高考英语译林版必修三学案探究：Unit 1 Period Two Word版含答案.doc

period twoword power & grammar and usage.重点单词1reduce vt.& vi.减少2volunteer n志愿者；vi.& vt.自愿做，义务做3sniff vi.& vt.(吸着气)嗅，闻4analyse vt.分析5recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认recognition n认出；认识6puzzle n谜，疑问；vt.迷惑，使困惑puzzled adj.感到迷惑的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的7ignore vt.忽视；对不予理会8sweat vi.流汗；n.汗水sweater n运动衫；毛线衫.重点短语1in some cases在某些情况下，有时候2go hungry挨饿3be related to/be linked to与有关4be curious about对好奇的5make the most of充分利用6rather than而不是7make ones way back to sp.回某地8struggle through the snow冒雪行进9get close to接近，靠近10all of a sudden突然.重点句式1it is believed that.人们认为since it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses，volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.因为人们认为强烈的气味会影响感觉，所以志愿者们被要求在实验开始前八个小时内不吃不喝。2that指代“同类的单数或不可数名词”one explanation is that womens sense of smell is better developed than that of men，and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.种解释是女性的嗅觉比男性的发达，而且这和识别婴儿的体味有关系。重点词汇1in some cases，different parts of speech (usually a noun and a verb) have the same spelling but different meanings.在某些情况下，不同的词性(通常是名词和动词)有相同的拼写但不同的含义。in some cases在某些情况下，有时候in any case无论如何，总之in case在情况下，万一；免得，以防(万一)in case of在的情况下，万一in this/that case假使这样/那样的话in no case决不(置于句首，引起部分倒装)as is often the case (with.) 通常就是这样；是常有的事(1)larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move in case she injured her neck.拉里告诉她他已经把火扑灭，她应该待着不动以防伤着脖子。(2)please inform me in advance in case of any change.万一有什么变化，请提前通知我。(3)as is often the case with him，he was fined for speeding.他因超速而被罚款，这对他而言是常有的事。单项填空(4)people from the west like to use “please” and “thank you” in cases some people in asia may not think necessary.(2018泰州姜堰高一期中)athat；it bwhen；thatcwhere；it dwhat；/答案c解析分析句子，cases后是一个定语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导；第二空是think形式宾语itadj.，it不能省略。2poor people often have to go hungry because they cannot afford the increase.穷人经常得挨饿，因为他们负担不起这种增长。go hungry表示“挨饿”。go作连系动词，意为“变得”，后面多跟形容词作表语，指由好到坏的变化。其常用搭配有：go wrong/bad/mad/blind/deaf出毛病了/变坏/发疯/变瞎/变聋。(1)food goes bad easily in summer.夏天食物容易变质。(2)his face went red with anger.他气得满脸通红。(3)the washing machine went wrong last night.昨晚洗衣机出毛病了。单项填空(4)tonny，its too hot.put the fish in the fridge or it will bad.ok，mum.(2018泰州姜堰高一期中)ago bchangecbecome dkeep答案a解析句意为：托尼，天太热了。把鱼放到冰箱否则鱼就要变质了。好的，妈妈。 go bad变质。故选a项。3the possibility that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.好闻的气味会减弱疼痛的可能性在近期的新研究中得到了证实。reduce vt.& vi.减少，缩小(尺寸、数量、价格等)reduce.to.把减少到reduce.by.减少，缩小(程度) be reduced to.沦落为；迫使(1)one of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.减少压力最有效的方法之一是与你信任的人谈谈你的感受。(2)she reduced her weight by 6 kilos to 40 kilos.她把体重减到了40公斤，减轻了6公斤。(3)for some time he was reduced to begging.有一段时间他沦落到了乞讨的地步。单项填空(4)the cars give off a great deal of waste gas into the streets.yes.but im sure something must be done to air pollution.areduce bremoveccollect dincrease答案a解析句意为：汽车将大量废气排到街道上。是啊。但是我相信，必定要采取某些措施来减少空气污染。reduce减少，降低；remove搬动，移除；collect收集，搜集；increase增加，提高。结合句意可知a项正确。(5)the population of this city，forty percent of which ， 15% in the last three years.aare germans；has risen bybare germen；has fallen bycis german；have increased todis germans；has been reduced by答案a解析population常与定冠词the连用，作主语时，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式；当主语是表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”时，谓语动词用复数形式。german的复数形式为germans。reduce，rise等词后跟by表示变化幅度，后跟to表示达到的程度。故选a项。4.，volunteers were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.，志愿者们被要求在试验开始前八个小时内不吃不喝。(1)volunteer n志愿者；vt.& vi.自愿做，义务做volunteer sth.自愿提供，自愿给予volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事volunteer for自愿参加volunteer as/to be自愿成为(2)voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的(1)she volunteered some information.她主动提供了一些信息。(2)when she retired，she did a lot of voluntary work for the red cross.她退休后为红十字会做了大量的志愿工作。(3)two men volunteered to search for the missing climber.两个人自告奋勇地去寻找那位失踪的登山者。单项填空(4)last week，my kids along with other kids from the neighbourhood to help me wash my car.acommanded bcontributedcpreferred dvolunteered答案d解析句意为：上周，我的孩子们和邻居家的孩子们自愿帮我洗车。command要求；contribute贡献；prefer更喜欢；volunteer自愿。根据句意，故选d项。5one explanation is that womens sense of smell is better developed than that of men，and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.一种解释是女性的嗅觉比男性的发达，而且这和识别婴儿的体味有关系。(1)recognize vt.认识；辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认recognize.as/to be.承认/公认是 recognize that.认识到/承认 it is (generally) recognized that.人们公认 (2)recognition n认出；认识beyond recognition认不出来(1)i felt it honored that he still recognized me after all these years.过了这么多年他还认得我，使我觉得荣幸。(2)we recognized that kurt wasnt just trying to make a sale.我们认识到库尔特不仅仅是在做销售。(2016江苏)(3)it is recognized that jane is the most intelligent girl among us.jane is recognized as/to be the most intelligent girl among us.简是我们当中公认的最聪明的女孩。单项填空(4)oh，its you.i you.why are you looking so thin and pale?i have been ill for weeks and still under treatment.acant recognize bdidnt recognizechavent recognized dwasnt recognizing答案b解析句意为：是你呀，我都没认出来你，你怎么看起来这么瘦，脸色这么苍白？我病了好几周，现在还在治疗中。从its you这句中的谓语动词is，可知：我现在已经认出你来了，但刚才却几乎没有认出你来，故用过去时。recognize，realize，know，understand等表示心理的动词一般不用进行时态。故选b。(5)when he returned to his hometown after the war，he found it had changed beyond all .arecognition brecreationcdecoration dconstruction答案a解析句意为：战争之后当他回到家乡的时候，他发现家乡变得让他认不出来了。beyond recognition认不出来。故选a。6however，why pleasant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists.然而，为什么悦人的气味不能减少男人的疼痛对科学家们来说还是个谜。(1)puzzle n难题，难解之事；vt.迷惑，使困惑be in a puzzle感到困惑puzzle out仔细思考，设法想出答案puzzle about/over sth.对某事苦苦思索(2)puzzled adj.感到困惑的(3)puzzling adj.令人感到困惑的(1)her decision was a puzzle to him.她的决定对他来说是个谜。(2)what puzzles me is why he left home without telling anyone.令我困惑的是他为什么没告诉任何人就离家出走了。(3)the teacher left the children to puzzle out the answer to the problem themselves.老师让学生动脑筋自行寻找问题的答案。单项填空(4)when we speak english today，we sometimes feel about which words or phrases to use.apuzzled banxiouscgrateful dignorant答案a解析句意为：当我们今天说英语时，我们有时会感到困惑，不知该用什么词或短语。puzzled感到困惑的；anxious焦虑的，渴望的；grateful感激的；ignorant无知的，愚昧的。根据题意选a。(5)she had a look on her face because of the problem.apuzzled；puzzled bpuzzling；puzzlingcpuzzled；puzzling dpuzzling；puzzled答案c解析句意为：因为这个令人困惑的问题她一脸困惑。a puzzled look 困惑的表情；the puzzling problem 令人困惑的问题。7scientists observe that making the most of our senses when we are young can keep us healthy later on in life.科学家们注意到，我们年轻的时候充分利用我们的感官会使我们在以后的生活中保持健康。make the most of最大限度地利用，充分利用make use of利用make full/good use of充分/好好利用make better use of更好地利用make the best of最大限度地利用(1)we should make the most of the opportunity.我们应充分利用这一机遇。(2)this is a good chance that you can make use of to improve your spoken english.这是一个你可以利用它来提升你英语口语的好机会。(3)we could make better use of our resources.我们可以更有效地利用我们的资源。单项填空(4)it really shocked us that he should have made such rapid progress in his study in such a short time!no surprising.he has been making most of his spare time to study.(2018无锡江阴四校高一期中)aa；the ba；/c/；the d/；/答案c解析句意为：他在这么短的时间内竟然取得这么大的进步真是让人惊讶。一点不奇怪，他一直利用他的业余时间学习。第一空不填，因为progress是不可数名词；第二空填the，make the most of.充分利用，故选c。8it is added that while our sense of sight is used too much，our senses of touch and smell have been ignored.它(研究报告)补充说我们的视觉用得太多，而我们的触觉和嗅觉被忽略了。(1)ignore vt.忽视；对不予理会(2)ignorance n忽视be in ignorance of sth.不知某事；对某事不了解(3)ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的be ignorant of/about sth.不知道某事be ignorant that.不知道(1)he ignored all the “no smoking” signs and lit up a cigarette.他无视所有“禁止吸烟”的标牌，并且还点了根烟。(2)we are in complete ignorance of your plans.我们对你的计划一无所知。单项填空(3)how do you deal with him?the best way to deal with an impolite person is to him.arecognize brefusecignore dmiss答案c解析答句句意为： 对付无理之人的最佳方式就是置之不理。ignore 多指有意忽略，符合题意，故选c项。(4)last week a tennis ball hit me on the head，but i tried to the pain，believing that it would go away sooner or later.ashare brealizecignore dcause答案c解析句意为：上周一个网球打中了我的头，但是我尽力忽视疼痛，相信它迟早会消失的。share分享；realize意识到；ignore忽视，忽略；cause引起，造成。故选c。经典句式one explanation is that womens sense of smell is better developed than that of men，and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.一种解释是女性的嗅觉比男性的发达，而且这和识别婴儿的体味有关系。(1)本句是复合句，主语为one explanation，that womens.babies是表语从句，在表语从句中，is better developed与is linked to并列作谓语。(2)that of men中的that为指示代词，代指前面提到的sense of smell。that代指前文提到的名词时，表示同一类，但未必是同一个。易混辨析it，one，thatit相当于“the (that，this)名词”，特指上文已经出现的人或物，用以指代单数可数名词或不可数名词，即指代同名同物。one相当于“a名词”，泛指前面提到过的同类事物中的不同的另一个，用于指代单数可数名词，即指代同名异物。前面可有定语，也可没有。that相当于“the名词”，特指上文中已出现的单数或不可数名词，以避免重复，that指代的名词与前面的名词属于同一类，但不属于同一个。一般情况下，其后都有定语。(1)the population of shanghai is larger than that of tianjin.上海的人口比天津的人口多。(2)can you see the book？it is on the desk.你看见那本书了吗？它在桌子上。(3)we have been looking at the houses，but havent found one we like yet.我们一直在看房子，但还没有找到一套我们喜欢的。单项填空(4)a new study suggests that yelling at children may have consequences(结果) that go beyond of beating them.(2018盐城伍佑中学高一检测)aones bthesecthose dthat答案c解析句意为：一项新的研究表明，朝孩子喊叫造成的后果可能超过打他们(的后果)。consequence 意为“后果”，其后加介词 of 表示“的后果”。根据句意和横线后面的介词 of，可以推断此处代词指代consequences，故需用复数形式，排除d项；ones为不定代词，表示泛指，排除a项； these 作代词时，指代听说双方都知道的“这些”，根据句意排除b项；those 为 that 的复数形式，作为代词时指代前面出现的名词复数，故正确答案为c。.单词拼写1though i hadnt seen peter for about twenty years，i recognized him the moment i saw him.2volunteering(志愿者工作) gives you a chance to change lives，including your own.3eating this kind of fruit often reduces(减少) the risks of heart disease.4why he left the company without telling anyone is still a puzzle to us.5i said hello to her，but she ignored me completely!.选词填空6the teacher suggested to us that we make the most of time to study english well.7youve made a mistakeyouve left out the letter “t”8it is obvious that lung diseases are linked to smoking.9we must set aside some money for a rainy day rather than run out of our income immediately.10because the writer fell ill all of a sudden，the novel to be published by the end of next month was put off.完成句子11她在看电视时睡着了。she fell asleep while (she was) watching tv.12我必须找个人说说心里话，不然，我会发疯的。i must bare my heart to someone，or i shall go mad.13是你而不是我适合这项工作。you rather than i are fit for the job.14你决不应该放弃。in no case should you give up.15光速比音速要快。the speed of light is faster than that of sound.单项填空16when asked what they would volunteer to do， said they were willing to do something they could.(2017南菁高级中学高一检测) ahalf of these bhalf of whichchalf of them dhalf of whom答案c解析句意为：当被问及他们将自愿做什么时，一半的人说他们愿意做些力所能及的事情。由题干可知，题中when作为连词，后接状语从句的省略形式，故逗号后缺少主句的主语。故选c。17some of the members demanded to know why they had been kept the true facts until they reached the present critical stage.ain ignorance of bin the light ofcin honor of din view of答案a解析句意为：有些成员要求了解为什么他们对事实的真相毫不知情，直到他们处于目前危险的境地。sb.be kept in ignorance of不让某人知道，符合句意。 18when madam curie did the experiment again，she was more careful she had failed.(2017徐州一中高一阶段检测)awhen bin casecif dwhere答案d解析句意为：居里夫人再做实验时，她对失败过的地方更加小心。where引导地点状语从句。故选d。19its reported that the degree of wealth concentration in china has by a third in the past 35 years and now is larger than of the us.(2018常州高级中学高一期中)arisen；that brisen；whatcraised；that draised；what答案a解析句意为：据报道，在过去的35年里中国的财富集中度已经提高了1/3，目前比美国的财富集中度都大。选项中的rise作不及物动词表示“上升，增强”；raise 是及物动词，表示“提高，养育”。题干中主语是the degree of wealth concentration，可知用不及物动词rise；第二空指代的是前文提到的the degree of wealth concentration，所以用表示“同名同物”的代词that，所以a选项是正确的。20shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and to ruins，the city took on a new look.areducing bbeing reducedcreduced dhaving reduced答案b解析reduce sth.to ruins把变为废墟。after为介词，后跟动词ing形式作宾语，且reduce与逻辑主语the city存在被动关系，故用现在分词的被动形式。用适当的连接词填空1i dont know where mr black put his bag the day before yesterday.2that he has won the prize is true.3what she was really interested in was playing computer games.4word came that the winner of the games would get 10,000 dollars.5would you please tell us why todd was absent?6it is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.7it doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.8the bus i took was broken on the way.this was why i was late.9we have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.10the question is whether it is worth doing.名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用，可作句子的主语、表语、宾语和同位语，分别称作：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。学习名词性从句应注意其引导词的用法与区别以及名词性从句与其他从句的区别等。一、名词性从句的引导词分类词形词义作从句的成分从属连词thatwhether/if是否连接代词who(ever)(无论)谁主格主语、宾语whom(ever)(无论)谁宾格宾语whose谁的所有格定语which(ever)(无论)哪一个(些)主语、宾语、表语、定语what(ever)(无论)什么，东西主语、宾语、表语、定语连接副词when什么时间时间状语where什么地方地点状语how怎样，如何方式状语why为什么原因状语1.主语从句在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。that the football match will be put off is certain now.足球赛将会推迟一事现在已经确定。whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.违反该法者应予以罚款。注意：(1)主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式，但主语从句的主语只限定从句中的谓语动词，与主句的谓语动词无关。(2)有时为了避免头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句，而把主语从句置于句末。it is a fact that english is being accepted as an international language.英语作为一门国际语言正日益为人们所接受，这是不争的事实。it is unknown to us all where life developed.我们都不知道生命起源于何处。2宾语从句在复合句中作动词或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。i believe (that) the chinese womens volleyball team will win in the world cup this year.我相信中国女子排球队将赢得今年的世界杯。i wonder when he will come to school.我想知道他什么时候来学校。i dont know if/whether he has ever been to paris.我不知道他是否去过巴黎。3表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词与引导主语从句和宾语从句的连接词大体相同，有时也用as if引导；表语从句位于系动词之后。the problem is who can get there to take the place of ben.问题是谁能到那儿接替本的位置。it looks as if it is going to rain.看起来像是要下雨了。4同位语从句在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句用来对其前面的名词的具体内容进行解释说明。同位语从句一般跟在下列名词后：belief，doubt，fact，hope，idea，message，news，promise，suggestion，report，thought等。the fact that his suggestion makes sense should be recognized.他的建议是有意义的，这一事实需要得到认可。二、that引导的名词性从句1当名词性从句是陈述句时，用that引导。2介词in和except后接由that引导的宾语从句时，that不能省略。3当that引导主语从句时，that不能省略。通常用it作形式主语。it is necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers in order to meet the need of a job.为了工作的需要，每个人都应该掌握电脑操作技巧是很有必要并且是很重要的。4that引导宾语从句时，在非正式英语中，that通常省略。注意：that引导名词性从句时不省略的几种常见情况：(1)当一个动词带有两个或两个以上并列的that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，其余的that不可省略。he told me (that) his father had died and that he had to make a living alone.他告诉我他的父亲去世了，他不得不独自谋生。(2)当宾语从句有it作形式宾语时。have you made it clear that the form is to be handed in by friday?星期五之前这表格应该上交，你讲清楚这一点了吗？(3)当主句谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。when marx got to england，he found，however，that his english was so limited that he couldnt go on with his common affairs.然而，当马克思到达英国后，他发现他的英语很有限以至于不能处理日常事务。三、whether或if引导名词性从句时，只用whether不用if的几种情况1引导主语从句位于句首时。whether they will sell the house is not decided yet.他们还没有决定是否卖掉这所房子。2引导表语从句或同位语从句时。the question is whether he should do it.问题是他是否应该做那件事。there is some doubt whether john will quit his present job.对于约翰是否会辞去现在的工作还不确定。3作介词的宾语时。i havent settled the question of whether well invite him.我还没有解决我们是否邀请他的问题。4与or not紧连时。i dont know whether or not he finally found his missing watch.我不知道他最后是否找到了丢失的手表。5与不定式连用时。we had no idea whether to go without jane.我们不知道是不是不等简直接走。对点训练1theres doubt the new machine can satisfy our needs.(2018宿迁高一期中)athat bwhichcwhat dwhether答案d解析句意为：对这台新机器是否能满足我们的需要还有怀疑。根据句意，故选d项。2it remains to be seen the new policy can be put into practice.(2018沭阳高级中学高一期中)athat bwhichcwhat dwhether答案d解析句意为：新政策是否能够实施还有待观察。whether可引导主语从句。3 she was sick，i was expected to take her place greatly surprised me，for i didnt have much work experience.(2018连云港赣榆高一期中调研)athat if bthatcif that dif答案a解析句意为：如果她生病，大家希望我来代替她工作，这令我非常吃惊，因为我根本就没有什么工作经验。考查主语从句和状语从句。此题为句中句，增加了试题难度。首先断开句子she was sick，i was expected to take her place，这两个部分只有逗号无连词连接，根据句意，前一部分应为条件状语从句，即if she was sick，.。当句子作主语时，如果句子语意完整且不缺任何句子成分，应由that引导，且that不能省略，所以答案选a。4with time going by，we have come to realize that creativity is it takes to keep a nation highly competitive.(2017泰州中学高一期中)awhat bhowcwhy dthat答案a解析本题是what引导表语从句what it takes to keep a nation highly competitive，并在句中作takes的宾语。句意为：随着时间的流逝，我们逐渐意识到创造性是一个国家保持高度竞争力所需的。故a正确。5 seems to be a strong competition in china for senior high students to enter universities does exist in other countries as well.(2017宿迁高一期中)awhat bitcthere dthat答案a解析句意为：中国高中生进入大学似乎有很激烈竞争的情况在其他国家确实也同样存在。根据句意及句子结构分析可知，此处为主语从句，连词在从句中作主语，指代“的情况”，应使用关系代词what引导。故选a。6the news came my cousin was chosen chairman of the students union.athat bwhatcwhether dhow答案a解析句意为：消息传来，我表弟被选为学生会主席。that引导同位语从句，作the news的同位语，that在从句中不作句子成分，仅起连接作用，且不可省略。故选a。7actually， works hard can be they want to be，whether it is a pilot，an engineer or a manager.(2017徐州一中高一阶段检测)aanyone；whoever bwhoever；anyonecanyone；no matter what dwhoever；whatever答案d解析句意为：事实上，任何人只要努力工作都可以成为他们想成为的人，无论是飞行员、工程师还是经理。who