学人教版必修二Unit 2English Around P3 Learning about Language 学案（15页）.doc

2018学年度人教版必修二unit 2english around the world learning about language 【单元基础词汇句式搜索】.句型转换(变为间接引语)1the teacher said to me, “come in.”the teacher told _me_to_go_in_.2the teacher said to me, “dont be late again.”the teacher advised _me_not_to_be_late_again_.3peter said，“ what a fine day it is！”peter said _what_a_fine_day_it_was_./peter said _how_fine_the_day_was_.4“lets go to the country for a picnic，” peter said to me.peter advised me _to_go_to_the_country_for_a_picnic_with_him_.5“give me a hand, please，” she said to the boy.she asked the boy _to_give_her_a_hand_.6he said to her，“if the boy refuses to help，tell his father.”he advised her _to_tell_the_boys_father_if_he_refused_to_help_.7the shop assistant said to me, “can i help you？”the shop assistant asked me _whether_he/she_could_help_me.8“relax，please，” the doctor said to the young mother.the doctor asked _the_young_mother_to_relax_.单句语法填空1the manager told her _to_remember_(remember) to post the letters by 3：00 in the afternoon.解析：句意：经理告诉她记着把信在下午3点之前寄出去。tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事；remember to do sth.记着去做某事。2she told him not _to_smoke_(smoke) in the room.解析：句意：她告诉他不要在屋里吸烟。如果直接引语为否定的祈使句，在变为间接引语时，可使用ask/tell/order sb.not to do sth.这一结构进行转换。3the general _ordered_(order) his men to fire the moment the enemy appeared.解析：句意：敌人刚一出现，将军就命令他的战士开火。order sb.to do sth.“命令某人做某事”，符合句意。4my grandmother was fond of the song, so she asked me _to_play_(play) that again.解析：句意：我的祖母喜欢那首歌，因此她要求我再把它放一遍。ask/tell sb.to do sth.意为“告知/要求某人做某事”。5they suggested us _trying_(try) another kind of sports.解析：句意：他们建议我们尝试另一种运动。suggest sb./sb.s doing sth.建议某人做某事。6the head teacher clearly told the boy student not _to_take_(take) the cellphone to school.解析：句意：校长明确地告诉那个男生不要把手机带到学校。tell sb.not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。.完成句子1the teacher told the students _to_set_down_these_points_.老师告诉学生记下这些要点。2she asked him _to_put_his_coat_ in the closet.她要他把大衣放在衣橱里。3the father told his children _not_to_move_.父亲告诉孩子们不要动。4mother ordered her children _to_stop_quarrelling_.妈妈命令孩子们停止争吵。5the owner advised _the_workers_to_take_a_rest_.主人建议工人们休息一下。6wang wei suggested her cousins _taking_a_bicycle_trip_with_her_.王薇建议她的堂兄弟和她一起进行自行车旅行。7the neighbour asked him _not_to_let_his_dog_bark_ during the night.邻居要求他不要让他的狗在晚上叫。8she begged her father _to_forgive_her_.她请求她的父亲原谅她。9the wife reminded the husband _not_to_forget_to_mail_ the letter.妻子提醒丈夫不要忘了寄信。10the mother warned her child _not_to_get_too_close_to_the_water_.妈妈告诫孩子不要太靠近水。【二】单元知识高考试题链接the norwegian government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. a new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. but the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the government will be able to hold things back for long. as on norwegian politician said last week: “we will soon be changed beyond all recognition.”ever since the war, the government has been carrying out a programme of development in the area north of the arctic circle. during the past few years this programme has had a great deal of success: tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. but the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins.the effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. with nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad.the real argument over oil is its threat to the norwegian way of life. farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially norwegian. and it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea.1.the norwegian government would prefer the oil industry toa provide more jobs for foreign workers.slow down the rate of its development.c sell the oil it is producing abroad.d develop more quickly than at present.2.the norwegian government has tried toa encourage the oil companies to discover new oil sources.prevent oil companies employing people from northern norway.c help the oil companies solve many of their problems.d keep the oil industry to something near its present size.3.according to the passage, the oil industry might lead northern norway toa the development of industry.a growth in population.c the failure of the development programme.d the development of new towns.4.in the south, one effect to the development of the oil industry might bea a large reduction on unemployment.a growth in the tourist industry.c a reduction in the number of existing industries.d the development of a number of service industries.5.norwegian farmers and fishermen have an important influence becausea they form such a large part of norwegian ideal.their lives and values represent the norwegian ideal.c their work is so useful to the rest of norwegian society.d they regard oil as a threat to the norwegian way of life.vocabulary1.norwegian 挪威的；挪威人2.coastline 海岸线3.recognition 承认；认识；赞赏4.countryside 乡下；乡民难句译注1.a new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers.【结构简析】用两个分号连接三句句子。【参考译文】一条新的法律限制人们仅在长长的海岸线南端以南地区进行勘探考察；规定了石油生产限量（虽然已提高）；石油公司雇佣外国工人不许超出限定额。2.with nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry.【参考译文】由于将近百分之一百就业率，每个人都能看出形式发展中服务行业和旅游行业的大部分工人会跑到石油工业方面去。3.farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially norwegian.【结构简析】复合句。在because状语从句中that是定语从句修饰qualities。【参考译文】虽然农民和渔民并不占人口的绝大多数，可是他们都是人口的重要组成不分，因为挪威人在他们身上看到许多他们自豪地认为是挪威人的基本品质。写作方法与文章大意文章论述“挪威政府意欲控制石油工业”。采用对比写法。先提出政府新政策的种种限制。但石油工业有办法对付。人们都认为限制难以长久。其次讲述，从战时起，挪威政府一直执行开发北极圈北部地区的发展规划，也取得成功。但石油工业已经开始向南方进军，北方政策可能会失败。石油工业之影响超出北方，有些企业缩小，减少。最后一段是讲争论的焦点：石油对挪威生活方式构成了威胁，具体表现在对挪威理想的代表渔民和农民的威胁。答案详解1.b 减慢发展速率。文章开始就阐明挪威政府正竭尽全力把石油工业控制起来，制定新法律来限制勘探开采，限制产量，限制雇佣外国工人人数。a. 为外国工人提供更多的工作。c.卖掉正在国外生产的石油。d.比现在发展更快。2.d 使石油工业保持在接近现在的规模。a. 鼓励石油公司去发现新石油资源。b.制止石油公司雇佣来自挪威北方的人。c.帮助石油公司解决许多问题。3.c 发展规划的失败。这在第二段最后一句：“可是石油工业已经开始把人们吸引到南方去，所以不出几年，整个北方政策可能成泡影。”a.工业发展。b.人口增长。d.新城市的发展。文内没有涉及。4.c 现存工业数的减少。第三段开始“可是石油工业的影响并不仅仅限于北方。近百分之一百的就业率，使每个人都见到发展的势头，服务业和旅游业的好多工人转向石油工业。某些较小的工业，在从国外购进货物更便宜的情况下，很可能会全部消失。”这说明工业数减少。a.大大减少失业。b.旅游行业增长。d.许多服务公司发展。文内没有提。5.b 他们的生活和价值代表了挪威人的理想。a.他们组成了那么大一部分挪威理想。c.他们的工作对挪威社会的其他方面非常有用。d.他们认为石油是对挪威生活方式的威胁。最后一段第一句话：“对石油真正的争论点是它对挪威生活方式的一种威胁。”并不是他们认为威胁。英语阅读理解荟萃（中级篇）passage one (violence can do nothing to diminish race prejudice)in some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. there are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. what is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. we may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. the whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. we have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. the sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. no solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.the truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder to get a hearing. they are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. if half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living-standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. in a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. the benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. and to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. talk, talk, talk, the advocates of violence say, all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser. its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. after listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. possible, my lord, the barrister replied, none the wiser, but surely far better informed. knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1.what is the best title for this passage?a advocating violence.violence can do nothing to diminish race prejudice.c important people on both sides see violence as a legitimate solution.d the instincts of human race are thirsty for violence.2.recorded history has taught usa violence never solves anything.nothing.c the bloodshed means nothing.d everything.3.it can be inferred that truly reasonable mena cant get a hearing.are looked down upon.c are persecuted.d have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.4.“he was none the wiser” means a he was not at all wise in listening.he was not at all wiser than nothing before.c he gains nothing after listening.d he makes no sense of the argument.5.according the author the best way to solve race prejudice is a law enforcement.knowledge.c nonviolence.d mopping up the violent mess.vocabulary1.acute 严重的，剧烈的，敏锐的2.loot v.抢劫，掠夺；n.赃物3.pillage v.抢劫，掠夺4.crunch v.吱嘎吱嘎咬或嚼某物；n.碎裂声when it comes to the crunch = if/when the decisive moment comes. 当关键时刻来到时。5.war-paint 出战前涂于身上的颜料。（美印第安战士用）6.come to light = become known 显露，为人所知7.sap 剥削，使伤元气，破坏i was sapped by months of hospital treatment. 我住院治疗几个月，大伤元气。8.mop up 擦去，对付，处理9.wake 船迹，航迹in the wake of sth. = come after 随某事之后到来。难句译注1.what is really frightening, what really fills you with despair is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all.【结构简析】when it comes to the crunch = when / if the decisive moment comes.当关键时刻来到时。【参考译文】真正令人可怖的，令人绝望的是，在关键时刻，人们意识到我们一点儿也没有进步/前进。2.our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake.【结构简析】in the wake of 在之后。【参考译文】由于我们不得不清理掉暴力之后所留下的烂摊子，我们的力量因此削弱了。3.after listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.【结构简析】none + the + 比较级。固定用法，义：not at all 一点儿也不。ex: after the treatment, he is none the better.治疗后，他并没有因此见好，（一点儿也不见好）。【参考译文】听了律师的长篇解释，法官抱怨说他一无所获，并不因此变得聪明些。4. knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom.【参考译文】知识是智慧的必要的先决条件。结合上下文这里意思是：了解情况是解决问题的先决条件。句子后面的解释：知识是指了解它欲以解决暴力制造的恶行。写作方法与文章大意作者主要以对比的手法写出了暴力是有些国家用以解决种族差异的公认方法，这是人本性没有进步的表现，真正理智的人提出了法制才是解决问题的唯一途径，而这些人遭人轻视、迫害。作者指出如果我们把使用暴力的一半精力放在消除贫民窟，改善生活水平，提供教育和就业，清除暴力造成的后果，也就是通过对它以法治理是能真正解决种族问题的。尽管这些暴力者采取充耳不闻的态度。答案详解1.b 暴力难以消除种族偏见。文章一开始就提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法。白人采用暴力镇压，黑人以防火、掠抢为反抗。而双方的大人物平静地论及暴力，似乎这是一种合法的解决方案。作者就此指出人类的进步只在于表面衣饰等，人类的本能没有改变。整个有记录历史的文件没有教会人类任何东西。这是真正令人可怕的事件。第二段论及真正有理智的懂得解决方案所在的人鼓吹法制，人们不停。他们反而收到轻视、迫害。作者就此提出假设，答出真正的解决方案嗜法制，以法治理。第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，即使暴力者不同意，但知道暴力制造它假装要解决的罪恶，是智慧聪明的必要前提。a.鼓吹暴力。c.双方重要人物都把暴力作为合法的解决方案。d. 人类的本性是嗜暴性。2.b没有什么。第一段中就明确提出整个人类有记录历史又长又臭的暴力文件记录，一点都没有教给我们任何东西。a.暴力解决不了任何事情。c.杀戮（流血）没有任何意义。d.一切。3.d在鼓吹法制方面有困难。答案在第二段，真正有理智的人鼓吹法制，遭到同类们的轻视、不信任和迫害。他们发现要人倾听他们的意见越来越困难。a.人们不听。b.遭人轻视。c.遭人迫害。这三项都包含在d项内。4.c听后无所得。none the wiser一点也不比以前聪明（这是按字面翻译）。实际就是c项。a.在倾听别人上他一点也不聪明。b.他和以前一个样。d.他听不懂论点。5.a法制。第二段最后一句，如果我们在法律的构架中进行工作，真正的持久的解决总是能实现的。第二段第二句，他们遭到迫害是因为他们鼓吹法制这种显然令人不能容忍的事。b.知识。c.非暴力。d.处理暴力带来的混乱。passage two (the tourist trade contributes absolutely nothing to increasing understanding between nations) the tourist trade is booming. with all this coming and going, youd expect greater understanding to develop between the nations of the world. not a bit of it! superb systems of communication by air, sea and land make it possible for us to visit each others countries at a moderate cost. what was once the grand tour, reserved for only the very rich, is now within everybodys grasp? the package tour and chartered flights are not to be sneered at. modern travelers enjoy a level of comfort which the lords and ladies on grand tours in the old days couldnt have dreamed of. but whats the sense of this mass exchange of populations if the nations of the world remain basically ignorant of each other? many tourist organizations are directly responsible for this state of affairs. they deliberately set out to protect their clients from too much contact with the local population. the modern tourist leads a cosseted, sheltered life. he lives at international hotels, where he eats his international food and sips his international drink while he gazes at the natives from a distance. conducted tours to places of interest are carefully censored. the tourist is allowed to see only what the organizers want him to see and no more. a strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own; and anyway, language is always a barrier, so he is only too happy to be protected in this way. at its very worst, this leads to a new and hideous kind of colonization. the summer quarters of the inhabitants of the cite universitaire: are temporarily reestablished on the island of corfu. blackpool is recreated at torremolinos where the traveler goes not to eat paella, but fish and chips. the sad thing about this situation is that it leads to the persistence of national stereotypes. we dont see the people of other nations as they really are, but as we have been brought up to believe they are. you can test this for yourself. take five nationalities, say, french, german, english, american and italian. now in your mind, match them with these five adjectives: musical, amorous, cold, pedantic, native. far from providing us with any insight into the national characteristics of the peoples just mentioned, these adjectives actually act as barriers. so when you set out on your travels, the only characteristics you notice are those which confirm your preconceptions. you come away with the highly unoriginal and inaccurate impression that, say, anglo-saxons are hypocrites of that latin peoples shout a lot. you only have to make a few foreign friends to understand how absurd and harmful national stereotypes are. but how can you make foreign friends when the tourist trade does its best to prevent you? carried to an extreme, stereotypes can be positively dangerous. wild generalizations stir up racial hatred and blind us to the basic facthow trite it sounds! that all people are human. we are all similar to each other and at the same time all unique.1.the best title for this passage is a tourism contributes nothing to increasing understanding between nations.tourism is tiresome.c conducted tour is dull.d tourism really does something to ones country.2.what is the authors attitude toward tourism?a apprehensive.negative.c critical.d appreciative.3.which word in the following is the best to summarize latin people shout a lot?a silent.noisy.c lively.d active.4.the purpose of the authors criticism is to point outa conducted tour is disappointing.the way of touring should be changed.c when traveling, you notice characteristics which confirm preconception.d national stereotyp