译林版高中英语选修8学案：语法解读 Unit2　.doc

语法解读省略在一个句子的范围内（包括简单句、并列句和复合句）为了避免重复，使结论简化和精炼，或者为了使某一内容更加显要注目，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变，叫作省略。1.省略主语此处省略通常出现在口语语体和私人信件、便条、日记等非正式的文字中，往往省去主语“i”或“it”。如：beg your pardon.对不起。（省略了主语“i”）hope you are well, and that i shall hear from you after your holiday.希望你健康，并希望在你度假后能收到你的来信。（省略了主语“i”）havent seen you for a long time.好久没见到你了。（省略了主语“i”）serves you right.你活该。（省略了主语“it”）有时省去的主语是your，这时在句末往往带有一个反意疑问句。如：had a good time, did you？你玩得很痛快是吗？2）want a drink, do you?你想喝点什么吗？2.省略谓语动词省略谓语动词就是指省略谓语中的动词部分，包括助动词和实义动词。如：you can play in the house, but you mustnt outside the house.你们可以在家里玩，但别到外面去玩。（mustnt 后省略了play）whatever your problems, they cant be worse than mine.不管你面临什么问题，总不会比我的更严重。（problem 后省略了谓语动词are）you live here?你住在这里吗？（句首省略了助动词do）feeling any better today?（你）感觉今天好点了吗？（句首省略了助动词和主语are you）i cant discuss it with them when and where they like.我不可以在他们感到喜欢的时间和地点同他们讨论这个问题。（省略了第一分句中的they like）when free, she will go shopping.她一有空就去逛商店。（因主从句中的主语相一致，而且从句中的谓语是动词be,省略了从句when后的she is）once published，the book will caused a remarkable stir。这书一出版，就会引起一场轰动。（因主从句中的主语相一致，而且从句的谓语是动词be，省略了从句once后的it was）fill in the blanks with prepositions where (it is)necessary.在需要的地方用介词填空。（有时尽管主从句中的主语不相一致，但仍省略了从句where后的it is）3.省略表语此种情况常用于表语重复出现时。如：are you a student? yes, i am.你是个学生吗？是的，我是（个学生）。（省略了a student）i am happy if you are.如果你高兴，我就高兴。（省略了happy）you must also be a football fan, since your brother is.既然你兄弟是个足球迷，你必定也是。（省略了a football fan）4.在由“than”引导的从句中的省略在由“than”引导的表示比较的状语从句中，省略的情况是很普通的，只要意义明确，凡是与主句中相同的成分通常都可以在从句中省去。如：tom is taller than bell(is).汤姆比贝尔高。（省略了tall）bill enjoys reading more than tom.比尔比汤姆更喜欢看书。（省略了enjoys reading）my sister speaks english more fluently than anyone else in her class.我姐姐讲英语比她们班任何人讲得都好。（省略了speak english）the film is much more interesting than i expected.这部电影比我预料的有意思得多。（省略了that the film was）5.在动词不定式符号“to”后的省略动词不定式符号“to”后面的动词或动词短语在句中重复出现时，往往可以省略，使语言表达更为精炼。常用的这类动词有ask, forgot, hate, hope, invite, like, love, persuade, refuse, tell, try, want, wish等。如：i wanted him to go with me, but he refused to.(=to go with me)我想叫他和我一起去，但他拒绝那样做。i meant to write to you, but i forgot to.(=to write to you) 我曾打算给你写信，但忘记那样做了。he wanted to leave before the class was over, but i told him not to.(to leave before the class was over)他要在下课前离开，但我告诉他不要那样做。6.在疑问词后的省略who, which, when, where, why, how, what等疑问词在引导从句时，其后的成分如与句子中出现的成分相同，往往可以省去。如：someone has cleaned the classroom, but i dont know who.(=who has cleaned the classroom)有人打扫了教室，但我并不知道是谁。they are going abroad soon, but i dont know when.(=when they are going abroad)他们不久就要出国了，但我不知道具体时间。one of the ministers was a graduate of our school, but i forgot which.(=which was a graduate of our school)这些部长中有一位是我校的毕业生，但我忘记是哪一位了。7.在复合句中的省略复合句中某些成分省略的情形也是很多的。在回答问题时我们常这样说：can you come with your husband this afternoon?今天下午你和你丈夫能一道来吗？i am afraid not.恐怕不能。（=i am afraid that i can not come with my husband this afternoon.)did you know anything about it?你对此了解吗？not until you told me.直到你告诉我，我才知道。（=i did not know anything about it until you told me.）shall i make a copy of it?我是否复制一份？yes, if time permits.是的。如时间容许，请复制一份。（yes, please make a copy of it if time permits.）8.有时“so”可用来代替一个从句，或从句的一部分，而把这一部分省略。如：is he coming back tonight?他是否今晚回来？i guess so.我想是这样。（代替he is coming back tonight.）she may not be free today.她今天下午可能没时间。if so, well have to put the m