高中英语被动语态用法详解.docx

高中英语被动语态用法详解（自己写的）今天整理了高中英语被动语态的相关知识。 1被动语态的使用注意事项1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 What will happen in 100 years？一百年里会发生什么事？The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 约65万年前恐龙灭绝。2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。This new book sells well. 这本新书卖的很好。3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。 例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一个女孩看到我的钱夹掉了当她经过的时候。The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。 He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 We cant laugh at him. He cant be laugh at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天都收听广播。The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.这护士在照顾这个虚弱的男人。2语法讲解：被动语态的用法1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday. 我们教室每天都被打扫。I am asked to study hard. 我被告知要努力学习。Knives are used for cutting things. 刀是用来切东西的。2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago. 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。 3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。Many more trees will be planted next year. 明年会种更多的树。4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。They are planting trees over there. Trees are being planted over there by them. 他们在那里种植的树木。5. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。6.过去进行时的被动语态构成：was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。7.过去完成时的被动语态构成：had + been + 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前，教室尚未打扫。The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电影院。8.将来完成时的被动语态构成：shall/will + have done They will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时，他们结婚将满20周年。The project will have been completed before May.该项目将在五月前完成。9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要经常浇水。Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你应该现在就改正你的错误。The door may be locked inside. 这扇门可以反锁。Your homework can be handed in tomorrow. 你的家庭作业可以明天交。3英语语态：怎样将被动语态转化为主动语态步骤：（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。（2）将动词改为be+过去分词。（3）将主动语态的主语改为be放在谓语动词后。注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。例Tom broke a glass. A glass was broken by Tom.注意事项：（1）主动句中的主语如果是复数形式含糊地表示人们、大家的单词，变为被动句时可以不用表示，但原主语被强调者除外。例They set up this hospital in 1975. This hospital was set up in 1975.（2）含有双宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。例He gave us the book.We were gave the book by him.The book was given by him.4英语语态：使用被动句时的注意事项1.不及物动词无被动语态。例.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这些动词主语以物居多，谓语动词一般表示主语的性质和特征。这类动词有许多，如write, break, selld，etc。3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。例make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do somethingsomebody +be +seen to do something4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。例 He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him.5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us.6.一些表示状态的动词没有被动语态,如have, belong to，etc。5语态 | 被动语态的相关语法概述一、被动语态概述 语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。 1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：3、含有情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如：Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）6语态 | 主动语态与被动语态的转换规则把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：1. 先找出谓语动词；2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布鲁斯每星期写一封信。2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。3. He has written two novels so far.Two novels have been written by him so far. 至今他已写了两部小说。4. They will