译林版高中英语选修8学案：词汇详解 Unit1　.doc

互动课堂疏导引导一、词汇详解1.classic adj. 经典的；古典的；一流的；典型的n. 经典作品【典型例句】classic literature still has a place in the world today.古典文学在当今世界仍占有一席之地。shakespeares plays were all classics.莎士比亚的剧本都是经典之作。【相关链接】(1)classical adj.传统的；权威的；古典的he plays classical music as well as pop and jazz.他演奏古典音乐以及流行音乐和爵士乐。（2）classicalism n.古典主义；古典风格classicist n. 古典主义者；古典学者活学巧用1.完成句子（1）这部小说可能会成为现代名著。this novel may become a _ _.答案：modern classic（2）这是一个缺乏交流的典型例子。this is a _ _ of poor communication.答案：classic example(3)几个世纪前写的经典作品仍能在书店找到。some _written centuries ago can still be found in bookshops.答案：classics2.received adj.被承认的；被认可的；公认的【典型例句】the presidents view has become the received view.总统的观点已成为公认的观点。school should teach students the received pronunciation.学校应该教学生标准发音。【相关链接】be well received 受到好评；普遍认可receive vt.收到；受到；接待；款待；接纳；承认on the receiving end 接受别人的礼物；成为攻击的目标活学巧用2.完成句子(1)这本书受到老师们的一致好评。the book _ _ _ by the teachers.答案：is well received(2)他不愿承认她是他的儿媳。he would not _ her _his daughter-in-law.答案：receive,as3.adaptation n.改编；改写；适应【典型例句】this is a screen adaptation of shakespeares“macbeth”.这是莎士比亚悲剧麦克白的电影改写本。desert species need the adaptation to the hot conditions.沙漠物种需要适应炎热的环境。【相关链接】adaptto 使适应；使适合we had to adapt quickly to the new system.我们不得不迅速适应新制度。adapt sth.for/from sth.改编；改写three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视剧。活学巧用3.1）完成句子（1）把剧本改编作广播用很容易。the _ of the play for radio was easily done.答案：adaptation（2）当我们移居法国后，孩子们对变化适应很好。when we moved to france,the children _ _ the change very well.答案：adapted to2）单项填空it took him a while _himself _his new surroundings.a.to adapt;tob.to adopt;toc.adapting;tod.adopting;to提示：第一空为“it takes sb.some time to do sth.”故要用不定式。adopt意为“采纳；收养”。答案：a4.work n.作品；著作；产品；工厂（常用复数）【典型例句】shakespeares works include plays and poems.莎士比亚的作品中有剧本也有诗。he is reading the works of karl marx.他正在读卡尔马克思的著作。【相关链接】works of art 艺术品in work/out of work 有职业/失业have ones work cut out 做吃力的事set to work 开始工作make short work of sth.迅速做某事set about ones work 着手工作活学巧用4.1）完成句子贝多芬的钢琴曲在全世界都受到欢迎。beethovens _ _ are well received in the world.答案：piano works2）单项填空a chemical works _ accused _polluting the environment.a.was；ofb.are；ofc.is；tod.are；to提示：“一个化工厂”要用单数谓语，accuse sb.of sth.“因指控某人”。答案：a5.twist n. 转弯；弯曲；转折；扭曲vt. 使弯曲；使扭曲；曲解；歪曲vi. 转向；转身；转动；旋转【典型例句】he gave an unintended twist to my words.他无意中把我的话曲解了。he grabbed me and twisted my arm behind my back.他抓住我，把我的胳膊扭到背后。her face twisted in anger.她气得脸都变形了。【相关链接】twists and turns 迂回曲折round the twist 发疯；发狂twist sb.s arm 劝说；强迫；施加压力twister n. 骗子；难事；困难活学巧用5.完成句子（1）由于命运巧妙的安排，大约只过了一周，我们又相逢了。by a curious _ _,we met again only a week or so later.答案：twist of fate（2）报纸被指控歪曲事实。the newspaper was accused of _ _ _.答案：twisting the facts（3）道路沿海滨蜿蜒曲折。the road along the coast is full of _ _ _.答案：twists and turns6.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；丰富的；充足的【典型例句】he is always generous with his money.他不吝啬金钱。in recent years,workers have had a generous increase in salary.最近几年，工人的工资有了大幅度提高。【相关链接】generosity n. 慷慨；大方；宽大generously adv. 慷慨地；大方地；丰富地be generous in giving help 乐于助人a generous harvest 大丰收活学巧用6.1）单项填空it was _of him to offer to pay for us both.a.greedyb.generousc.meand.unkind提示：greedy“贪婪的”；mean“吝啬的”；unkind“不友好的”；generous“慷慨大方的”。答案：b2）完成句子这辆汽车的空间很大。the car has a _ amount of space.答案：generous7.fortune n. 机会；运气；命运；前途；财富【典型例句】i had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.我有幸与一些杰出的主管人员共事。a car like that costs a small fortune.像这样的轿车要花一大笔钱。the ring must be worth a fortune.那只戒指肯定要值很多钱。【相关链接】come into a fortune 继承一大笔财产make a fortune 发财try ones fortune 碰运气fame and fortune 名利tell ones fortune 算命fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的misfortune n. 不幸；灾祸fortunately adv. 幸运的是；幸运地unfortunately adv. 不幸的是fortuneteller n. 给人算命的人fortunetelling n.算命fortuneless adj. 不幸的；无财产的活学巧用7.1）单项填空（1）two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea._,neither of them could swim.a.in factb.luckilyc.unfortunatelyd.natural提示：从下文的“neither of them could swim”得到暗示，应填unfortunately“不幸地”。答案：c（2）after years of hard work,_ smiled on him finally.a.misfortuneb.fortunec.misfortunesd.fortunes提示：当“运气”讲时，“fortune”为不可数名词。fortune smiles on sb.为固定表达，表“某人交了好运”。答案：b2）完成句子他在房地产上发了财。he _ _ _ in real estate.答案：made a fortune8.constant adj. 固定的；不变的；不停的；持续不断的n. （物理、数学）常数；恒量【典型例句】babies need constant attention.婴儿一刻也离不开人。the old man drove the car at a constant speed,making us feel very comfortable.这位老人以固定的速度驾驶，这使得我们很舒服。i hate childrens constant interruptions.我讨厌孩子们无休止的打扰。【相关链接】constantly adv. 不断地；反复地；经常地constancy n. 稳定性；始终如一；忠诚；忠贞constitute v. 组成；构成；成立；设立constitution n. 宪法；章程；构成活学巧用8.单项填空（1）our country has drawn up a new _ which will come into effect next month,to protect some rivers from being polluted.a.orderb.actionc.constitutiond.constant提示：draw up意为“起草”；come into effect “指法律等生效”。所填词与法律有关，而c项为“宪法”之意，故选c项。答案：c（2）he has been _ in his devotion to scientific studies.a.constantb.constantlyc.contentd.constantly提示：be constant in意为“在方面忠贞的；不变的”。答案：a9.reminder n. 提醒（指人或物）；提示；催单【典型例句】the sheer size of the cathedral is a constant reminder to the tourist of the power of religion.仅仅是大教堂的规模就足以使游人时刻领略到宗教的尊严。the incident served as a timely reminder of just how dangerous mountaineering can be.这次事故及时提醒人们登山运动会有多么危险。the photo is a reminder of the happy time we spent together.这张照片使我想起了我们一起度过的快乐时光。【相关链接】（2）辨析remind,remember和recallremind指提醒；使想起remember指记得；想得recall侧重于“使人回忆起；收回”9.单项填空（1）please _me to take my raincoat in case it rains.a.rememberb.remindc.recalld.warn提示：此处指“提醒我带雨衣”。remember“记得”；recall“回忆”；warn“警告”。答案：b（2）i remembered _to beijing when i was a child.a.takingb.to be takenc.being takend.taken提示：remember,forget和regret其后接doing意为某事已发生过，而接to do则为事情还未发生。题中“i”与“take”应为被动关系。答案：c（3）she _me that i hadnt watered the flowers.a.remindedb.warnedc.remindsd.suggested提示：remind为“提醒”，c项时态有误。答案：a10.prejudice n. 偏见；成见vt. 使怀有偏见；有损于【典型例句】their decision was based on ignorance and prejudice.他们的决定建立在无知和偏见的基础上。i must admit to a prejudice in favour of british universities.我得承认我对英国大学有所偏爱。any delay will prejudice the childs welfare.任何延误都会损及这个孩子的身心健康。【相关链接】prejudiced adj. 有偏见的；带成见的；偏心的be prejudiced against 对有偏见prejudicial adj. 有害的（常与to连用）they are prejudiced against older applicants.他们对年长一些的申请人抱有成见。活学巧用10.完成句子（1）法官不该存有偏见。a judge must be _ _ _.答案：free from prejudice（2）很少有人会承认自己有种族偏见。few people will admit to _ _ _.答案：being racially prejudiced（3）他美妙的声音使我对他情有独钟。his pleasant voice _ me in his favour.答案：prejudices（4）他对借钱有成见，因为他怕别人不还。he has a _ _ lending money,because hes afraid he may not be repaid.答案：prejudice panion n. 旅伴；伴侣；陪伴；伙伴，同伴；参考书；指南【典型例句】tom was my companion on the journey.汤姆是我的旅伴。fear was the hostages constant companion.人质一直都感到恐惧不安。we became companions in misfortune.我们成了患难之交。【相关链接】companionable adj. 朋友般的；友好的companionship n. 友谊；友情ucompany n. u 陪伴；作伴；客人c公司；一群人keep pany 陪伴；作伴in company with sb.与某人一起be good(bad) company 是有趣（乏味）的伙伴part company with sb.半途分手；同有分歧活学巧用11.1）完成句子（1）与她同桌进餐使人感到十分高兴。she was a charming _ _.答案：dinner companion（2）他的弟弟和他情趣不太相投。his younger brother is not much of a _for him.答案：companion2）单项填空ill keep _ company while you are waiting.a.yourb.youc.yoursd.the提示：keep pany中sb.为宾语，故选宾格形式。答案：b12.bent adj. 决意的；想要的；弯曲的；驼背的【典型例句】she is bent on becoming a musician.她决心要成为音乐家。grandfather is bent with age.祖父因年老而弯腰驼背。do this exercise with your knees bent.双膝弯曲做这个动作。【知识小结】be bent on sth./doing sth.专心于；决心要【相关链接】bend v. 弯曲；弯腰；屈膝n. 转弯；弯bend over 将身子倾向于bend down 弯腰；屈膝bend sb.to sth.使屈服于；使顺从于bend oneself/sb.to sth.专注于bend the truth 歪曲事实；扭曲真理round the bend 疯狂make a bend 转弯take a bend 拐弯活学巧用12.1）完成句子（1）她似乎专门和我过不去。she _ _ _ making life difficult for me.答案：seems bent on（2）他想办法使女儿顺从他的愿望。he tried to_his daughter _ _ _.答案：bend,to his will2）单项填空（1）the lion _the baby,smelt it and went away.a.bent downb.bent offc.bent ond.bent over提示：此句意为“狮子将身子附在婴儿身上嗅了嗅，走开了”。故选择d项。答案：d（2）the old man _scientific research and has little time to stay with his family.a.is bent onb.is bended onc.is bent ford.is bent in提示：be bent on“专心致志于”。答案：a13.settle vt. 使定居；安顿；安放；解决（问题）；使平静下来；结算；结账【典型例句】the region was settled by the dutch in the nineteenth century.荷兰人于19世纪来到这一地区定居。its time you settled your differences with your father.现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了。he found it hard to settle down to his work.他觉得定不下心来工作。she settled the blanket around her knees.她用毯子裹住膝盖。【知识小结】settle down to sth.开始认真做某事；定下心来做【相关链接】settle down 定居下来；舒适地坐下（或躺下）settle a score/an account with sb.和某人算账（清算旧账）settler n.移居者；拓荒者；殖民者；问题解决者settlement n.安身地；居住区settled adj.稳固的；不变的unsettled adj.未解决的；未定的；不稳定的活学巧用13.1）完成句子（1）他们结婚后在伦敦定居下来。they got married and _ _ _.答案：settled in london（2）老师尽力使学生们安静下来。the teacher tried to _ _ _ _.答案：settle the students down（3）稳定的天气使庄稼生长良好。_ _ _makes the crops grow well.答案：the settled weather2）单项填空its terrible,i cant settle down to _today.a.doing anythingb.to do anythingc.did anythingd.have done anything提示：settle down to中的“to”为介词，其后接名词或v.-ing形式。答案：a14.acquaintance n. 相识；熟人；认识；了解【典型例句】tom has a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.汤姆交友很广。he hoped their acquaintance would develop further.他希望他们的交情会进一步发展。i had little acquaintance with modern poetry.我对现代诗所知甚少。【相关链接】make the acquaintance of sb./make sb.s acquaintance与某人初次相见；结识某人of ones acquaintance 所认识的；所了解的acquaintanceship n.泛泛之交；认识；了解acquaint vt.使熟悉；使了解acquainted adj.熟悉的；了解的活学巧用14.1）完成句子（1）他只是业务上认识的人。hes just _ _ _.答案：a business acquaintance（2）我所认识的人当中，没有一个人像他一样如此富有或者成功。no one else _ _ _ was as rich or successful as him.答案：of my acquaintance2）单项选择i made _ acquaintance of several musicians around that time.a.theb.ac.and./提示：make the acquaintance of sb.为固定短语。答案：a15.abuse vt.虐待；辱骂；滥用n.滥用；妄用；虐待；辱骂【典型例句】all the children had been physically and emotionally abused.所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。journalists covering the case have been treated and abused.报道此案的新闻记者遭到了恐吓和谩骂。he abused his body with heroin.他因吸服海洛因把身体搞垮了。the system of paying cash bonuses is open to abuse.支付现金红利制度可能被人钻空子。when i gave her some advice on her work,she gave me a stream of abuse.当我就她的工作给予建议时，她劈头盖脸骂了我一通。【相关链接】a drug abuser 嗜毒者a child abuser 虐待儿童者abusive adj.恶语的；毁谤的；虐待的abusively adv.毁谤地；虐待地活学巧用15.1）完成句子（1）她滥用自己的职权将工作安排给朋友们。she _ _ _ by giving jobs to his friends.答案：abused her position（2）他因被控贪污腐化和滥用职权而遭逮捕。he was arrested on charges of corruption and _ _ _.答案：abuse of power（3）她遭受了多年的身体摧残。she suffered _ _ _ _.答案：years of physical abuse2）单项填空he became _ when he was drunk.a.abuseb.abusivec.abusivelyd.abuser提示：became在此为系动词“变得”，后跟形容词作表语。答案：b16.pity v.同情；怜悯；可怜【典型例句】he pitied people who were stuck in dead-end jobs.他很同情那些工作上毫无进展的人。compulsive gamblers are more to be pitied than condemned.对嗜赌成瘾者要多些同情，少些谴责。i pitied her having to work such long hours.她不得不加班加点工作，真让我同情。【相关链接】pity n.同情；怜悯；可怜take pity on sb.=pity sb.同情某人its a pitythatto do sth.遗憾；可惜what a pity!真遗憾！pitiful adj. 令人同情的；可怜的；卑微的pitiless adj.冷酷的；无情的活学巧用16.1）单项填空（1）i pitied her _ school so early.a.leavingb.to leavec.leftd.having left提示：pity后常跟v.-ing作宾语，又因“离校”在前，所以用了动名词的完成形式。答案：d（2）ive lost my favourite book._!a.what a pityb.what a shamec.how a pityd.a and b提示：因说话者丢了喜爱的书，所以认为是一个遗憾。shame,pity都可作“遗憾”讲。答案：d2）完成句子我同情她就把钱借给了她。i _ _ _ her and lent her the money.答案：took pity on17.reform vt. 改革；改良；改正；改造；悔改n.改革；改良【典型例句】they put forward some proposals to reform the social security system.他们提出了一些改革社会保险体制的建议。she thought she could reform him.她觉得她可以使他洗心革面。this is a far-reaching reform.这是一场意义深远的变革。【相关链接】reformation u改革；变革；宗教改革reformer n.改良者；改造者reformist adj.改良主义的；改革派的reformatory n.青少年教学院活学巧用17.1）单项填空the law needs _.a.reformedb.to be reformedc.being reformedd.to reform提示：need如果是表示主语“需要被”，往往用v.-ing的主动形式和to be done作宾语。答案：b2）完成句子（1）他许诺要改过自新。he promised _ _.答案：to reform（2）我们的政府是致力于改革的政府。our government is one _ _ _.答案：committed to reform18.pressure n.压力；大气压；强迫；要求；紧张【典型例句】the nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop the bleeding.护士压住他的胳膊止血。a band of high pressure is moving across the country.一股高气压正横越这个国家。theres a great deal of pressure on young people to conform.年轻人被大力要求守规矩。how can anyone enjoy the pressure of city life?怎会有人喜欢都市的压力呢？【相关链接】put pressure on sb.强迫；迫使；给某人施加压力under pressure 在压力下press v.挤住；压住；榨出（果汁等）；熨平；紧抱；挤开人群前进the press 报纸；杂志；出版界；新闻界press sb.to do sth.强迫某人干某事press ones way to挤着向走press sth.home 坚持不懈；争辩到底press sth.on sb.强迫某人接受活学巧用18.1）完成句子拥挤的人群把路障弄倒了。the barriers gave way _ _ _ _ the crowd.答案：under the pressure of2）单项填空（1）john will take part in an important party,so he let his wife _his suit.a.pressingb.pressc.press ond.to press提示：此处指“约翰让他的妻子给他熨西服”。press作“熨衣服”为及物动词，let后接动词原形，故选择b项。答案：b（2）no politicians can ignore the power of _.a.pressb.a pressc.pressesd.the press提示：the press此处指“新闻界”，句意为：“没有一个政治家能够忽视新闻界的力量。”答案：d19.resist v.抵抗；反抗；抵制；忍住；抵挡【典型例句】they are determined to resist pressure to change the law.他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。he tried to pin me down,but i resisted.他试图制伏我，但我奋力反抗。i found the temptation to skip classes too hard to resist.我抵挡不住逃课的诱惑。a healthy diet can help your body resist infection.健康饮食有助于身体抗感染。【相关链接】resistance n.反对；反抗；抵抗力；阻力；电阻resistant adj.有抵抗力的；阻止的；抗的resister n.抵制者；抗拒者；反抗者resistable adj.可抵制的；可抗拒的resistor n.电阻器活学巧用19.1）单项填空（1）he couldnt resist _his new car.a.showing offb.to show offc.to be shown offd.shown off提示：resist作“忍住”讲时,后常跟v.-ing 作宾语。答案：a（2）she was charged _arrest.a.with resistb.with resistingc.of resistd.of resisting提示：be charged with“因而被控告”，with是介词。答案：b2）完成句子银行强烈反对降低利率。the bank strongly _ _ _.答案：resisted cutting interest活学巧用20.mistaken adj.犯错的；错误的；判断错误的【典型例句】youre completely mistaken about jane.你对简的看法完全错了。i thought i saw someone i knew,but i must have been mistaken.我以为看到了一个熟人，但我肯定是搞错了。【相关链接】(1)mistake n.错误；口误；笔误make a mistake 犯错误and no mistake 的确；无疑地by mistake 无意地in mistake for sth.误以为是；错看成make no mistake 别弄错(2)mistake v.误会；误解；看错mistake sb./sth.for sb./sth.把错当成(3)mistaken identity 认错人活学巧用20.单项填空（1）i took your bag instead of mine _.which is wrong?a.by mistakeb.by accidentc.by chanced.for mistake提示：“无意的；偶然的”可用a、b、c三种来表达。答案：d（2）i think you must be _me _someone else.a.mistake；forb.mistaking；forc.mistook；ford.mistaking；by提示：must be doing sth.“肯定正在干某事”，mistakefor“把误当作”。答案：b21.entertaining adj.令人愉快的；有趣的【典型例句】i found the talk both informative and entertaining.我认为这种谈话既有知识性也有趣味性。she was always so funny and entertaining.她总是那么风趣，令人愉快。【相关链接】entertain v.招待款待；使快乐；怀有（想法感觉）entertainer n.演员；表演者；艺人entertainingly adv.令人愉快地；有趣地entertainment n.娱乐活动；表演节目；招待；款待活学巧用21.用entertain,entertaining,entertainment,entertainer填空（1）he made an _speech last night.答案：entertaining（2）he _us for hours with his stories and jokes.答案：entertained（3）we saw a street _playing organ.答案：entertainer（4）local _are listed in the newspaper.答案：entertainment活学巧用22.transform vt.&vi.（使）变形；（使）改变；（使）改观【典型例句】the photochemical reactions transform the light into electrical impulses.光化学反应使光变为电脉冲。a new colour scheme will transform your bedroom.新的色彩调配将使你的卧室焕然一新。he was transformed and became famous nationwide over-night after his first poetry was published.他的第一本诗集出版后，他有了改变并且一夜全国闻名了。【相关链接】transformation n.变化；转变；改革transformer n.变压器transfusion n.输入；注入transfuse v.输血活学巧用22.完成句子（1）那是能彻底改变我一生的一件事。it was an event that would _ _ _.答案：transform my life(2)这家公司已由一个家庭企业变成拥有数百万英镑的运作机构。the company _ _ _from a family business to a multi-million-pound operatio