全新版大学英语_第二版_综合教程4_Unit1_电子教案.ppt

BR main AnEnglishSong NapoleonBonaparte WorldWarII MapReading BR AnEnglishSong main AnEnglishSong TheWreckoftheEdmundFitzgerald BackgroundoftheSong QuestionsabouttheSong BlankFilling BR 1 1 BackgroundoftheSong Thesongyouareabouttohearisbasedonatruestory IttellsthetaleofthesinkingofashipcalledTheEdmundFitzgeraldthatwascaughtinastormonLakeSuperiorbackinNovember1975 withthelossofallonboard LakeSuperiorisanenormouslakeandthewindcanattimesmakeitdangeroustoshipping whippinguphugewaves Novemberisaparticularlydangerousmonthforsuchstorms ThishadlongagobeennoticedbyalocalnativeAmericantribe theChippewa whousedtospeakofhowdeaththreatenedfromthelakewhenstorm BR 1 1 stormcloudsgatheredinNovember Accordingtolegend thebiglake whichtheycalledGitcheGumee waswithoutmercyinthatmonth nevergivingupthoseithadmarkedfordeath ItisthislegendthatstartsthesongbeforeitmovesontotalkofTheEdmundFitzgerald TheEdmundFitzgerald likemanyothershipsthatsailthelake wasbuilttocarryironore Filledwithoretheseshipslielowinthewaterandcanfindthemselvesindifficultiesinroughweather So withafullloadonboardwecanimaginetheanxietythatmusthavebeguntocreepintotheheartsofthesailorsonboardTheEdmundFitzgerald BR 1 1 astheyfeltthecoldwindbeginningtoriseandheardthesoundofitsingingasitblewthroughthewires For despitethefactthatthecaptainandcrewwereallexperienced well seasoned asthesongsays theyallknewthedangersofNovemberstorms Beforelongtheirworsefearsstartedtocometrueandthestormhadrisentoahurricane Thedespairofthecrewiscapturedinthewordsofthecook Firsthecomesondecktotellthesailorsitistooroughtocook theywillhavetowaitfortheirsupper Thenextwehearfromhimheissayinggoodbyetohisshipmates Waterispouringintotheship Thecaptainsendsoutadistresssignal butthatisthelastthatisheardfromtheship Itisswallowedupbythelake BR 1 1 leavingnothingbehindbutthemourningfamiliesofthetwenty ninesailorsandthesoundofthechurchbellringingintheirmemory Nowlet slistentothesong BR AnEnglishSong2 QuestionsabouttheSong Listentothesongandanswerthefollowingquestions IttookplaceonLakeSuperiorinNovember1975 1 Whereandwhendidthestormtakeplace BecausetheyknewthedangersofNovemberstormsandthestormhadrisentoahurricane 2 Whydidthecrewfeartheworst BR AnEnglishSong 3 BlankFilling ThelivesonfromtheChippewaondownOfthebiglaketheycallGitcheGumeeThelake itissaid neverherdeadWhentheskiesofNovemberturngloomyWithaloadofironorethousandtonsmoreThantheEdmundFitzgeraldweighedemptyThatgoodshipandtruewasabonetobechewedWhentheofNovembercameearlyTheshipwastheprideoftheAmericansideComingbackfromsomemillinWisconsinAsthebigfreightersgo itwasmost legend givesup twenty six gales biggerthan BR 2 3 WithacrewandgoodcaptainwellseasonedConcludingsometermswithsteelfirmsWhentheyleftfullyloadedforClevelandAndlaterthatnightwhentheship sbellrangCoulditbethey dbeenfeelingThewindinthewiresmadeatattle talesoundAndawavetherailingAndeverymanknew asthecaptaindidtooT wasthewitchofNovembercomestealingThecamelateandthebreakfasthadtowaitWhentheGalesofNovembercameslashingWhenafternooncameitwasfreezingrain acoupleof thenorthwind brokeover dawn BR 2 4 ahurricanewestwindWhensuppertimecame theoldcookcameondecksayingFellas it syaAtsevenPMamainhatchwaycavedin hesaidFellas it sbeengoodtoknowyaThecaptainwiredinhehadwatercominginAndthegoodshipandcrewwasAndlaterthatnightwhenhislightswentoutofsightCametheoftheEdmundFitzgeraldDoesanyoneknowwheretheloveofGodgoesWhenthewavesturntheThesearchersallsaythey dhavemadeWhitefishBay Inthefaceof tooroughtofeed inperil wreck minutestohours BR 2 4 Ifthey dputfifteenmoremilesbehindherTheymighthaveortheymighthavecapsizedTheymayhavebrokedeepandtookwaterAndallthatisthefacesandthenamesOfthewivesandthesonsandthedaughtersLakeHuronrolls SuperiorsingsIntheroomsofhermansionOldMichigansteamslikeayoungman sdreamsTheandbaysareforsportsmenAndfartherbelowLakeOntarioTakesinwhatLakeEriecansendher splitup remains icewater islands liveson BR 2 4 AndtheironboatsgoasthemarinersallknowWiththeGalesofrememberedInamustyinDetroittheyprayedIntheMaritimeSailors CathedralThechurchbellchimedtillitrangtwenty ninetimesForeachmanontheEdmundFitzgeraldThelegendfromtheChippewaondownOfthebiglaketheycallGitcheGumeeSuperior theysaid neverherdeadWhenthegalesofNovembercomeearly November oldhall givesup BR NapoleonBonaparte main NapoleonBonaparte ABriefIntroductiontoNapoleonBonaparte Napoleon sChronology TheBattleofWaterloo Napoleon sCampaign EmperoroftheFrench whoconsolidatedandinstitutionalizedmanyreformsoftheFrenchRevolution Oneofthegreatestmilitarycommandersofalltime heconqueredthelargerpartofEurope During1802 1815NapoleontriedtogaincontrolofthewholeofEurope HehadgreatsuccessagainstallhisenemiesexceptBritain whosenavyunderNelsondefeatedtheFrenchnavy navyattheBattleofTrafalgarin1805 andwhosearmyfoughtthePeninsularWaragainsthimfrom1808to1814 makinghimweakerinhisothercampaigns BR 3 1 ABriefIntroductiontoNapoleonBonaparte NapoleonBonaparte 1769 1821 BR 3 2 In1812NapoleonlosthalfamillionmenwhenheinvadedRussiainwinter andin1814theBritish Russians PrussiansandAustriansenteredParis TheysentNapoleontoruletheislandofElbaintheMediterranean buthecollectedanarmyaroundhimandreturnedtoParis Hewassoondefeatedagain attheBattleofWaterlooin1815 andwassenttotheislandofSt HelenainthesouthAtlantic wherehediedin1821 BR 3 1 1 pop1 FrenchRevolution BR 3 1 1 pop2 Nelson BR 3 1 1 pop3 TheBattleofTrafalgar BR 3 1 1 pop4 ThePeninsularWar BR 3 1 1 pop4 TheBattleofWaterloo BR 3 1 1 pop4 TheIslandofSt Helena BR 3 2 1 1 Napoleon sChronology Date Event August15 1769 BorninAjaccio Corsia April1796 Italiancampaignbegan May1798 Bonaparte sEgyptiancampaignbegan WaroftheSecondCoalition May June1800 Bonaparte ssecondItaliancampaign May1804 ReferendumproclaimedBonaparteashereditaryEmperor BR 3 2 1 2 Napoleon sChronology Date Event December2 1804 ThepopewasbroughttoParisforhiscoronationinNotreDame June1812 InvasionofRussia September7 1812 BattleofBorodino October1812 RetreatfromMoscowbegan January1814 AlliescrossedtheRhine BR 3 2 1 3 Date Event March31 1814 Parisfell April6 1814 Napoleonabdicated March20 1815 NapoleonescapedfromElbaandreturnedtoParis June18 1815 BattleofWaterloo May5 1821 NapoleondiedonSaintHelena BR 3 1 1 pop4 BR 3 1 1 pop4 BR 3 1 1 pop4 BR 3 1 1 pop4 BR 3 1 1 pop4 BR 3 1 1 pop4 BR 3 2 2 1 TheBattleofWaterloo TheBattleofWaterlooisthefinalanddecisiveactionoftheNapoleonicWars whicheffectivelyendedFrenchdominationoftheEuropeancontinentandbroughtaboutdrasticchangesinthepoliticalboundariesandthepowerbalanceofEurope FoughtonJune18 1815 nearWaterloo inwhatisnowBelgium thebattleranksasagreatturningpointinmodernhistory BR 3 2 2 1 TheBattleofWaterloo BR 3 2 2 2 Napoleon sCampaign Whilealliesinname FranceandRussiawereneverrealfriends Russia seconomywasbeinghurtbyNapoleonBonaparte sContinentalSystemthatbannedtradewithBritainandinternalpressuresforcedTsarAlexandertoturnablindeyetothosewhobrokeit BonapartedecidedtobringtheRussiansbackintolineandgatheredaGrandArmyofmorethan500 000men includingcontingentsfromallFrance sallies tofrightenthem BonaparteleftthearmyonDecember5toreturntoPariswhereacouphadbeenfoiledandtoraiseanotherarmy HistroopsdraggedthemselvesonandonDecember7finallycrossedtheNiemenoutofRussianterritory Theyhadsurvived butonly20 000ofthem BR 3 2 2 3 BR WorldWarII main WorldWarII JosephStalin ChronologyoftheWar ABriefIntroductiontotheWar AdolfHitler SiegeofLeningrad BattleofStalingrad ABriefIntroductiontoAdolfHitler Hitler sChronology BR ChronologyoftheWar ChronologyoftheWar Date Event April 1940 DenmarkandNorwaywereconquered June22 1941 Hitlerlaunchedhislong termattackontheSovietUnion September1 1939 TheSecondWorldWarinEuropestartedwithGermanarmiespouringacrossthePolishfrontier May10 1940 Hitler stroopsdroveintoFranceandwithinthefollowingsixweeks Holland BelgiumandLuxembourghadsurrenderedashadFrance BR 3 3 1 Date Event September 1942 February 1943 AdecisivebattlewasfoughtatStalingrad whichwastheturningpointofthewar December 1941 TheU S A enteredthewarafterJapaneseplanesbombedtheAmericannavalbaseatPearlHarbor June6 1944 American BritishandCanadianforceslandedinNormandyandopenedthesecondfrontinEurope May2 1945 TheSovietarmytookBerlin May7 1945 Germanysurrendered BR 3 3 1 BR 3 3 2 BR 3 3 3 BR 3 3 4 BR 3 3 5 BR 3 3 6 BR 3 3 7 BR 3 3 8 BR 3 3 9 BR 3 ABriefIntroductiontotheWar ABriefIntroductiontotheWar BR 3 4 1 ABriefIntroductiontoAdolfHitler BR 3 4 1 AdolfHitler 1889 1945 Germanpoliticalandmilitaryleaderandoneofthe20thcentury smostpowerfuldictators HitlerconvertedGermanyintoafullymilitarizedsocietyandlaunchedWorldWarIIin1939 Hemadeanti SemitismakeystoneofhispropagandaandpoliciesandbuilttheNaziPartyintoamassmovement Hehopedtoconquertheentireworld andforatimedominatedmostofEuropeandmuchofNorthAfrica HeinstitutedsterilizationandeuthanasiameasurestoenforcehisideaofracialpurityamongtheGermanpeopleandslaughteredmillionsofJews SintiandRoma Gypsies Slavicpeoples andmanyothers allofwhomheconsideredinferior ABriefIntroductiontoAdolfHitler BR 3 Hitler sChronology Hitler sChronology Date Event 1914 1918 VolunteerinGermanArmy Wounded gassed anddecorated November11 1923 ArrestedforleadingtheMunichBeerHallputsch coup againsttheGermannationalgovernment April23 1889 BorninBraunau upperAustria sonofacustomsofficial September1919 JoinedGermanWorkers Party whichhereorganizedastheNationalSocialistGermanWorkers Nazi Party BR 3 Hitler sChronology Date Event August19 1934 FollowingthedeathofPaulvonHindenburg Hitlerassumedpresidencywhilemaintaininghisothertitleaschancellor September1 1939 InvadedPoland provokingBritainandFrancetodeclarewaronGermanytwodayslater January30 1933 AppointedchancellorafterNaziswonone thirdofvotes March7 1936 SenttroopsintotheRhinelandinviolationoftreatiesofVersaillesandLocamo April30 1945 CommittedsuicideinBerlinbunker BR 3 3 1 BR 3 3 2 BR 3 3 3 BR 3 SiegeofLeningrad SiegeofLeningrad BR 3 SiegeofLeningrad Alsoknownasthe900 DaySiege blockadebyGermanforcesoftheUSSR ssecondlargestcityduringWorldWarII fromSeptember1941toJanuary1944 ThetotaldestructionofLeningradwasoneofAdolfHitler smajorobjectivesinhisRussiancampaignandhadbeenspecificallymentionedintheBarbarossadirectiveofDecember18 1940 TheNazileaderhaddescribedthecityasacenterofJewish Bolshevikintelligentsia TherewastobenoplaceforLeningradintheNazi NewOrder SiegeofLeningrad BR BattleofStalingrad BattleofStalingrad BR 4 1 BattleofStalingrad 1942 43 UnsuccessfulGermanassaultontheSovietcityinWorldWarII GermanforcesinvadedtheSovietUnionin1941andhadadvancedtothesuburbsofStalingrad nowVolgograd bythesummerof1942 MetbyadeterminedRedArmydefensecommandedbyVasilyChuikov theyreachedthecity scentreafterfiercestreetfighting InNovembertheSovietscounterattackedandencircledtheGermanarmyledbyFriedrichPaulus whosurrenderedinFebruary1943with91 000troops TheAxisforces Germans Romanians Italians andHungarians suffered800 000deaths inexcessof1 000 000Sovietsoldiersdied ThebattlemarkedthefarthestextentoftheGermanadvanceintotheSovietUnion BattleofStalingrad BR 4 1 NorthernCalifornia JosephStalin 1879 1953 GeneralsecretaryoftheCommunistPartyoftheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics USSR 1922 1953 andchairmanoftheCouncilofMinistersoftheUSSR 1941 1953 UnderhisleadershiptheUSSRwasbuiltintoamoderneconomicandmilitarypowerthatrepelledHitler sarmiesinWorldWarIIandrivaledtheUnitedStatesduringtheColdWarperiod JosephStalin BR 4 1 JosephStalin1 BR 4 1 JosephStalin2 JosephStalin 1879 1953 GeneralsecretaryoftheCommunistPartyoftheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublics USSR 1922 1953 andchairmanoftheCouncilofMinistersoftheUSSR 1941 1953 UnderhisleadershiptheUSSRwasbuiltintoamoderneconomicandmilitarypowerthatrepelledHitler sarmiesinWorldWarIIandrivaledtheUnitedStatesduringtheColdWarperiod JosephStalin BR MapReading MapReading Readthefollowingmapsandanswerthefollowingquestions 1 Napoleon sRussianCampaign 18121 Findthefollowingplacenames Moscow Borodino andNemanRiver 2 WhathappenedinBorodino Clickheretoseethemap 2Hitler sRussianCampaign 1941 19441 WhendidtheHitler sRussianCampaignhappen 2 HowlongwasLeningradbeingbesieged Clickheretoseethemap BR 4 2 Napoleon sRussianCampaign 1 Findthefollowingplacenames Moscow Borodino andNemanRiver 2 WhathappenedinBorodino BR 4 3 Hitler sRussianCampaign 1 WhendidtheHitler sRussianCampaignhappen 2 HowlongwasLeningradbeingbesieged GR main PartDivisionoftheText FurtherUnderstanding GR FurtherUnderstanding main FurtherUnderstanding TrueorFalse QuestionsandAnswers TextAnalysis GR PartDivisionoftheText1 PartDivisionoftheText Parts Para s MainIdeas 2 1 1 12 Introduction BothNapoleon sandHitler smilitarycampaignsfailedbecauseoftheseverityoftheRussianwinter 13 62 Napoleon smilitarycampaignagainstRussia GR PartDivisionoftheText2 Parts Para s MainIdeas 3 63 113 Hitler smilitarycampaignagainsttheSovietUnion 4 114 117 Conclusion Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign 2 NapoleonandhistroopsgainedthequickvictoryinRussiaastheyhadexpected GR 2 2 1 TrueorFalse F ToNapoleon ssurprise theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight Theyretreatedeastward burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent 1 Theicydefender referstotheRussianriver F Theicydefender referstothebleakRussianwinter 4 HitlerbegananinvasionoftheSovietUnionthatwasthelargestmilitarylandcampaigninhistory 3 Napoleondidn tcapturethecapitalofRussia GR 2 2 2 T F NapoleoncapturedthecapitalofRussia Moscow 5 Germantroopsadoptedscorch earthpolicywhentheyenteredRussia F StalininstructedtheRussianpeopletoburnanddestroyfarmsandfactories 6 HitlerfailedtocaptureMoscowbecauseofthestrongresistancefromRussianpeople GR 2 2 2 F HitlerfailedtocaptureMoscowbecauseoftheseverewinterinRussia GR 2 4 QuestionsandAnswers 1 WhathappenedtoNapoleon sGrandArmywhenitwasretreatingfromMoscow TheRussianslaunchedhit and runattacksontheFrenchfromfieldsandforests Ontheotherhand thetemperaturedroppedtominus4degreesCelsiusandNapoleon sarmydidn thaveenoughclothes foodandshelter 2 Whydidn ttheRussianpeopledefendtheirhomelandinthefaceofNapoleon soffensive Theywouldliketotakeadvantageoftheirnaturesituationtofightforthem GR 2 4 QuestionsandAnswers 3 WhattacticsdidHitleruseinhisinvasionoftheSovietUnion Heplannedtousethetacticscalledblitzkrieg or lightningwar whichhaddefeatedtherestofEurope 4 WhatwasthesignificanceofthebattleofStalingrad Itwasoneofthemostimportantbattles ItendedGermany songoingoffensiveagainsttheSovietUnion andalongwiththesecondBattleofElAlameinpavedthewayforNaziGermany seventualdefeat GR 2 4 QuestionsandAnswers 5 WhatconclusiondoestheauthordrawfromNapoleon sandHitler smilitarycampaigns Theelementsofnaturemustbereckonedwithinanymilitarycampaign GR 2 4 Strengthofinvadingforce Startingtimeofinvasion Startofwar Countryinvaded Invadingcountry AComparison and ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions TextAnalysis France Germany SovietUnion Russia Napoleon Hitler Spring 1812 6 22 1941 600 000 thelargestlandcampaigninhistory Prediction quickvictory conquestofRussiain5weeks Blitzkrieg lightningwar lastingnolongerthan3months GR 2 4 TextAnalysis Truceoffer Majorbattles CaptureoftheRussiancapital Initialresistancestrategy refusingtostandandfight retreatingeastwards burningcropsandhomes scorchtheearth fiercefighttodefendmajorcities yes no Smolensk Borodino theBerezinaRiver Leningrad Stalingrad byNapoleon rejectedbytheCzar no GR 2 4 TextAnalysis AComparison and ContrastAnalysisoftheTwoInvasions Napoleonabdicatedandwentintoexile hisempireatanend Biggestenemyfortheinvadingforce Turningpoint Fateoftheinvadingforce War provoker sfate snow freezingtemperature heavyrain GeneralMud snow freezingtemperature October1812whenNapoleonorderedaretreat 1943 whentheSoviettroopspushedtheGermanforcesback only100 000survived heavylosses Hitlercommittedsuicide hisempirecollapsing DR Text1 FightingwiththeForcesofNature In1812 NapoleonBonaparte EmperoroftheFrench ledhisGrandArmyintoRussia HewaspreparedforthefierceresistanceoftheRussianpeopledefendingtheirhomeland HewaspreparedforthelongmarchacrossRussiansoiltoMoscow thecapitalcity ButhewasnotpreparedforthedevastatingenemythatmethiminMoscow theraw bitter bleakRussianwinter In1941 AdolfHitler leaderofNaziGermany launchedanattackagainsttheSovietUnion asRussiathenwascalled Hitler smilitarymightwasunequaled DR Text2 HiswarmachinehadmoweddownresistanceinmostofEurope Hitlerexpectedashortcampaignbut likeNapoleonbeforehim wastaughtapainfullesson TheRussianwinteragaincametotheaidoftheSovietsoldiers Napoleon sCampaignInthespringof1812 NapoleonassembledanarmyofsixhundredthousandmenonthebordersofRussia Thesoldierswerewelltrained efficient andwellequipped ThismilitaryforcewascalledtheGrandArmy Napoleon confidentofaquickvictory predictedtheconquestofRussiainfiveweeks DR Text3 Shortlyafterwards Napoleon sarmycrossedtheNemanRiverintoRussia Thequick decisivevictorythatNapoleonexpectedneverhappened Tohissurprise theRussiansrefusedtostandandfight Instead theyretreatedeastward burningtheircropsandhomesastheywent TheGrandArmyfollowed butitsadvancemarchsoonbecameboggeddownbyslow movingsupplylines InAugust theFrenchandRussianarmiesengagedatSmolensk inabattlethatleftovertenthousanddeadoneachside Yet theRussianswereagainabletoretreatfartherintoRussianterritory Napoleonhadwonnodecisivevictory DR Text4 Hewasnowfacedwithacrucialdecision ShouldhecontinuetopursuetheRussianarmy OrshouldhekeephisarmyinSmolenskfortheapproachingwinter NapoleontookthegambleofpressingontoMoscow 448kilometersaway OnSeptember7 1812 theFrenchandRussianarmiesmetinafiercebattleatBorodino 112kilometerswestofMoscow Bynightfall thirtythousandFrenchandforty fourthousandRussianslaydeadorwoundedonthebattlefield DR Text5 Again theRussianarmyretreatedtosafety NapoleonhadaclearpathtoMoscow buttheoccupationofthecitybecameanemptyvictory TheRussiansfledtheircapital SoonaftertheFrencharrived aragingfiredestroyedtwo thirdsofthecity NapoleonofferedatrucetoAlexanderI buttheRussianczarknewhecouldbidehistime WeshalllettheRussianwinterfightthewarforus DR Text6 Napoleonsoonrealizedhecouldnotfeed clothe andquarterhisarmyinMoscowduringthewinter InOctober1812 heorderedhisGrandArmytoretreatfromMoscow TheFrenchretreatturnedintoanightmare Fromfieldsandforests theRussianslaun