上海中考英语复习专题2 动词(包含初中英语八种时态)专题.doc

第二章 用动词的正确形式填空专题概述：一般认为英语的完整句子不可缺少谓语。而谓语只能由动词担任。句子谓语表示行为动作或状态的时态、语气和语态。初中阶段动词的正确形式填空，主要是动词的时态和语态填空。解此类题学生必备的语法知识是：1. 时态概念。时态概念是时态选择的依据。它和时间状语，上下文的提示和某些特定句型有关（如，带条件状语从句的复合句和一些带有时间状语从句的复合句，主从句有时态呼应的规定；带宾语从句的复合句，其宾语从句的时态受主句的时态的限制等）。2. 谓语结构。谓语结构是固定的结构，如现在完成时的结构是have/ has +过去分词，过去将来时的谓语结构是would +动词原形，学生应该掌握初中阶段八种时态的谓语结构。3. 三式两分词。即：现在式，单三现在式，过去式，现在分词和过去分词。如果学生知道时态概念，掌握谓语结构，但三式两分词有误，仍然不能正确解答。学生应该掌握所有教材中动词的三式两分词。4. 语态概念和被动语态的谓语结构。学生应学会判断主语和谓语是执行者与动作的关系还是承受者与动作的关系，掌握被动语态的谓语结构。解此类题学生必须注意的是：1. 找出时间状语，判断用什么时态。如果试题是复合句或并列句或由多句组成，则要考虑上下文决定；2. 考虑用主动还是被动结构；3. 考虑主语与谓语的数的一致；4. 知道祈使句，否定句，疑问句，带有情态动词以及括号内有副词的时态填空如何答题；5. 知道如何在语段中做时态填空。例如：1) The Class Four students (listen) to a lecture about UFOs this time yesterday.2) Dont make any noise. Grandma (sleep).3) The rain (stop). Shall we go on with our volleyball match?4) Ill give the message to her as soon as she (return).5) The foreigner said he (visit) Pudong New Area soon.6) The rain (not, stop) yet. Youd better not go out.7) (tell) her to come to the teachers office as soon as she (come).8) What you (do) when I called you yesterday evening?9) Now many kinds of work (can do) by robots.10) More money (spend) on education next year.11) Milk (usually bring) to a city in large trucks.12) Mr. Wang (leave) Shanghai more than 50 years ago. Last week he flew back, and was surprised to see that Shanghai (change) a lot. He said he (spend) the rest of his life here.根据市教育考试院关于试题改革的最新精神，本题题型有可能稍作改变，即将各小题括号内的动词原形集中在方框内。新题型添加了考查学生对所给动词的认识以及对试题中所缺动词的揣测能力。例如：Begin, call, get, have, invent, read1. Martin rose very late this morning. When he into the schoolyard, class already and his classmates after Mr Michel, their French teacher.(got, had begun, were reading)2. In 1816 or 1817 a German, Baron Karl von Dras, a wooden bicycle. It two wheels, a seat and handlebars. This was the first bicycle and it a “Draisienne” after his last name. (invented, had was called)表1 规则动词表帮助野营跳发展包装踢摘，捡敲谈话走路感谢预定烹饪看舶车工作问咳嗽大笑 +s+ing+ed 处理失败邮递称呼装满杀死拉愚弄旋转似乎爬打扫打开发生系牢听解释下雨训练参加原谅转动归来拥有玩暂住享受毁坏允许借进下雪复习helpcampjumpdeveloppackkickpickknocktalkwalkthankbookcooklookparkworkaskcoughlaugh /s/t/ dealfailmailcallfillkillpullfoolwhirlseemclimbcleanopenhappenfastenlistenexplainraintrainjoinpardonturnreturnownplaystayenjoydestroyallowborrowsnowreview称重犁地害怕清楚出现消失记得疑惑欢呼提供修理浇水进入要紧乱丢递送覆盖发现回答 +s+ing+ed 重复表演收集改正保护举起等候访问种植想要发明画画指点数数开始报道使兴趣坚持邮递调节喊叫 +s+ing+ed 加上成功需要递交登陆结束修补出席 weighploughfearclearappeardisappearrememberwondercheerofferrepairwaterentermatterlitterdelivercoverdiscoveranswer /s/d/ repeatactcollectcorrectprotectliftwaitvisitplantwantinventpaintpointcountstartreportinterestinsistpostadjustshout /ts/tid/ addsucceedneedhandlandendmendattend伸出介意听上去受伤奖励记录 +s+ing+ed 通过使窘迫处理穿衣错过横过讨论放松洗捕鱼出版完成希望推刷到达观看去取 +s+ing+ed 死扎，系 +sdy+ying+d 同意 +s+ing+ed 希望打字喜欢吸烟 +s-e, +ing+d 比较申报准备储存麻烦微笑extendmindsoundwoundawardrecord /dz/did/ passembarrassprocessdressmisscrossdiscussrelaxwashfishpublishfinishwishpushbrushreachwatchfetch /iz/t/ dietie /z/d/ agree /z/d/ hopetypelikesmoke /s/t/ comparedeclarepreparestoretroublesmile欢迎决定打电话打电话拯救相信收到居住到达热爱证明移动服务值得 +s-e, +ing+d 憎恨翻译开刀尝味浪费犹豫毕业完成是兴奋邀请污染 +s-e, +ing+d 决定划分 +s-e, +ing+d 赛跑注意跳舞发音缩减介绍许诺练习 +s-e, +ing+d 请举高表扬是惊讶关假设welcomedeterminephonetelephonesavebelievereceivelivearriveloveprovemoveservedeserve /z/d/ hatetranslateoperatetastewastehesitategraduatecompleteexciteinvitepollute /ts/id/ decidedivide /dz/id/ racenoticedancepronouncereduceintroducepromisepractice /iz/t/ pleaseraisepraisesurpriseclosesuppose使用原谅搞糊涂道歉认识到组织管理变化安排鼓励审判 +s-e, +ing+d 学习依靠抄写哭喊搬运担心赶紧努力使空 -y+ies+ing-y+ied 击掌跨步跳绳滑跤拖地掉下停止抢劫摩擦乞求适合开玩笑控制旅行更喜欢 +s尾辅音双写+ing尾辅音双写+eduseexcuseconfuseapologizerealizeorganizemanagechangearrangeencouragejudge /iz/d/ studyrelycopycrycarryworryhurrytryempty /z/d/ clapstepskipslipmopdropstoprobrubbegfitkidcontroltravelprefer 表2 不规则动词表花费切割打击让放安置吐唾液预报伤害读传播带来买下斗争想教抓住离开借出派送花费建造重建燃烧做梦学会意思是闻上去拼写感觉保持睡觉扫地引领加速遇见点火滑动获得坐失去有听见制造找到抓住告诉出售放置付钱说AAAcost cost costcut cut cuthit hit hitlet let letput put putset set setspit spit spitforecast forecast forecasthurt hurt hurtread read read spread spread spreadABBbring brought broughtbuy bought boughtfight fought foughtthink thought thoughtteach taught taughtcatch caught caughtleave left leftlend lent lentsend sent sentspend spent spentbuild built builtrebuild rebuilt bebuiltburn burnt burnt *dream dreamt dreamt *learn learnt learnt *mean meant meantsmell smelt smelt *spell spelt spelt *feel felt feltkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptsweep swept sweptlead led ledspeed sped sped *meet met metlight lit lit *slide slid slidget got gottensit sat satlose lost losthave had hadhear heard heardmake made madefind found foundcatch caught caughttell told toldsell sold soldlay laid laidpay paid paidsay said said站立懂得挖悬挂照耀敲打赢得唱歌游泳开始喝（铃）响吹生长知道扔飞画画躲藏骑车写驾驶升起给看见出生穿戴忘记拿走摇打破说话偷窃醒来选择冻结掉下吃显示唤醒做去躺打成为来跑stand stood stoodundersatand understood understooddig dug dughang hung hungshine shone shone *strike struck struck(stricken)win won wonABCsing sang sungswim swam swumbegin began begundrink drank drunkring rang rungblow blew blowngrow grew grownknow knew knownthrow threw thrownfly flew flowndraw drew drownhide hid hiddenride rode riddenwrite wrote writtendrive drove drivenrise rose risengive gave givensee saw seenbear bore bornwear wore wornforget forgot forgottentake took takenshake shook shakenbreak broke brokenspeak spoke spokensteal stole stolenwake woke waken *choose chose chosenfreeze froze frozenfall fell falleneat ate eatenshow showed shown *wake woke wokendo did donego went gonelie lay lainAABbeat beat beatenABAbecome became becomecome came comerun ran run说明：hang 作“绞死”解时；lie作“说谎”解时，是规则动词。有“ * ”号的动词也可以用作规则动词。表3 动词谓语结构肯定式否定式和疑问式动词BE作谓语事态名称动词write作谓语 dont主语 doesnt write didntDoDoes主语 write?Didamisare一般现在时writewriteswaswere一般过去时wrotewill beamis going to beare一般将来时will writeamis going to writeareamisarewaswereshallshouldwillwould nothavehashadcancouldmaymightmustAmIsAreWasWereShallShouldWillWould 主语？HaveHasHadCanCouldMayMightMustwould bewaswere going to be过去将来时would writewaswere going to write现在进行时amis writingare过去进行时waswere writinghavehas been现在完成时havehas writtenhad been过去完成时had writtencancouldmay bemust带情态动词句cancouldmay writemust初中英语八种时态归纳复习l 时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。 一、一般现在时： l 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 l 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, l 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 l 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 l 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： l 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 l 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. l 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 l 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 l 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 三、现在进行时： l 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 l 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. l 基本结构：am/is/are+doing l 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. l 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 四、过去进行时： l 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 l 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 l 基本结构：was/were+doing l 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. l 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 五、现在完成时： l 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 l 时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. l 基本结构：have/has + done l 否定形式：have/has + not +d one. l 一般疑问句：have或has。 初中英语完成态终短暂动词对应延续性动词变化规则表基本变化规则a)用延续性动词代替短暂性（终止性）动词1、用have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear代替put onb)用“be形容词”代短暂性动词1、bemarried代marry 2、beill代fall (get) ill3、bedead代die 4、beasleep代fall (get) asleep5、beawake代wake/wake up 6、begone代lose,die,sell,leave7、beopen代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、bemissing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be副词”代短暂性动词1“beon”代start,begin2“beup”代get up3“beback(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be介词短语”代短暂性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have been back3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up；7. have died have been dead； 8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over；11. havemarried have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the armyl六、过去完成时： l 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 l 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. l 基本结构：had + done. l 否定形式：had + not + done. l 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 七、一般将来时： l 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 l 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. l 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. l 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 l 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 八、过去将来时： l 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 l 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. l 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. l 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do. l 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。 l . 几种常见时态的相互转换 l 英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：一、 一般过去时与现在完成时的转换 n 在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从以来有时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看： A. He joined the League two years ago. B. He has been in the League for two years. C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、 一般现在时与现在进行时的转换 n 在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看： l Peter is at work, but Mike is at play. l Peter is working, but Mike is playing. 三、 现在进行时与一般将来时的转换 n 在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看： l The train is leaving soon. l The train will leave soon. 四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换 n “be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看： l We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday. l We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday. l 中考动词时态考点分析 一、 根据时间状语确定时态的原则 l 1. Hurry up! The play for ten minutes. (2002辽宁) l A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began l 析 1. C。since后接时间的起点，for后接时间段，主句动词用现在完成时，应注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的使用。 二、 在复合句根据时态呼应确定时态的原则 l 2. Do you know if back next week? If he back, please let me know. (2002黑龙江 ) l A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comes l C. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come n 析 2. C。if既可引导宾语从句，也可引导状语从句。充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义是“是否”。充当状语从句的连接词时，词义是“如果”。从时态看，if引导宾语从句时谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化；引导表示将来动作或状态的条件句时，若主句用一般将来时，则从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。 三、 根据上下文已有时态信息点确定时态的原则 l 3. When this kind of computer ? l -Last year. (2002天津) l A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used l 析 3. B。此例由下句的时间状语推断出一般过去时态，并且要考虑到被动语态。 四、 利用上下文语意确定时态的原则 l 4. Hi! Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. l -Oh, I ready for the maths exam. (2002江西) l A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got l 析 4. B。此例由didnt, at the party推断出应用过去进行时。 五、 时态中的“特殊”对策的原则 l 5. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. (2002辽宁) l A. is B. was C. has been D. will be l 析 5. A。 有些动词其动词的时态是“违背常理”的。如宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或客观真理时，其时态不受主句限制而用一般现在时表示。 l . 中考实战题练兵 l Fill in the blanks with the right forms of the verb tense: l 1. Mr Brown will go fishing if it (not rain) tomorrow. (2002徐州市) l 2. I think he (be) back in a week. (2002南京市) l 3. Who (knock) at the door? l -I dont know. Let me go and see. (2002连云港市) l 4. Bill is strict with himself. He never (leave) todays work for tomorrow. (2002连云港市) l 5. - your uncle (return) the video tapes to Mr Fox? l -No. Theyre still in his bedroom. (2002南通市) l 6. By the end of last term, they (work) there for ten years. (2002辽宁) l 7. Mr. Wang (read) a newspaper in the office at this time yesterday. (2002上海市) l 8. Mr. Green and his wife (live) in London for a few years before they l (come) to work in China in 2001. (2002曲靖市) l 9. They never knew what (happen) to the world in a hundred years. (2002南充) l 10. About 400 years ago, Galileo(伽利略) proved that the earth (go) around the sun. (2002陕西) 表4 动词have、has、had的肯定，否定和疑问形式释义肯定式否定式和疑问式havehashad占有、拥有I have got a pen.I havent got a pen.Have you got a pen?I have a pen.I havent a pen.I dont have a pen.Have you a pen?Do you have a pen?固定词组have lunchhave some teahave a good timehave some difficultyhave a cigarettesmokehave a good journeyhave a white Christmashave a letterhave a testan examhave a classa lessonhave much educationhave a meetinghave sportshave a lot of rain一般现在时，一般过去时Tom has lunch at school.Sam doesnt have lunch at school.Does Jim have lunch at school.完成式have p.p.has p.p.had p.p.Betty has seen the film.Cathy hasnt seen the film.Has Jenny seen the film?半情态动词had better doWe had better go to see her off.We had better not go to see her off.Hadnt we better to go to see her off?have to do一般现在时，一般过去时Alice has to copy the text.Linda doesnt have to copy the text.Does Lucy have to copy the text?表6 并列句，主从复合句的时态用法举例 并列句1. 祈使句and 一般将来时2