高二英语外研版必修五学案：Module 6 Section Ⅲ Grammar——复习定语从句.doc

section grammar复习定语从句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟1.on a freezing cold day in january 1994，jiesang suonandajie found what he was looking fora group of poachers who were killing the endangered tibetan antelope.2.in the battle which followed jiesang was shot and killed.3.often working at night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the babies，whose wool is not worth so much.4.the animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to india，where it is made into the shawls.5.sometimes there were gunfights，like the one in which jiesang suonandajie was killed.1.句1，句2和句5为限制性定语从句，关系词分别在句中作主语、主语和宾语。2.句3和句4为非限制性定语从句，关系词分别在句中作定语和状语。3.句2中的关系词which可以用that代替。4.句4中的关系词为where，如果用which代替可用in_which。语 法 精 要 点 拨一、引导定语从句的关系词1引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法 关系词指代对象在从句中所作成分关系代词who指人主、宾、表whom指人宾which指物主、宾、表that既指人又指物主、宾、表whose既指人又指物定as既指人又指物主、宾、表关系副词when指时间时间状语where指地点地点状语why指原因原因状语she is the girl who lives next door.她就是住在隔壁的女孩。shes the student whose handwriting is the best in my class.她就是我的班里书法最好的学生。as is known to us all，china is a developing country.众所周知，中国是个发展中国家。i still remember the days when we stayed in england.我仍然记得我们在英国的那些日子。名师点津当先行词是case，condition，situation，position，point，stage等表示抽象意义的名词时用关系副词where引导定语从句。they have reached the point where they have to separate from each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。2定语从句中关系词的选用 方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。the letter that/which i received yesterday was from my father.昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.这是我去年呆过的山村。方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词(where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作原因状语)。3that和which引导的定语从句的区别 用that不用which的情况先行词是all，much，few，little，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等不定代词时先行词被all，few，little，much，every，some，no等词修饰或被the only，the very，the same，the last等限定词修饰时先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或先行词被其修饰时先行词既指人又指物时主句是who或which等引导的特殊疑问句时用which不用that的情况在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that介词后边用which不用thatwe should do everything that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。this is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。i bought a great many books，on which i spent all my money that i saved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我积攒的所有的钱。即时训练1单句语法填空happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.do you know the reason why he was absent yesterday? as is often the case with children，amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.we live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.二、“介词关系代词”的用法1“介词关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。(1)根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。the poor man has no house in which he can live.那个穷人没房子住。(2)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。i dont know the reason for which he was late for school.我不知道他为何上学迟到。(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。this is the pilot by whom my son was saved.这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。2“介词关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom，不用that。ill never forget the day on which i joined the army.我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。do you know the man with whom mr.black talked just now?你认识刚和布莱克先生谈话的那个人吗？3关系副词where，when，why可替换成“介词which”，介词取决于先行词及介词which在从句中的作用。why只可替换for which。this is the house in which i lived two years ago.this is the house where i lived two years ago.这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。4“不定代词或数词介词which/whom”引导的定语从句说明整体中的部分。last week，only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it.上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。5“the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词”；可替换“whose名词”，引导定语从句。the house the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged has now been repaired.窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。即时训练2用“介词关系代词”合并句子he wrote a letter.in the letter he explained what had happened in the accident.he wrote a letter in_which he explained what had happened in the accident.our company has 2，000 workers.two thirds of them are women.our company has 2，000 workers，two_thirds_of_whom/of_whom_two_thirds are women.winter is the time of year.during this time the days are short and the nights are long.winter is the time of year，during_which the days are short and the nights are long. 三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意义的表达)和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作用，删掉后不影响整个句子意思的表达)不用逗号隔开一般用逗号隔开可用that、which/whom引导不可以用that引导，只能用which/whom只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰主句或主句的一部分he is the man who came to see you yesterday.他是昨天来看你的那个人。the sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.运动会推迟了，这让我们很吃惊。1as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事。位置较灵活，即可置于所修饰的句子前面，也可插在句子中或放在句子后，一般译为“正如，就像”。which引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事也可修饰先行词。定语从句只置于所修饰的句子后。as we all know，smoking is harmful to health.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。he finished the task ahead of time，which is very important to us.他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。2非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用逗号分开，并且不能加入and，but，so等连接词。并列句一般由and，but，or等词连接。he paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，most of which hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.he paid the boy $10 for washing the windows，and most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.he paid the boy $10 for washing the windows.most of them hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.即时训练3单句语法填空peter，whom you met in london，is now back in paris.the 12yearold boy won the gold medal，which came as a surprise to many people.i stay in a dormitory with three other girls，all of whom are kind and nice.as is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress.语 法 应 用 落 实.单句语法填空1as_is known to us all，time and tide wait for no man.2all the money that they had collected was given to the poor girl.3my sister，who lived in london when she was young，is a doctor now.4well put off the picnic until next week，when the weather may be better.5my friend john suddenly changed his mind，which made me very angry.6i made two friends in that school，both of whom were interested in astronomy.7is this the socalled reasonable reason why he refused o