to date常用作状语。19.translation n.翻译；译文【典型例句】the book loses something in translation.此书在翻译过程中丢失了一些原意。he specializes in translation from danish into english.他专门从事把丹麦文译成英文的工作。【相关链接】translate v. 翻译o.把翻译成=o.her books have been translated into 24 languages.她的书被译成了24种语言。most peotry does not translates well.诗歌大多翻译得不好。20.weigh vt. 称的重量；权衡；考虑vi. 重量为【典型例句】he weighed himself on the bathroom scales.他用浴室磅秤量体重。she weighed the stone in her hand.他用手掂了掂那块石头的重量。i weighed the benefits of the plan against the risks involved.我认真考虑了这个计划的优点及其风险。【相关链接】weigh sb. down使烦恼；使焦虑weight n. 重量put on weight增加体重lose weight减肥take the weight off ones feet坐下来歇会儿21.measure vt.& vi. 测量；度量；判断；评估n. 措施；方法【典型例句】it is difficult to measure the success of the campaign at this stage.在现阶段还难以估量这场运动的成败。a ships speed is measured in knots.船速以节测量。the government is introducing tougher measures to combat crime.政府正在引入更强硬的手段来打击犯罪。an inch is a measure of length.英寸是长度的单位。【相关链接】take measures采取措施；to ones measure按照某人的尺寸;beyond measure极其；非常；in full measure最大限度的；safety measures安全措施；take ones measure量某人的尺寸。22.suitable adj.合适的；适宜的【典型例句】this programme is not suitable for children.这个节目儿童不宜。i dont have anything suitable to wear for the party.我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。is he suitable for the job?他适合做这项工作吗?【相关链接】(1)suit v. 适合；适宜；满足需要n. 一套衣服choose a computer to suit your particular needs.选一台适合你自个儿需要的电脑。if you want to go by bus, that suits me fine.要是你想坐公共汽车走，那对我也合适。(2)suit, fit与match.suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位。does the time suit you?这个时间对你合适吗?match多指大小、色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。the peoples great hall and the historical museum match the tian an men beautifully.人民大会堂和历史博物馆与天安门陪衬的极为美丽。fit多指大小合适，引申为“吻合”。the new coat fits me well.这件新衣服我穿着大小合适。23.guarantee v. 担保；保障；保证n. 保证；担保；保修单【典型例句】he gave me a guarantee that it would never happen again.他向我保证这种事情决不会再发生。we provide a 5-year guarantee against rust.我们保证，产品5年不生锈。we cant guarantee that our flights will never be delayed.我们不能保证我们所有的航班均不误点。we guarantee to deliver your goods within a week.我们保证一周内交货。【相关链接】be guaranteed to do sth.必定会that kind of behaviour is guaranteed to make him angry.那样的行为肯定会让他生气。24.advancement n. 促进；增加；进步；提高【典型例句】the development of education can contribute to the advancement of science.教育的发展能促进科学的进步。science has made great advancements during the last twenty years.近20年来科学有了很大的发展。【相关链接】advance v. 前进in advance预先you should let me know a week in advance.你应该提前一周让我知道。advanced adj.先进的；高级的there are only three of us on the advanced course.只有我们三人学高级课程。he was a man of advanced years.他是位年事已高的人。on advanced worker一位先进工作者advanced technology先进的技术advancing years/age年事渐高25.necessarily adv. 必然的【典型例句】the number of places available is necessarily limited.可用场所的数量不可避免地很有限。the number of places available is necessarily limited.可用场所的数量不可避免地很有限。biggest doesnt necessarily mean best.最大的不一定是最好的。we are going to lose.我们会输的。【相关链接】necessary adj. 必要的n. 必需品it may be necessary to buy a new one.也许有必要买个新的了。we have enough money for necessaries of life.我们有足够的钱买生活必需品。not necessarily未必；不一定necessity n. 生命中必不可少的物品is there any necessity for another election?有没有必要再选一次？there is no necessity for rudeness.无须如此无礼。food and clothing are necessities of life.食物与衣服均为生活必需品。26.expose vt. 使暴露；使显露；使曝光；使处于作用【典型例句】i threaten to expose him to the police.我威胁向警察检举他。his fatness exposed him to a lot of joking at the office.他的肥胖使他在办公室里遭受多方取笑。he threatened to expose the racism that existed within the police force.他扬言要把警察内部存在的种族歧视公之于众。he did not want to expose his fears and insecurity to anyone.他不想对任何人显露他的恐惧与不安。【相关链接】expose. to.使暴露于；接触；使体验we want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.我们想让孩子们受到尽可能多的艺术和文化熏陶。exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的27.equal adj.相等的；平等的；同等的n.同等或平等的人或物；匹放者【典型例句】there is an equal number of boys and girls in the class.这个班男女生人数相等。mary is quite equal to bill in brains.玛丽跟比尔一样聪明。the company has an equal opportunities policy.这家公司的政策是人人机会均等。she treats the people who work for as her equals.她以平等的身份对待为她工作的人。our cars are the equal of those produced anywhere in the world.我们的汽车可与世界上任何地方生产的汽车媲美。【相关链接】without equal无与伦比be equal to等于；和相等on an equal footing处于平等地位；相等sexual equality男女平等equalize v.使平等28.profit n.利益；利润；好处v. 得利；获益【典型例句】he sold his house at a profit, he made a profit of $1,000 on the sale.他卖房子赚了钱，在这笔生意上他赚了一千美元。he reads for profit and pleasure.他为了利益与情趣而读书。there is a rise/an increase in profit.利润有所上升。there is a drop/fall in profit.利润有所下降。【相关链接】profitable adj. 有利润的；盈利的for profit盈利的profitless没有用的；没有好处的profit from受益于profitably adv.有收获地profit-making能赚钱的29.parallel n.平行线；比较；相似处adj. 平行的；类似的【典型例句】they are parallel lines.他们是平行线。my feeling in this matter are parallel to yours.我对这件事的感觉和你差不多。the plane flew parallel to the coast.飞机沿海岸线飞行。these ideas have parallels in freuds thought too.这些观众在弗洛伊德的思想中也有相似之