外研版高中英语必修五课文预读学案 ：Module 5 Period Three (1).doc

period threegrammar & writing单元语法复习状语从句课文原句感知1.when he retired at the age of 26，he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world.2.but even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport，li ning retired with the feeling that he had failed.3.if you go into a school or university anywhere，the chances are you will see students in li ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.4.whenever chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 olympics，they will be wearing li ning tracksuits.5.the marathon is the final olympic event because it is thought to be the hardest.状语从句也称为副词性从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用，可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、比较状语从句等。本模块复习时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句。一、时间状语从句常用来引导时间状语从句的词有：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，until/till，as soon as，immediately，the moment等。1.when，while和as引导的时间状语从句(1)when“当时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同步发生，也可有先后；从句中的动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性动词。it was snowing when we got to the airport.我们到达机场时，天正下着雪。(同时发生)he went home when he had finished his homework.做完作业后他回家了。(先后发生)(2)while“与同时，在期间”，while引导的从句中动词常为延续性动词或表示状态的动词。please be quiet while im talking to you.我和你说话时，请保持安静。(3)as“当时”(at the same time)不指先后，指动作或事件同时发生，还可说明两种正在发展或变化的情况。we always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。as i get older，i get more optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更乐观。2.before和since引导的时间状语从句(1)若表达“还未就”“不到就”“才”“趁还来得及”时，需用连词before。 he had put the broken vase away before his mother came back.他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。(2)it will be时间段before sb. do/does.多久之后才。it will be 3 days before our manager signs the agreement.要过三天后经理才签那份协议。(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作。since从句的时态通常是一般过去时，主句的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。he has written to me frequently since i got sick.自从我病了以后，他经常给我写信。(4)在“it is时间段since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。it is half a year since she was in our class.她离开我们班有半年了。it is three years since he smoked.他戒烟有三年了。3.till/until引导的时间状语从句主句的谓语动词如果是延续性的，主句常用肯定形式，意为“一直到”，表示主句的动作一直持续到until所表示的时间为止；如果是非延续性的，主句常用否定形式，意为“直到才”。i waited till/until 9：00.我一直等到9点钟。(wait为延续性动作)i didnt go to bed until/till my father came back.我直到父亲回来才上床睡觉。(go to bed为非延续性动作)注意(1)在not.until.结构中，not until位于句首时主句用部分倒装。not until recently did i know what he had done.直到最近我才知道他所做的事。(2)在强调句中，强调until引导的时间状语时，常把not提前，构成it isnt/wasnt until.that.。it wasnt until 11 oclock that he returned home.直到11点他才回家。4.as soon as.，hardly.when.，no sooner.than.一就若把表示否定含义的副词hardly/no sooner等放在句首，它们所在的主句要部分倒装，且主句要用过去完成时态。hardly had he arrived when it began to rain.no sooner had he arrived than it began to rain.他刚到天就开始下雨了。5.表示“一就”的一些副词有：immediately，instantly，directly等。immediately the bell rang，the boys rushed out.铃一响，男孩子们就冲出去了。6.一些表示时间的名词词组，如the moment，each time，every time，the first time，the last time，next time，the minute，the instant等也可以用来引导时间状语从句，起连词的作用。every time he came，he would bring me good news.他每一次来，都会给我带来好消息。the first time i went to mount tai，i was very happy.第一次去泰山，我非常高兴。二、条件状语从句条件状语从句是由if，once，as/so long as，unless，on condition that，in case等引导的。在条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时，一般过去时表示过去将来时，现在完成时表示将来完成时。1.if和unless是最常用的条件状语从句连接词，unless在意义上等于if.not.，并且语气较强。if可用于虚拟条件句。you will improve your oral english if you keep on practising.如果你坚持练习的话，你将会提高你的英语口语。unless he studies hard，he will never pass the examination.他如果不努力学习，就永远不能考及格。2.in case后接一般现在时、一般过去时或包含should的从句，为主句的动作提供理由。dont go out tomorrow morning in case mr li should come to visit you.明天上午不要出去以防李先生来拜访你。三、让步状语从句让步状语从句由although(though)，as，even if/though，however，whatever，no matter who等词引导。1.although和though意义一样，意为“虽然，即使”，表示让步，一般可换用，只是although语气较重，大多置于句首。although/though引导让步状语从句时，主句中不可出现but。同时although不可当副词用，而though可以。they are generous though/although they are poor.虽然他们很穷，但他们很慷慨。2.whatever，however和no matter what/how这两种形式都可引导让步状语从句，意义无差别。whatever (no matter what) happens，we will not change our minds.无论发生什么事，我们都不会改变想法。however difficult (no matter how difficult) the work is，we will try our best to finish it in time.无论工作多么困难，我们都要尽全力及时完成。3.形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词as/though可引导让步状语从句，表示强调。young as/though he is，he knows a lot about life.尽管他很小，但他对生活懂得挺多。注意(1)as引导让步状语从句时，动词或现在分词放在句首，谓语要加助动词do，does，did或will等；作表语的单数可数名词置于句首时，其前不加冠词。hard as she tried，she failed to pass the exam.尽管她努力了，但还是没有通过考试。fail as he did，he would never give up.尽管失败了，他也绝不会放弃。intelligent student as he is，he doesnt study hard.尽管他是个聪明的学生，但他不努力学习。(2)though引导的从句也可像as引导的从句一样使用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。4.whether引导的让步状语从句whether you go or not，i will go to visit my teachers.不管你去不去，我都要去看望我的老师。5.while也可引导让步状语从句，突出对比主句和从句所表示的两种情况。一般要位于句首。while he is young，he is experienced.他虽然年轻，却有经验。.用适当的连词填空1.if you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.(2017北京)2.while/although/though birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.(2017北京)3.while/although/though some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.(2016江苏)4.my grandfather still plays tennis now and then，even though/if hes in his nineties.(2016北京)5.as the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.(2016天津)6.over time，as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016全国)7.when/if it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.(2016四川)8. once the damage is done，it will take many years for the farmland to recover.(2015北京)9.you wont find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.(2015北京)10.it is so cold that you cant go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.(2015江苏).单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1.my only mistake was that i dropped some on the floor i was packing them up.(2015陕西，短文改错)2. i was only a child when i studied in that classroom，i will never forget it.(2015浙江，短文改错)3.although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but 或 we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.(2014新课标全国，短文改错)4.in fact，he even scared my classmates away they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013新课标全国，短文改错)5.in the end，we drove to a service station and waited there the road was clear.(2012辽宁，短文改错)6. i am，i will always love you.(2012四川，短文改错)7.to deal with the problem，i think，we should first go all out to plant trees trees will help save water.(2012大纲全国，短文改错)8.following this explanation，there was a rapid drop in the number of reported sightings， the rate remained above the previous level.(2011辽宁，短文改错).句型转换1.no matter who you are，i wont open the door.whoever you are，i wont open the door.2.until you agree to do what we say，we will not have direct contacts with you.not until you agree to do what we say will we have direct contacts with you.3.the storm had no sooner started than all the lights went out.no sooner had the storm started than all the lights went out.4.he felt a thrill the very moment he got into the theatre.he felt a thrill as soon as he got into the theatre.5.although the girl is young，she is good at communicating with such a person.young as/though the girl is，she is good at communicating with such a person.完成句子6.自从他去了美国，我就没有收到他的来信。i havent heard from him since he went to the united states.7.我刚到办公室我妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。i had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.8.玛丽的妈妈不允许她去任何地方，除非有一个家庭成员一起。marys mother doesnt allow her to go anywhere unless another member of the family is along.9.虽然我理解你说的话，但是我不同意你的意见。while/although/though i understand what you say，i dont agree with you.10.他虽然很爱自己的女儿，但是他对她很是严格。much as/though he loves his daughter，he is strict with her.11.只要你不灰心，你会成功的。as long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed.12.他可以借这辆自行车，条件是明天必须归还。he can use the bicycle on condition (that) he returns it tomorrow.13.我一看到她就知道出问题了。immediately/the moment/as soon as i saw her，i knew there was something wrong.14.无论他来还是不来，我们都要按时开始会议。well start our meeting on time whether he comes or not.15.尽管历史不能被改变，必须学习教训来面对未来。lessons can be learned to face the future，although/though history cant be changed.语法填空(2018福建大田一中高二段考)dear mum and dad，i have to remind myself 16.constantly(constant) that i am taking up this prize and im really in the year of ad 3008.i suffered from “time lag” that i kept 17.getting(get) flashbacks from previous time period.we climbed in the capsule through a small opening.it was very comfortable.a few minutes later，the journey 18.was completed(complete) and we had arrived.at first the 19.surroundings(surround) were hard 20.to tolerate (tolerate).because of the lack 21.of fresh air，i got a headache，so i put on a mask.after a rest，i followed wang ping to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.these carriages floated above the ground and by bending or pressing down in the seat，we could move swiftly.wang ping showed me how to use it，but i lost sight of him 22.when we reached a place where many carriages flew by in all directions.later we arrived at a strange-looking house 23.which had a green wall made of trees.a table and some chairs could rise from under the floor by flashing a switch on a computer screen.i was 24.exhausted(exhaust) that night and fell 25.asleep(sleep) quickly.yours，li qiang单元写作writing a notice通知是一种安排活动、传达事情或布置工作时使用的应用文体，分为口头通知和书面通知。书面通知是以书面的形式表达通知的内容。要写清楚事由、时间、地点、活动内容等。 notice写在正文上方的正中间位置。发出通知的人或单位的名称，一般写在标题的上方或正文后面的右下角；发出通知的时间要写在正文的左下角，也可按书信格式写在正文的右上角。正文要写明所做事情的具体时间、地点、概括性内容(多为书面通知的首句)、出席对象及有关注意事项。通知的开头要交代清楚活动的内容、对象、时间和地点。必须注意句子之间的安排，使之符合逻辑，条理清晰。通知一般有以下几个写作步骤：第一步：明确是书面通知还是口头通知；第二步：具体阐述通知的内容(时间、地点、出席对象和事件)；第三步：提醒注意，要求参加。1.may i have/call your attention，please?2.attention，please，everybody!3.i have an announcement to make.4.there will be a talk this afternoon.5.the students union has decided that.6.we shall have a lecture on.7.well gather at the school gate at eight tomorrow.8.please be there on time and dont be late.9.i hope you can have a good time.10.thats all.thank you.(2018重庆彭水一中高二月考)假如你是校学生会主席。新年即将到来，为了帮助你校的外国留学生更好地了解中国文化，学生会将为他们举办一个新年晚会。请你根据以下提示，用英语向他们发出口头通知。时间：下周五晚上6：008：00地点：教学楼101室内容：1.唱中国歌；2.比赛用筷子；3.学习包饺子。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。写作要求是根据要求写一则通知，写作时应注意下面几点：1.确定文体：这是一篇应用文，写作中应注意通知的常规格式。2.主体时态：应以一般将来时为主。3.主体人称：主要是第三人称。联想词汇1.快到了around the corner/be approaching2.举行派对hold a party3.打算做be intended to do.4.理解have an understanding of.5.在方面擅长be skilled at.6.而且whats more/besides7.包饺子make dumplings句式升级1.随着新年的临近，我们要为你们举办一个派对。(1)as the new year is approaching/around the corner，we are going to hold a new year party for you.(运用状语从句)(2)with the new year approaching，we are going to hold a new year party for you.(运用with复合结构)2.在派对上，你不但可以唱中文歌，而且可以与别人比赛看看你多么擅长使用筷子。(1)during the party，you can sing a chinese song and will also compete with each other to see how skilled you are at using chopsticks.(运用并列句)(2)during the party，not only can you sing a chinese song，but you will also compete with each other to see how skilled you are at using chopsticks.(运用not only.but also.引起的倒装句)noticegood afternoon，everyone.may i have your attention，please?im the chairman of the students union.with the new year approaching，we are going to hold a new year party for you，which is intended to enable you to have a better understanding of chinese culture.during the party，not only can you sing a chinese song，but you will also compete with each other to see how skilled you are at using chopsticks.whats more，youll learn at the party how to make dumplings.sounds great，doesnt it? the party is scheduled in room 101 of the teaching building from 6：00 p.m.to 8：00 p.m.next friday.please make sure you wont miss it.thank you for your attention.students union.阅读理解a(2017广东培正中学高二月考)as the pace of life continues to increase，we are fast losing the art of relaxation.once you are in the habit of rushing through life，being on the go from morning till night，it is hard to slow down.but relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it.in fact，it is not the bad thing it is often supposed to be.a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life.it is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.the amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.some people are not afraid of stress，and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities.others lose heart at the first sign of unusual difficulties.when exposed to stress，in whatever form，we react both chemically and physically.in fact we make choice between “fight” or “flight” and in more primitive days the choice made the difference between life or death.the crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme，but however little the stress，it involves the same response.it is when such a reaction lasts long，through continued exposure to stress，that health becomes endangered.such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress.since we cannot remove stress from our lives (it would be unwise to do so even if we could)，we need to find ways to deal with it.1.people are finding less and less time for relaxing themselves because .a.they regard working as their greatest enjoymentb.they believe that work is superior to relaxationc.they are travelling fast all the timed.they are becoming busier with their work than ever before答案d解析细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，人们越来越没有时间放松是因为比以前更忙了。2.which of the following statements is true according to the passage?a.we can find quite a few ways to avoid stress.b.stress is always harmful to peoples health.c.it is easy to change the habit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.different people can withstand different amounts of stress.答案d解析细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句话“the amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual.”可知，不同的人对于压力的耐受力是不同的。故选d项。3.in the last sentence of the passage，the underlined part “do so” refers to “ ”.a.expose ourselves to stressb.find ways to deal with stressc.remove stress from our livesd.establish links between diseases and stress答案c解析词义猜测题。根据上文的“since we cannot remove stress from our lives.”可知，此处是指“把压力从生活中除去”。故选c项。4.according to the author，the right attitude toward stress is .a.to avoid itb.to try to overcome itc.to regard it as a vital motivationd.to find some relaxation答案b解析推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的“.we need to find ways to deal with it.”可知，作者认为我们应该想办法克服压力。b(2018河南商丘九校高二期中) rush hour traffic is a problem in many big cities around the world.commuters(上下班者) rush to and from their jobs in cars，buses，subways，trains，and even on bicycles.large cities in the united states have two rush hoursone in the morning and one in the evening.but in cities in other parts of the world，there are four rush hours.in athens and rome，for example，many workers go home for lunch and a nap.after this midday break，they rush back to their jobs and work for a few more hours.in tokyo，theres a big rush hour underground.most of the people in tokyo take the subways.the trains are very crowded.subway employees called packers wear white gloves and help pack the commuters into the trains when the doors close.they make sure that all purses，briefcases，clothes，and hands are inside the trains.in seoul，many commuters prefer to take taxis to get to work.to hail a cab，many people stand at crossroads and raise two fingers.this means theyll pay the cab driver double the usual fare.some people even raise three fingers! theyll pay three times the normal rate.streets in rome are very crowded with automobiles and mopeds(摩托自行车) during rush hours.the city cant make its streets wider，and it cant build new highways，because it doesnt want to disturb the many historic sites in the city，such as the forum and the coliseum.it took the city fifteen years to construct a new subway system.construction had to stop every time workers found old artifacts and discovered places of interest to archaeologists.in many big cities，there are special lanes on highways for carpools.these are groups of three or more people who drive to and from work together.they share the costs of gas and parking and take turns driving into the city.5.big cities have traffic problems during rush hours because there are .a.special lanes on highwaysb.many commutersc.four rush hoursd.many cars on the street答案b解析细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“rush hour traffic is a problem in many big cities around the world.commuters(上下班者) rush to and from their jobs in cars，buses，subways，trains，and even on bicycles.”可知答案为b。6.most of the commuters in tokyo .a.take subway trains to work b.are packers c.take taxis to work d.carry briefcases to work答案a解析细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“in tokyo，theres a big rush hour underground.most of the people in tokyo take the subways.”可知选a。7.the “hail a cab” in paragraph 3 means “ ”.a.pay double the normal fare b.try to get a cab c.prefer to take taxis d.stand at crossroads答案b解析词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“.many people stand at crossroads and raise two fingers.this means theyll pay the cab driver double the usual fare(很多人站在十字路口，举起两个手指头。意思是他们会付两倍的车费)”可知它的意思是打车。故选b。8.commuters in carpools probably .a.live in the cityb.take the subway to workc.save money on gas and parking feed.have special license plates(牌照)答案c解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“they share the costs of gas and parking and take turns driving into the city.”可知，拼车是为了节约油钱和停车费。故选c。.语法填空(2018江西宜