代词it-one-that-用法.doc

代词one,it,that的用法区别1. one, it, that常常用来代替或避免重复某个名词。例如：Im looking for a flat. Id really like one with a garden.-Where did you find your watch? - I find it in our classroom.The population of China is larger than that of any other country.2.one可指人或物，只替代单数可数名词，复数用ones. One是泛指，但有限定修饰语，如the, this, that修饰就变成了特指。如：One must do ones duty. Mary has a red pencil and Jane has a blue one.The new designs are much better than the old ones.3. that只指物，不指人，可替代可数名词或不可数名词，具有“特指”性质。指的是同类事物中的另一样东西，即同类异物。如：The library of our school is bigger than that of yours.(that代替的是另一个图书馆。)4One 和that 在代替可数名词时，如果没有前置定语只有后置定语时， the one 和that可互换。但该名词如有前置定语，则只能用the one,而不能用that。例如：I will take the seat next to the one(=that)by the window.我就坐窗口的那个座位旁边。I prefer the large box to the small one.(one 不可用that替换 )。5That的复数形式those代替可数名词的复数。可指人或物，一般后面跟修饰语。如：Todays cellphones are smaller than those(=the ones)used in the past.The students who do best in exam are not always those(=the ones) with the best brains.6.the one(ones)或 that ,those 指代某一名词做定语从句的先行词时，其关系代词which在that之后，which不能省略，而在the one、ones 之后,which可省略。如：Their problem today is somewhat similar to that which they faced many years ago.7.代替不可数名词时，应该用that。如：The equipment is different from that.8.it代替上文所提到的名词时，是指同类事物中的同一样东西，即同类事物。如：I have lost my pen. Im looking for it.9.it和that可代替前面整个句子的意思，而one却不能；that可引导一个限定性定语从句，代替某个先行词（单复数名词均可），it和one则不能；it可代替不定式、动名词或从句，用作形式主语或形式宾语，也可用于强调句型中，而one和that则不能。如：-I will make bed for you. It is very kind of you.Jim said he had read my novel.But that was not possible.A clock is an instrument that tells time.The students that surf the Internet will be punished by the teacher.It is nice to see you again.It is no use calling her up.I found it impossible for me to pass the test.It was I who broke your window.(巩固练习)1-You are learning typing.The computer is very useful. -I hope to have a computer,but I cant afford to buy _.A.one B.it C.that D.this2.This computer is so expensive that I cannot afford to buy_ .Can you bring the price down a little. A.one B.that C.it D.this3.-Id like a book on English reading.-Is the book_you are looking for?A.one B.that C.the one D.which4.-His car runs much faster than my car.-That is because the engine in his car works far better than_ .A.your one B.yours C.that of yours D.your cars5.My shoes are the same as_you had on the day before yesterday. A.one B.ones C.that D.the ones6 .I was disappointed with the film, I had expected_to be much better. A.that B.this C.one D.it7.Mr Li gave the textbooks to all the pupils except_who had already taken them. A.these B.ones C.the ones D.the others8.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _ . A.it B.those C.them D.one9I hate_when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B.that C.these D.them10.-Why dont we take a little break?-Didnt we just have _?A.it B.that C.one D.this参考答案：1-5ACCCD 6-10DCDACone,that,it,the one用法解析1. itone that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物。I have lost my umbrella; Im looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella已经丢了）The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”）2. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于aan名词; that为特指, 相当于the 名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 aan some any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the this that。A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood(该句中one可以换成a chair）The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成 the water）3. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen）There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可数名词复数people）Marys handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词 handwriting）These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数 pictures）4. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。The one /That on the table is mine.（该句中The one代替事物,并且也可以用That）He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. （该句中the one代替人, 不能用that）He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones those that had the best color. （该句中the ones代替事物, 并且也可以用those）5. one一般有前置修饰语, 有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语, 但可有后置修饰语。Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors. The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.6. it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month. I found it hard to get on with her.7. it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容, 而one ones则不可以。He has saved my life; Ill never forget it. （it代替第一分句）Tom is painting his house. I am told he does it every four years. （it代替前面分句的部分内容painting his house）Lets say we meet here at three oclock. That ought to give you time to buy everything. （That代替前面表述的内容） 相关练习1. Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others2. I find _ easy enough to get on with Pam. A. that B. this C. one D. it3. If I can stop her coming to you, I shall do_. A. those B. which C. these D. it4. I havent a pen. Can you lend me_? A. these B. those C. them D. one5. _ is necessary that I get the text of my revision typed. A. There B. This C. That D. It6