译林版高中英语选修8课件：Unit 3 Period Four Grammar and usage.ppt

unit3theworldofcoloursandlight grammarandusageinversion 在疑问句中用倒装 didyougotovisitthelouvre whatdoyouknowaboutvangogh conclusion thepredicateorpartofit whenweuseinversion weput beforethesubject partaliminggottolondonandwroteane mailtohisparents readwhathewroteandunder linetheinversionsincludedinthetext 1 auntreallyenjoyedfranceandsodidi 2 hardlyhadweleftthedormitorythenextmorningwhenwerealizedwehadforgottenourmapintheroom 3 hadyoucomewithus ithinkyouwouldhaveenjoyedeuropetoo 4 isthereanythingspecialthaticanbringyou 倒装句分为两种 部分倒装和全部倒装部分倒装将谓语的一部分提到主语之前全部倒装将谓语的全部提到主语之前 部分倒装 1 句首状语为否定副词或半否定副词的句子这类词或短语主要有 not no never neither nor few little seldom rarely hardly scarcely nosooner notonly innoway atnotime 等hedidnotlikethepainting neitherdidi neitheramiimpressedbythepaintingsnordoilikethem neverinmylifehaveiseensuchwonderfulpictures notaworddidhesayabouthisvisittotheartmuseum atnotimeduringthetourwasibored seldomdoeshepaintnow hardlyhadigottoamsterdamwhenitbegantosnow 如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分 不用倒装 itwasnotuntilhewentabroadthatheknowthetruthofthefact 如果hardly scarcely后面接的是any ever atall时 意义类似almostno not never 几乎不 从不 则无须倒装 hardlyanypeoplehavingbeeninvitedwentthere 部分倒装 practice hardly theairportwhentheplanetookoff a ihadarrivedatb hadiarrivedc hadireachedd ihadgotto haveyoueverseenanythinglikethatbefore no anythinglikethatbefore a ineverhaveseenb neverihaveseenc neverhaveiseend ihaveseen sheisnotfondofcooking i a soamb noramc neitherd nordo 部分倒装 2 only 状语放在句首 要部分倒装 onlyonsuchatripcanyoulearnasmuchabouteuropeanartists 介词短语 onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit 介词短语 onlythendidirealizetheimportanceofmath 副词 onlywhenthewarwasoverin1918washeable 从句 togethappilybacktowork 部分倒装 practice onlyinthisway makeprogressinyourenglish a youb canyouc youbeabletod willyouableto onlywhenthemeetingwasover gobacktomeethisfriend a hecouldb hewasabletoc washeabletod wasabletohe 部分倒装 3 so 也 或so such that结构引导的短语放在句首soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim limingenjoyedthemuseum sodidhisgrand motherandaunt socrowdedwastheartgallerythaticouldhardlymoveabout tosuchlengthdidshegoinrehearsalthatthetwoactorswalkedout 部分倒装 practice ilikesportsand mybrother a sodoesb soisc socand solikes thedoctortoldcharlietobreathedeeplyand a sodidcharlieb charliedidsoc charliedoessod didcharlieso soloudly that hearherclearly a didshespeak couldeveryoneb didshespeak everyonecouldc shespoke couldeveryoned shespoke everyonecould 部分倒装 4 notonly 分句 butalso 分句 句型中的前一分句要部分倒装 notonlydoesjohnlovechinese heisalsogoodatspeakingit notonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick notonly butalso 连接主语时 不倒装 practice himselfwrong buthisfriendswerewrong a notwasonlyheb notonlyhec notonlywashed notonlywas 部分倒装 5 notuntil放在句首 从句不倒装 主句倒装 notuntillastweekdidtheyfindthelostbike 简单句 notuntilmysonhadenteredtheuniversitydidherealizetheimportanceoftime 复合句 部分倒装 practice notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury knowwhatheatis a mandidb manc didn tmand didman notuntilibegantowork realizehowmuchtimeihadwasted a didn tib didic ididn td i 部分倒装 6 在以often well manyatime nowandagain等方式或频度副词 短语 开头的句子中 要用部分倒装结构 manyatimehasjohngivenmegoodadvice oftenhavewemadethattest practice manyatime swimmingalone a theboywentb wenttheboyc didtheboygod didgotheboy tosumup部分倒装 1 句首状语为否定副词或半否定词副的句子2 only 状语放在句首3 so 也 或so such that结构引导的短语放在句首4 notonly 分句 butalso 分句 句型5 notuntil放在句首6 以often well manyatime nowandagain等方式或频度副词 短语 开头的句子7 虚拟语气中省略if时 morepractice partbonp41 invertthefollowingsentencesusingthestructureswithnegativewords 1ihaveneverseensuchbeautifulflowersinthecity 2idonothavetimetogotothemuseumtodayandialsodonotwantto 3ihadhardlystartedtolookatthepaintings whentheteachersaiditwastimetoleavethemuseum 4theartistisalwaysdrawing heisseldomseenwithoutanotebookinhishand 1neverhaveiseensuchbeautifulflowersinthecity 2neitherdoihavetimetogotothemuseumtodayandnordoiwantto 3hardlyhadistartedtolookatthepaintingswhentheteachersaiditwastimetoleavethemuseum 4theartistisalwaysdrawing seldomisheseenwithoutanotebookinhishand 全部倒装 1 therebe结构 另外 在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有 exist seem happen appear live rise stand等 therestoodadogbeforehim thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion practice abeautifulpalace thefootofthehill a therestand atb therestands underc standsthere underd therestands at 全部倒装 2 here there now then come 或be等 主语 结构 herecomestheoldlady thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto therecomesthebus nowcomesyourturn 除了then引导的句子常用过去式 如果表示一种生动的描述时则常用一般现在时 其次 如果主语是人称代词 就不用倒装 如 hereyouare thereshecomes 全部倒装 practice there andhere a goesthephone shecomesb isthephonegoing isshec doesthephonego doesshecomed thephonegoes comeshe 全部倒装 3 表示方向的副词out in up down等置于句首 要用全部倒装 且主语名词时incamemrwhite upwentthearrowintotheair awaywenttheboy practice out withastickinhishand a didherushb rushedhec herushedd hedidrush fromthetopofthebuildingwhenthepolicemanpointedthegunathim a jumpeddowntherobberb jumpedtherobberdownc downjumpedtherobberd downtherobberjumped 全部倒装 4 分词 代词such be 主语 结构 walkingattheheadofthelinewasourteacher suchwasthestoryhetoldme practice amanofachievements deepthoughts butwithsimplehabits a einsteinwassuchb suchwaseinsteinc einsteinwassod sowaseinstein arethedayswhenteacherswerelookeddownupon a goneb goc togod going 全部倒装 5 表示地点的介词短语 如onthewall underthetree infrontofthehouse inthemiddleoftheroom等 放在句首时且主语名词时 要全部倒装 onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree infrontoftheclassroomisaplayground practice nearthechurch cottage a wassuchanoldb hadasooldc wassucholdad issoanold 全部倒装 6 句首为直接引语时 i dliketocomebackandseemonet sgarden saidmyaunt this saidtheartist isthemostbeautifulplaceihaveeverseen 7 当主语较长 谓语很短时 为了使句子平衡把某一成分放在句首 主谓全部倒装 gonearemyfriendsfromthecottonfieldsaway presentattheconferenceweregeneralmanager vice generalmanagersand215directors tosumup 1 therebe exist seem happen appear live rise stand 结构 2 here there now then come be 主语 结构 3 方向副词out in up down等置于句首且主语名词时4 分词 代词such be 主语 结构 5 表示地点的介词短语 如onthewall underthetree infrontofthehouse inthemiddleoftheroom等 放在句首时 且主语名词时6 句首为直接引语时7 句子平衡 全部倒装 部分提前主谓不倒装 1 由as however nomatterhow though和be引起的让步状语从句主谓不倒装 只须把形容词 副词 分词 实义动词提前提到as前 且单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词 tiredashewas hekeptonrunning tryasimight icouldn tliftthebox childashewas hecouldworkouttheproblem howeverharditry ican tunderstandthequestion closethoughtheunionofsmallparticlesis wehavefoundwaysofbreakingthem betheraineversoheavy iwillgotherenow practice he shonest a asheispoorb poorishec poorasheisd poorasishe 2 表示祝愿的句子中的may倒装mayourcountrybecomeprosperousandstrong morepractice 1 cometoourcountryastoday a foreignguestswhohaveneverb neversomanyforeignguestshavec neverhavesomanyforeignguestsd theforeignguestsaren tever2 thathecouldnotspeakforalongtime a sofrightenedwasheb sofrightenedhewasc washesofrightenedd frightenedwashe3 manyatime goodadvice a givesmehisb hegivesmec igivehimd doeshegiveme 4 rarely sodifficultachoice a shecouldhavefacedwithb couldhaveshefacedwithc shecouldhavebeenfacedwithd couldshehavebeenfacedwith5 inaphycialchangenonewsubstanceisformed inthecompositionofmater a nordoesanychangetakeplaceb noranychangetakesplacec notanychangetakesplaced eitheranychangetakeplace6 onlyinafewcountries areasonablestandardofliving a thewholeofthepopulationenjoyb thewholeofthepopulationenjoysc doesthewholeofthepopulationenjoyd hasawholeofthepopulationenjoy 7 seldom tocomeovertohaveachatwithhiminthosedays a haveihavetimeb didihavetimec ihavetimed ihavegottime8 tomorrowwillbesunday a soitwillb sowillitc eitheritwilld eitherwillit9 little thatthedistrictwasveryrichinresources a wesuspectectedb wedidsuspectc didwesuspectd dowesuspect 10 theteacherisnottoohappywiththestudent and ishisfather a notb nei