人教版高一英语必修三专题之 课堂导学 学案：Unit1　Festivals around the world.doc

课堂导学基础巩固一、词汇详解1.discuss when they take place,what they celebrate and one thing that people do at that time.讨论它们是什么时间举行，庆祝的是什么事件，并说出人们在那天所做的一件事。要点提示：take place是不及物动词，无被动式，意思为“发生”，常指经过安排的事情。典型例句：the interview is well planned and it is to take place on time.采访计划周密，会按时进行的。相关链接：happen发生，碰巧(指偶然性);chance碰巧发生，偶然发生(同happen),正式用语。例如：i happened to be here when you were in trouble.当你有困难时我碰巧在那儿。she chanced to be in the park when i was there.我在公园时碰巧她在那儿。应用探究选择填空(1)we may never discover what _ that night when you left for beijing. a.happenedb.chancec.take placed.took place解析：从时间状语来看应使用过去时态，took place 虽为过去时，但它的意思是有计划、有安排地进行，题意应指那天夜里突然或偶然发生了什么事，故应使用a项happened。答案：a(2)when does the ceremony _?all the lovely boys and girls in our school are waiting for it.sorry,i have no idea,but in my opinion, 8 a.m.a.happenb.chancec.take placed.took place解析：文中所提到的ceremony一定是有计划作出了安排的，故应使用c项take place。答案：c2.they would starve if food was difficult to find,so they celebrated when they had food.如果食物难以得到，他们会挨饿，因此，一旦有了食物，他们就开怀欢庆。要点提示：starve作动词时除了有“饿死，饥饿，使饥饿”的意思外，还有“渴望做某事”的意思。典型例句：whats for dinner?im starving to death!晚饭吃什么?我饿死了!she failed again,starving for success.她又失败了，渴望成功。相关链接：starving adj.饥饿的;受饿的the starving饥民starvation n.挨饿;饿死starvation diet极少量的食物句型转换(1)a：the proud man said he preferred to suffer from hunger rather than beg for food.b：the proud man said he _ _ _ _ beg for food.(2)a：those motherless children were longing for affection.b：those motherless children _ _ _ affection.填空(3)the _ (starve) people of this area were suffering from the terrible _ (starve) and many people lost their lives.答案：(1)would starve rather than (2)were starving for/were starved of(3)starving;starvation3.some festivals are held to honor the dead,or satisfy and please the ancestors,.有些节日是为了纪念死者、或者取悦祖先，使他们得到满足，要点提示：satisfy 为动词，在本句中意思有“满足，使满意”之意。另有“符合”之意。如:satisfy a definition 符合定义。典型例句：:my brother felt that nothing he did could satisfy his boss.我弟弟感到他所做的事情没有一件令老板满意。相关链接：其形容词satisfying相当于satisfactory令人满意的，多用来修饰物体;satisfied adj.感到满意的，多用来修饰人。常用短语:be satisfied with对感到满意或满足;be satisfied to do对做感到满意或满足。完成句子(1)this kind of job _ _ _ _ (我不满意),so i left the company and went out to find a suitable job.(2)every one of the team _ _ _ _ _ (不满意我们受到的待遇) at that party on miss smiths eighteenth birthday.(3)the story you told had an attractive beginning and a _ (令人满意的)end.答案：(1)does not satisfy me(2)wasnt satisfied with our treatment(3)satisfying4.the festival of halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead.万圣节起源于纪念亡者的祭事活动。要点提示：in memory of意思为“纪念”，在本单元中还出现另一词组to the memory of，它们意义和用法相同。典型例句：we sang the song in memory of the dead.我们唱歌以纪念故去的人们。思维拓展:have a good/bad memory for擅长/不擅长记within sb.s memory 就某人记忆力所及memorize v.记住（某事物）完成句子(1)grandmother _ _ _ _ (祖母的记忆力很好);she can remember things which happened many years ago.(2)this has been the hottest summer _ _ _ (就我所记得的)during my seventy years in the world.(3)i wrote a long poem _ _ _ (纪念)robert,who used to be my old friend as well as a good teacher.答案：(1)has a good memory (2)within my memory(3)in memory of5.festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or to the gods.有些节日是纪念名人或者神的。要点提示：honor 在此句中表示“尊敬，敬意”,另外，还可以表示“光荣”。典型例句：we show our honor to the police.我们向警察表示敬意。ladies and gentlemen,it is my honor to have been here.女士们，先生们，亲邻此地，甚感荣幸。相关链接：honor也可以作及物动词用，意为“尊敬、纪念”。如：today well meet an honored guest.今天我们将会见一位贵宾。欣赏句子(1)there is honor among thieves.(2)ladies and gentlemen,it is my honor to have been here to give a speech.(3)i have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors of exalted rank.答案：略改错at eleven oclock in the morning,well meet an honoring guest in the meeting room.答案：honoringhonored6.in india there is a national festival on october 2 to honor mahatma gandhi,the leader who helped gain indias independence from britain.在印度，10月2日是纪念甘地的全国性节日，他是帮助印度脱离英国而独立的领袖。要点提示：gain是动词，意为“取得、获得”。后面常跟独立、成绩、成就等词作宾语。典型例句:youll gain useful experience in working with computer.在用计算机工作中你会取得有用的经验。i gain a lot from the activity.我从活动中受益。相关链接：gain另有名词用法，意为“利润、利益、收益”等。谚语:no pains,no gains.不劳无获。the company cares only about shortterm gain.公司只关注短期利益。改错(1)this clock wins five minutes a day,so youd better have it repaired if you have time.(2)only after ten years in the country gained she her citizenship.(3)in the sport meeting,the american black girl gained before the other runners in the race and finished first in the end.答案：(1)winsgains(2)gained shedid she gain(3)beforeon格言欣赏learning more and gaining more is the light that leads into everything lovely.7.some people might win awards for their animals,flowers,fruit and vegetables.有些人可能因为他们的动物、花果和蔬菜而获奖。要点提示：award在此处的意思是“奖品”，作名词用。award用作动词时，意思为“给予、颁发、判决、裁定”，常用作award sth.(to sb.)和 award sb. sth.(for sth.)以及be awarded sth.(for sth.)结构。典型例句：father often shows us the athletics awards he has won.父亲经常给我们看他所获得的体育运动奖。the award of a scholarship from our institute was on tv yesterday.我们学院的奖学金颁发决定昨天在电视上播放了。相关链接：三个不同的奖:prize,award,rewardprize也意为“奖品、奖金”，但它主要用于表示“获得几等奖”或“获奖金额”，常说win a prize for. “因而获奖”;award (sb.) a prize 指“授予(某人)奖励”，授奖者往往是具有裁判力的人;reward可用作名词或动词，它的意思特指“报答、报偿、酬谢;奖赏”，常指通过努力而获得回报，如：whats my reward for my work?填空用award.for/award.to的适当形式填空。(1)the school _ merry a prize _ her good work.(2)he _ _ the gold medal _ being the fastest runner.(3)the judge _ a large sum of money _ those hurt by the fire.答案：(1)awarded;for(2)was awarded;for(3)awarded;to阅读阅读下面的笑话，了解tom怎么得的奖。tom:dad,my teacher awarded me a book for my answering his question.dad:congratulations! what is the question and your answer?tom:ok.how many legs does a hawk have?i said three.dad:my silly boy,a hawk has two legs.tom:but the others all said four.8.the most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.最富生机而又重要的节日就是告别冬天、盼望春天的日子。要点提示：短语look forward to中的 to为介词，后面跟 doing或者名词作宾语。典型例句：mother says shes looking forward to meeting you.妈妈说她正期盼着与你见面。相关链接：要注意本短语的另外意思，即故意将短语分割，形式相同而意义却相差甚远。如:i look forward to look at the advertisement for selling houses on the wall.我向前看去看墙上的卖房子的广告。此句中，to为不定式。英译汉(1)we look forward to receiving your reply when you study in japan._(2)all the people in the company look forward to other good news from you._答案：(1)当你在日本学习时，我们盼望着你的回信。(2)公司里所有的人都希望从你那儿得到其他好消息。观察猜想观察下面两个句子中的to后的动词形式为何不一样(1)we look forward to hearing from you.(2)parents tell me to look forward to see road signs while walking on the street.9.they might include parades,dancing in the streets day and night,loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds.人们穿着各种艳丽的节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。要点提示：clothing衣服、服装，是集体名词，只有单数形式，其后谓语动词用单数形式。表示一件衣服时，可说an article of clothing 或a piece of clothing,但不能用a suit of clothing。典型例句：in the market,you can buy articles of clothing.在市场里你可以买各种服装和衣着用品。相关链接：clothes 指具体的衣服，不能用作单数，不能与不定冠词或数词连用，但可以与物主代词、指示代词和少数不定代词连用。作主语时，谓语用复数形式。填空填入clothes/clothing(1)in the old society,poor farmers didnt have enough food,_,shelter and lived a miserable life.(2)the beautiful singer called ann has many _,and she is in her best in the stage now.(3)in my opinion,these two suits of _ are in great need and that article of _ is a bargain.(4)fine _ make the man.(谚语:佛要金装，人要衣装。)答案：(1)clothing(2)clothes;clothes(3)clothes;clothing(4)clothes10.but she didnt turn up.但是她现在还没有露面。要点提示：turn up 动词短语，此处意思为“出现、露面”。另外，还有“调大(音量)”之意。典型例句：when jack turns up,please turn up the radio;for he is a little deaf.当杰克出现时，将音量调大些，因为他有点聋。相关链接：turn down调低音量等，拒绝(建议、请求等)turn in交回，交还;告发turn into变成，使变成turn on打开，启动，袭击turn off 关上，关闭turn out结果是，驱赶选择填空turn up/down/in/into/out(1)why did he _ your invitation?you see,you invite him sincerely.(2)only twenty percent of the guns have been _ so far and it is a demanding job to get all of them.(3)we arranged to meet at 7:30,but she never _.(4)she _ to be a friend of my sister.答案：(1)turn down(2)turned in (3)turned up (4)turned out11.well,he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.他不想屏息她等来道歉。要点提示：apologize v.表示“道歉;认错”。常用apologize to sb.for sth.结构，表示“因为某事向某人道歉”。典型例句：last week jack came to your office and pretended to apologize to you.上星期杰克来你的办公室假装向你道歉。相关链接：apologize其名词形式为apology，注意短语:make/offer an apology (to sb.for sth.)表达道歉accept/refuse an apology接受/拒绝道歉介词填空(1)in my opinion,you should apologize to my dear brother _ what you have done to him.(2)even _ you make an apology _ me now,i wont forgive you.填空(3)japanese should offer an _ (apologize) to the peace-loving chinese people for their violent deeds.答案：(1)for(2)if;to(3)apology 12.she would never forgive him.她恐怕永远也不会原谅他了。要点提示：forgive v.有“原谅、宽恕”之意。典型例句:i cant forgive him for what he did to my younger brother.我不会原谅他对我弟弟所做的事情。forgive me,mr zhang,but it is not my fault.对不起，张先生，不过那不是我的错。相关链接：forgive sb.原谅某人 forgive sb.sth.原谅某人某行为forgive sb.for sth.某方面宽恕某人forgive me请原谅，对不起,常用在口语中。选择填空(1)ill never forgive you _ what you have done to me.a.ofb.from c.ford.over解析：for 意思是对某事表示如何，即“我不能原谅你对我的所作所为”，其他选项无此意义。故选c项。答案：c体验对比各种“对不起”，体验不同的感情色彩。(2)excuse me,where is the nearest way to the bus station?(3)please forgive me for my being rude to you.(4)would you mind my opening the door?13.she said she would be there at seven oclock,and li fang thought she would keep her word.她说她会七点到达，李方认为她会守信，用的。(and连接两个宾语从句)要点提示：keep ones word 守信，守诺典型例句：father promised he would buy me a bike and he must keep his word.爸爸答应过要给我买一辆自行车，他必须遵守诺言。相关链接：break ones word 食言，失信get in a word插话，插嘴upon ones word 一定，决不虚言have a word with sb.与某人谈一谈believe sb.s bare word轻信某人(毫无根据)的话语have words (with sb.) (about sth.)（为某事）（与某人）争吵完成句子(1)一个人要时时刻刻守信，这很重要。it is very important that everyone _ _ _ all the time.(2)现在到了我和这个不知羞耻的人谈一谈的时候了。it is time for me to _ _ _ _ the shameless man.答案：(1)keep his word(2)have a word with脑筋急转弯1.which month do the soldiers hate?2.why is an empty purse always the same?答案：(1)march (三月，行军). (2)because there is no change(零钱，变化) in it.二、句型必背1.some festivals are held to honor the dead,or satisfy and please the ancestors,who could return either to help or to do harm.有一些节日是为了纪念死者，或取悦祖先，使他们得到满足，因为祖先们可能回到世上提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。要点提示：either.or.意为“既不也不”，可连接两个主语、宾语、表语、谓语或状语。连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数与邻近的主语，即or后的主语一致。典型例句：it is your choice! either she leaves or i will.你看着办吧！要么她走，要么我走。相关链接：此类用作就近原则的情况有:(1)当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but(also)连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。(2)there，here引导的句子。例如：there is a book and ten pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和十枝钢笔。改错(1)he is either in london and in new york,that is to say,he isnt here.(2)either she or you is going to buy a lot of equipment for our lab.(3)if he goes to new york,ill go,either.(4)either of them are right.do you think so?答案：(1)andor(2)isare(3)eithertoo(4)areis 选择填空(5)to my delight,not only you but also _ he what the teacher and writer in red _ at the meeting.a.know;sayb.knows;saysc.knows;sayd.know;says解析：not only.but also 引导并列的主语时动词按就近原则使用，从b、c两项中选;从句的主语是the teacher and writer是一个人，谓语动词应用单数形式即says，故选b项。答案：b2. this country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.（节日里）整个国度到处都是盛开的樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。要点提示：so that引导的状语从句，可以表示目的，也可以表示结果;有“为了、以便”和“因此、以致”之意;as though“好像”，意思和用法与as if相同。典型例句：the students study hard so that we can get a good job.学生们努力学习为了找到好工作。(目的)the bus broke down,so that we had to walk.(结果)公共汽车抛锚了，因此我们必须步行。many contestants later failed drug tests,so that the race had to be rerun.(结果)许多参赛者后来都没有通过药检，赛跑只好重新进行。they are talking as though they had been old friends.他们谈论着好像多年的老朋友。相关链接：虚拟语气用在as though引起的方式状语从句或者表语从句中，动词一般用虚拟语气。谓语多用过去式表示现在的情况。表示“好像”，形式和wish宾语从句的形式相同。句型转换(1)a:hurry up in order to get there on time.b:hurry up _ _ _ _ get there on time.(2)a:as a result of getting up late _ _,he was late for school.b:he got up late _ _ he was late for school.翻译句子(3)he talks as if/though he knew all about it._(4)he acted like that as though he were better than us._(5)he opened his lips as if to say something to us about his disabled father._答案：(1)so that you can(2)so that (3)他说话的口气好像他全部都已经知道了。(4)他那么做,好像比我们强似的。(5)他张开嘴好像要对我们说些关于他的残疾爸爸的事情。三、语法解读相近情态动词的用法区别1.can和could要点提示：can 表示“能力”时，和be able to 相当，许多场合都可以互相替换。但当叙述过去经过一番努力才能完成的事情，不可用could，只能用 was (were) able to。典型例句：he could (=was able to)swim when he was six years old.他六岁时就会游泳了。(叙述一般的能力)he was able to swim halfway before he was tired out.他游过一半已精疲力竭。(指经过了努力，所以不用could)。2.may和might 要点提示：表示请求许可(否定答语为must not)口语中可用can/could 代替may，但在正式场合要用may;在表示推测的句子中，一般不用于疑问句，may表示的可能性比might要大;may有时可以表示祝愿。典型例句：you may keep the book for a week.这本书你可以保留一星期。she said i might use her dictionary.她说我可以用她的字典。they may be having a class now.他们也许现在正在上课呢。mother may(might)be cooking now.我妈妈可能正在做饭。may you succeed.祝你成功。3.will和would要点提示：will表示意志、意愿、决心，用于各人称。would表示过去时间的意愿，是will的过去时;will表示请求，通常用于第二人称。would表示更委婉的请求或建议。典型例句：i will never do such a thing again.这样的事我决不再干了。we tried to persuade him to come with us,but he wouldnt.我们力图说服他一起来，可他不愿意。help me with this luggage,will you?请您帮我搬搬这件行李，好吗？would you do this for me?请你帮我做这个，行吗？4. shall和should要点提示：(1)shall用在主语是第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的允诺。should表示惊讶、意外、难以置信，常与why,who,how等连用。(2)shall用在主语是第二人称或第三人称陈述句中表示说话人的允诺或警告。should对已发生的情况表示责备。结构为“should +have+过去分词”。(3)shall用在主语是第三人称的条约，规章等文件中表示义务或规定。should表示应该，义务。典型例句：why should i be angry with you?我哪会生你的气呢？shall i send for the doctor?要我派人请医生来吗？you shouldnt have blamed her so seriously;she is still a child.你不应该这么严厉地指责她，她还是个孩子。you shall be sorry for what you have said.你会为你所说的话感到后悔的。he shall get what he wants.他会得到他所要的东西的。the new regulation shall take effect on jan 1st.新规章自1月1日起施行。5.must和cant要点提示：(1)must表示推测must表示推测时，它的肯定程度比may,might要大得多，一般译为肯定。(2)can表示推测多用于否定式。典型例句：listen! there must be more than one thief in the room.听，肯定有不止一个小偷在房间里。my teacher must be having breakfast.我的老师肯定在吃早饭。mary studies hard.now she cant (couldnt) be sleeping.she must be studying.玛丽学习努力，现在不可能睡觉，她肯定在学习。填空用must，have to，should，may，can，shall的正确形式填空。(1)you ought to buy some books,prices _ go up in these days.(2)this old woman _ be used to living without a car,isnt she?(3)my sister _ wait outside because she left her key in the office.(4)what _ it be?it cant be a desk,for it is moving,it must be a car.(5)is john coming by train?he _,but he may not.he likes driving his car.(6)it is cold in the room. _ tom close the door to keep the cold out?答案：(1)may(2)must(3)had to(4)can(5)should(6)shall选择填空(1)i _ show you around this beautiful school,for it is my duty,but im not sure whether i will have time this sunday.a.shouldb.mightc.wouldd.could解析：本题考查情态动词，所给选项均为过去时态，但本句意义却非在此。句子意思是:我本应该带你参观学校，但不一定有时间。满足这一意义的只有a项should，表示应该。答案：a(2)ill tell mary how to operate the new machine at 5 p.m. tomorrow.you _ her last week,you see,no one can operate it and the workers are very anxious.a.ought to tellb.would have toldc.must telld.should have told解析：对话中的后者实际上是责备前者的，即:你本应该早告诉我，但你没有做到，应用should+ have done，故选d项。答案：d(3)mr li,look after your son,he _ play with knife,it _ hurt himself.thank you very much for your reminding me.i should stop him playing with it.a.wont;cantb.mustnt;mayc.shouldnt;mustd.cant;shouldnt解析：第一句话是对对方的提示，即千万不能让孩子玩刀子，这样会伤着自己，表示“禁止，不许”，所以第一个空要使用mustnt，故选b项。答案：b(4)why _