译林版高中英语选修8学案：例句精讲 Unit4　.doc

例句精讲1. joining us in the studio are isabel rose from the cannes film festival,.and xu li from the shanghai international film festival.来到我们节目现场的有来自戛纳电影节的伊莎贝尔罗斯还有来自上海国际电影节的徐立。【巧解句构】这是一个倒装句，正常语序应该是isabel rose.and xu li from the shanghai international film festival are joining us in the studio.当句子的主语太长时，为了保持句子结构平衡，往往使用倒装语序，将主语放在句子的后半部分。如：nearby was the house in which they had lived for more than twenty years.附近就是他们住了二十多年的那幢房子。【要点剖析】当句子的谓语是be, stand, sit, lie等动词，而句子主语部分较长时，位于句首会使整个句子比例失调，因此往往采用完全倒装形式，把表语部分提到句首。如：1)present at the meeting were professors from key universities and some government officials.出席会议的是来自重点大学的教授和一些政府官员。2)such was albert einstein, a simple man of great achievements.阿尔伯特爱因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个淳朴而又取得巨大成就的人。误区警示 因为这种倒装形式中主语在后面，需要注意句子的主谓一致问题。如：from the speakers in the buildings comes the fire alarm.从各个大楼的扩音器里传来火警的声音。2. considering the history of our festival, we feel it is important not to favour films from any one country.考虑到电影节的传统，我们觉得不偏爱任何一个国家的电影很重要。【巧解句构】1）句中considering the history of our festival引导的短语作原因状语。2）动词favour意思是“偏爱”。如：matt feels his parents favour his younger brother.马特觉得父母偏爱他的弟弟。【拓展延伸】1）considering prep. 就而论；考虑到；鉴于；现在分词形式用作介词，所以也称为分词介词，类似的还有：including包括；regarding 关于；concerning关于。如：considering hes only just started, he knows quite a lot about it.鉴于他才刚刚开始，他懂得的已经不少了。现在分词作状语常见功能如下：作原因状语：not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.因为没收到回信，他决定再写一封信。作结果状语his wife died in 1962, leaving him with three children.他妻子1962年死了，留给他三个孩子。作伴随或方式状语holding his head high, he walked past the pole.他昂着头，走过竹竿。作并列状语the train started at five, arriving (=and arrived) at beijing at twelve.火车五时开出，十二时到达北京。用于独立主格结构中weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow.如果天气允许，我们明天要出去郊游。2）favour v.较喜欢；偏爱；有助于；有利于；外貌像；长得像（父母或长辈）the warm climate favours many types of tropical plants.温暖的气候对各种热带植物生长有利。she definitely favours her father.她酷似她的父亲。3. harry has contradictory feelings about his new life. at first, he enjoys it, but later, he learns the confidential information that the schools evil wizard, voldemort, is the one who killed his parents.对于新生活，哈利有一种矛盾的心情。起初，他很喜欢新生活，但是后来，他知道了一个秘密，学校的邪恶巫师伏地魔就是杀死他父母的人。【巧解句构】句中“that the schools evil wizard, voldemort, is the one who killed his parents”是一个同位语从句，指代“the confidential information”的内容。【拓展延伸】同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的具体内容的。这些名词常见的有fact,news,hope,truth,idea,suggestion,thought,question,promise,order,story,problem,fear,belief,word,message,information,proof,announcement,desire,doubt,answer,proposal,advice,condition等。同位语从句功能：同位语从句跟在一个名词后，对其作进一步解释、说明（有时也会被其他词将它和名词分开）。如：i had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这儿。word came that they had arrived.有消息说他们已经到了。【辨析比较】同位语从句和定语从句的区别：a.从意义上讲，前者对名词加以补充说明，后者对名词进行修饰和限定。b.从结构上讲，前者由连接词引导，后者由关系词引导。c.从内涵上讲，前者所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系，后者所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。d.引导同位语的连词不可以省略，而引导定语从句的关系词作宾语时常可以省略。e.同位语从句说明的名词多为抽象名词，而定语从句则无此限制，常见的跟同位语从句的名词有news（消息），fact（事实），idea（主意），thought（想法），hope（希望），order（命令）等。如：the news that they won the match is true.他们比赛获胜的消息是真的。（同位语从句）the news that you told me yesterday is true.昨天你给我讲的消息是真的。（定语从句）the order when we should return hasnt reached us.我们什么时候返回的命令还未到。（同位语从句）the day when new china was founded will never be forgotten.新中国成立的那天永远不会被忘记。（定语从句）4. i think this is more to highlight the advanced special effects than to help the films plot.在我看来，这是为了更加突出电影高超的特效，而不是有助于表现电影的情节。【巧解句构】句中more.than.意思是“与其说，倒不如说”。如：he is famous more for his spirit than for his achievements.与其说他以成就闻名，倒不如说他以精神著称。【拓展延伸】1）more than 多于;不止，不仅仅the stone weighs more than ten tons.这块石头重达10吨多。bamboo is used for more than building.竹子不仅仅用于建筑。2）more than与名词、形容词、副词、动词、动名词或分词连用时，意为“不止是，非常，岂止”等。如：they are more than classmates. they are close friends.他们俩远不止是同学，他们是知心朋友。they were more than glad to help.他们是极其愿意帮忙的。she speaks english more than fluently.她的英语何止是流利，简直是相当地道。3）more than one+n.意为“不止一个”，虽在语意上为复数，但作主语时，谓语动词用单数。its no/not more than a mile to the sea.到海边的路程不超过一英里。more than one school has been closed.不止一家学校关门了。（反）less than少于（反）less/fewer adj.少的（原级）many/much adv.多（最高级）most adv.（合）moreover adv.此外；而且more or less差不多；几乎more is meant than meets the ear.言外之意。the more.the more.越越once more再一遍and what is more再者；而且more than a little非常more and more越来越no more than与一样不；不过；仅仅【辨析比