【名师指导】外研版高中英语必修5探究学案：Module4 Carnival（Period4）.doc

period 4 grammar (review of the passive voice)学习目标：1. 扎实复习本模块语法被动语态，提升综合语言运用能力。2. 自主学习，探究共赢；学会分析与总结的方法并学以致用。3. 激情投入，惜时高效，体验进步的快乐。学习重点：被动语态。学习难点：被动语态的正确运用。课前预习学法指导：1. 借助课本和辅导材料，初步感知被动语态。2. 完成时间15分钟。教材助读：被动语态(一) 语 态 分 类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：mark twain wrote this book. (主动)this book was written by mark twain.(被动)he is feeding a dog. (主动)a dog is being fed by him. (被动)被动语态结构：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。(二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以do 为例，如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were +done 一般将来时：shall / will + done 一般过去将来时：should / would + done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done过去完成时：had + been + done 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done注被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。（三）被动语态考查要点简述被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词，口语只也有用get / become +过去分词表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态。强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态（by短语有时可以省略）。 （1）使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。my friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.an interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.i was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.主动变被动时，宾补成主补（位置不变）；（作补语的）不定式前需加to。the boss made him work all day long.he was made to work all day long(by the boss)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。the children were taken good care of (by her).your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（a）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（b）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如：people say he is a smart boy.it is said that he is a smart boy.he is said to be a smart boy.people know paper was made in china first.it is known that paper was made in china first.paper was known to be made in china first.类似句型有：it is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that （2）不能用被动语态的几种情况。所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。宾语是同源宾语，不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。有些动词以其主动形式表示被动意义，特别是当主语是物时，常见的动词有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。 （3）主动形式表被动意义。当feel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容词时；当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词带状语修饰语时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。this kind of cloth washes easily.这种布易洗。these novels wont sell well.这些小说不畅销。my pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔写起来很流畅。the door wont lock.门锁不上。the fish smells good.鱼闻起来香。当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。the plan worked out successfully.the lamps on the wall turn off.want, require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。在“be + 形容词 + to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。this kind of water isnt fit to drink.the girl isnt easy to get along with.另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。 （4）被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。be seated坐着he is seated on a bench.（he seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。be hidden躲藏he was hidden behind the door.(he hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。be lost迷路be drunk喝醉be dressed穿着the girl was dressed in a red short skirt.（5）被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：the book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)the book is well sold.(系表结构)动词的语态一般不单独考，而是和时态、语气和非谓语动词一起考，只是需要注意以下考点。考点一：不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeedit took place before liberation. 考点二：下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )；glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。the car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。the case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。the book sells well. 这本书很畅销。考点三：一些常用经典被动句型：it is said, it is reported, it is widely believed， it is expected, it is estimated,这些句子一般翻译为“据说”，“人们认为”，而 “以前人们认为” 则应该说：it was believed, it was thought2. examples(1)（粤04-21）all the employees except the manager _to work online at home.a. encourages b. encouragec. is encouraged d. are encouraged(2)（沪04-30）the number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _to eat more fruit and vegetables.a. persuade b. will persuadec. be persuaded d. are persuaded(3)（京04-27)the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics _by 2008.a. has been completedb. has completedc. will have been completedd. will have completed(4)（苏04-26）more patients _in hospital this year than last year.a. treated b. have treatedc. had been treated d. have been treated我的疑问：课内探究1. 结合讲义和学生们的预习状况，老师和同学们一起总结被动语态的用法。2. 高考链接： 1（全国卷）the discovery of gold in australia led thousands to believe that a fortune . a. is made b. would make c. was to be made d. had made2（全国卷）linda, make sure the tables before the guests arrive. a. be set b. set c. are set d. are setting 3（重庆卷）the palace caught fires three times in the last century, and little of the original building now. a. remains b. is remained c. is remaining d. has been remained4. (2012安徽卷）after school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it . a. was decorated b. had decorated c. had been decorating d. was being decorated 5.(2012北京卷)have you heard about that fire in the market? yes, fortunately no one _.a. hurt b. was hurt c. has hurt d. had been hurt6.(2012北京卷)our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.a. was developed b. was developingc. would develop d. developed7.(2012重庆卷)food supplies in the flood-stricken area_. we must act immediately before theres left. a. have run out b. are running outc. have been run out d. are being run out8. (2004 年全国高考卷)sarah, hurry up. im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party. a. get changed b. get change c. get changing d. get to change 9. (2008 四川)tom knew he would certainly get _ if he was late home a. shout at b. to shout at c. shouted at d. to be shouted at10. (2005年北京春招题)after a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment.a. is damaged b. had damaged c. damaged d. was damaged11.(2004年北京卷)the mayor of beijing says that all construction work for the beijing olympics by 2006. a. has been completed b. has completedc. will have been completed d. will have completed12. (2002年上海高考题)i feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. a. is to blame b. is doing to blamec.