译林版高二英语选修8学案：Unit1 SectionⅢ Word版含解析.doc

unit 1the written wordpart grammar否定陈述否定陈述即含有否定词的陈述句。否定陈述经常被用来纠正错误的观念。例：money does not buy happiness.金钱买不来幸福。在这个句子中，金钱能买来幸福的错误观念得到了纠正。否定陈述的构成形式1助动词not例：i dont think so.我不这样认为。he does not have lunch at home.他不在家里吃午饭。2具有否定意义的表达常用的具有否定意义的词有no(不；没有)，none(无人；没有任何东西)，nobody(没人；谁也不)，nothing(没有东西；什么也没有)，nowhere(哪儿也不)，nohow(绝不；毫不)，neither(两者皆不)，never(永不；从不)，dislike(不喜欢)，disagree(不同意)，useless(没有用的)，unimportant(不重要的)及短语out of.，far from.，too.to.等：no one is in the classroom.教室里没人。i like neither.两个我都不喜欢。he never tells a lie.他从不撒谎。the book is useless.这本书没有用。she dislikes him.她不喜欢他。the machine is out of work.这台机器不能工作了。he is too young to go to school.他太小，还不能上学。注意：有时not与带有否定前缀的形容词连用，可表示一种肯定意义。例：its not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.发现她在读报纸是常见的事。3有些总括性代词、形容词或副词等和not连用时，表示半否定(也称部分否定)；这类总括性词有all(一切；全体)，both(两者)，each或every(每个；人人)，everyone(每个人；人人)，everything(每件事；每件东西)，everywhere(每个地方；各地)，always(总是)，altogether(全体)，wholly(全部)等：both are not correct.(或not both are correct.)并非两个都对。(只有一个对。)比较：neither is correct.两个都不对。such a thing cant be found everywhere.这种事并非到处可见。比较：such a thing can be found nowhere.(或such a thing cant be found anywhere.)这种事什么地方也见不到。总括性词和带有否定意义的前后缀的单词连用，谓语动词使用肯定式，意思为完全否定：both are useless.两个都没用。we all dislike him.我们都不喜欢他。4有些具有半否定意义的词表示否定。这类半否定词有hardly(几乎不)，seldom(很少)，little(几乎没有)，few(很少)，rarely(很少)，barely(勉强，几乎不)，scarcely(几乎没有)等：he is seldom late.他很少迟到。few people could do it then.当时很少有人能干这事。5有时也可以用一些带有否定意义的短语来表达否定。常见的有：far from，unless，free from，would rather.than等：unless you read the novel yourself，youll never know what happens at the end.除非你亲自读小说，否则你不会知道结局怎样。6有时if/whether从句里面也可加not来表示附加否定。i wonder whether/if i shouldnt bring an umbrella.我想知道我是不是不该带雨伞。.单项填空1 we couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us.aall；no bany；nocnone；any dno one；any2 both teams were in hard training；_ was willing to lose the game.aeither bneithercanother dthe other3 can you come on monday or tuesday?im afraid _ day is possible.aeither bneithercsome dany4 i agree with most of what you said，but i dont agree with _.aeverything banythingcsomething dnothing5 he seldom has lunch at school，_？ahasnt he bhas hecdoesnt he ddoes he6 i wont let you in _ you show me the written permission of the commander.aapart from bunlesscexcept dbut7 tom could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.aadmit badmittedcadmitting dto admit8 i know nothing about the young lady _ she is from beijing.aexcept bexcept forcexcept that dbesides9 he dislikes it when his mother scolds him，_？adoesnt he bdoes hecdoesnt she ddoes she10 i dont think he is honest，_？aisnt he bis hecdo i ddont i11 all of them dont like him.that is to say，_ likes him.ano one bnonecnot everyone dboth a and c12 i am not sure _ or not he will come tomorrow.athat bwhethercif dwhat13 he _ english every morning but his classmates _.aisnt read；readbdoesnt read；docdoesnt read；readdisnt read；do14 the housework is too much for me，jack.sorry，but i cant help _ it，joan. ive got something important to do，you know.ado bdoingcto be doing dhaving done15 have you all read harry potter iv before?_.anobody of us has bnobody of us didcnone of us has dnone of us did16 the book is _ boring；it is，in fact rather exciting and fascinating.aall but bnothing butcno more danything but17 which of the two computer games did you prefer?actually i didnt like _.aboth of them beither of themcnone of them dneither of them18 most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees，but _ they have eggs or young chicks，they dont use a nest.awhy bhowcunless dwhere19 he has made a lot of films，but _ good ones.aany bsomecfew dmany20 sorry，i made a mistake again._.practice more and youll succeed.anever mind bcertainly notcnot at all ddont mention it.体验高考1i told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，_？acould he bdidnt icdidnt you dcould they2i dont really like james.why did you invite him?dont worry.he _ come.he said he wasnt certain what his plans were.amust not bneed notcwould not dmight not3hows your new babysitter?we _ ask for a better one.all our kids love her so much.ashould bmightcmustnt dcouldnt4would you like tea or coffee?_，thank you.ive just had some water.aeither bbothcany dneither5how was your recent trip to sichuan?ive never had _ one before.aa pleasant ba more pleasantca most pleasant dthe most pleasant6jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.aneither wont tom btom wont eitherctom will too dso will tom7it doesnt matter if they want to come to your party，_？adoesnt it bdoes itcdont they ddo they答案：.1.c由后半句句意：“我们身上都没带钱”，知句子应用完全否定，排除a、b两项。no one不能与of连用，所以选c项。2b句意：“两队都在刻苦训练，谁也不愿输掉比赛。”“两者都不”应用neither。3b句意：“你能星期一或星期二来吗？”“恐怕哪天也不行。”根据im afraid及原句给出的选择是两者，所以使用表否定的词“两者都不”，用neither。4a句意：“我同意你说的大部分，但我并非同意全部。”句子应用部分否定，如选b项则是完全否定。5d句意：“他很少在学校吃饭，是吗？”seldom构成的句子为否定句，其反意疑问句应用肯定形式。6b句意：“除非你给我看你长官的书面允许，否则我不能让你进去。”7a句意：“汤姆除了向老师承认他错了之外，别无他法。”could do nothing but do.“除之外别无他法。”8c句意：“对于这个年轻女人，我除了知道她来自北京之外，别的一无所知。”a、b、d三项均为介词，后不加句子。9a本句主句为he dislikes it，后面反意疑问部分应与主句一致，因此排除c、d两项；而且dislike虽然带有否定前缀，但主句仍按肯定句对待。10b因本句主句的主语是第一人称，因此反意问句部分应根据宾语从句决定，排除c、d两项；此外本句涉及否定转移，故选b项。11cboth，all，every，everyone，always等词用于否定句表示部分否定。no one，none等表示全部否定。12b因从句中有or not，排除a、d两项；if不与or not连在一起使用，排除c项。13bbut前面分句应用一般现在时态，实义动词read的一般现在时态否定形式为doesnt(dont) read，排除a、d两项；but后的分句为省略形式，用do代替read english every morning。14acant help(to)do“帮不上忙”；cant help doing sth.“禁不住做某事”。15cnobody后不接of结构，排除a、b两项，根据上文时态应选c项。16dall but“几乎，差不多”；nothing but“仅仅，只有”；no more“不再”；anything but“绝不，根本不”；根据题意应选d项。17b句意：“这两个电脑游戏你喜欢哪一个？说实话我两个都不喜欢。”either意为“两者之中任何一个”。因前面有didnt，所以为完全否定。18cunless“如果不”，后一句句意为：“但是如果它们不孵蛋或育雏，它们就不用巢。”19c句意：“他制作了许多影片，但几乎没有好的。”前面是肯定句，but后面应该是否定。因为but是转折连词。few“少数的，很少，几乎没有”是具有否定意义的词，故选c项。20acertainly not常用来回答别人问是否介意的问题；not at all和dont mention it用于别人致谢时的答语。只有never mind符合语境。句意：“对不起，我又出错了。没关系。多练习，你就会成