英语新目标八年级(下)Unit9 Grammar课件.ppt

thePresentPerfectTense 现在完成时 助动词have has 过去分词done past now Yesterday wecleanedtheclassroom Now theclassroomiscleanbecausewehavecleanedit 用法1 强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响 1 Myfatherboughtmanybooksformeyesterday Now Ihavealottoreadbecause 2 Isawthisfilmlastweek Now IknowthisfilmbecauseI 3 Ididmyhomeworkyesterday Now IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseI myfatherhasboughtmanybooksforme haveseenitbefore havedoneit 仍然 还 用在疑问句和否定句中 放在句末 Ihaven treadthisbookyet Haveyouhadbreakfastyet already Yet 已经 通常用于肯定句中 放在句中 Ihavealreadyreadthisbook 有时 也用在疑问句中表示惊讶 Haveyoueatenupallthefoodalready 从来不 用在否定句中 放在句中 Ishefamous Ihaveneverheardofhim ever never 曾经 通常用于疑问句和肯定句中 放在句中 Ihaveeverseenthisfilm HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA 以前 用在完成时中 放在句末 haveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore just before 刚刚 用在陈述句中 放在句中 Ihavejustboughtanovel Shebegantoworkin2005 Shestillworksherenow Shehasworkedatthisschoolfor3years now past IbegantoteachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolforfiveyears 用法2 过去发生的动作一直延续到现在 1 Iamadoctor IbegantoworkwhenIwas22 Now Iam26 I forfouryears 2 WewenttotheUSAlastMonday TodayisMonday We stay intheUSAsincelastMonday haveworked havestayed sinceandfor Thewomanhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years sincetwoyearsago since2yearsago since1998 sinceshecametotheschool for 时间段 since 时间点 for2years alongtime 一 用for和since填空 threehours threeo clock twodays yesterdayafternoon Icamehere lastSunday aweek alongtime 1997 twoweeks threeyearsago lastmonth for since for since since since for for since for since since 1 They veknowneachothersince A 1995B threeyears2 I vebeeninterestedinChinesefor A lastyearB oneyear3 Shehasbeenadoctorfor A twoyearsB twoyearsago4 I vehadaheadachesince A IgotupthismorningB fivehours5 We vebeenherefor A onehourB oneo clock A A B A B 6 Myparentshaveownedthishousefor A alongtimeB manyyearsago7 They vebeeninlovesince A lastspringB threemonths8 Wehaveknowneachothersince A oneyearB lastyear9 Howlonghaveyoubeenlikethis Since A lastnightB twodays10 Howlonghassheworkedhere Shehasworkedherefor A 1993B sixyears A A B A B Exercise根据所给情况 用just already或yet造句 1 Afterlunchyougotoseeafriendatherhouse Shesays Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat Yousay No thankyou havelunch 2 Joegoesout Fiveminuteslater thephoneringsandthecallersays CanIspeaktoJoe Yousay I mafraid goout hehasjustgoneout I vejusthadlunch 3 Youareeatinginarestaurantthisevening Thewaiterthinksyouhavefinishedandstartstotakeyourplateaway Yousay Waitamoment not finish 4 Youaregoingtoarestaurantthisevening Youphonetoreserve 预定 atable Lateryourfriendsays ShallIphonetoreserveatable Yousay No it do Ihaven tfinishedityet Ihavealreadydone 1 现在完成时用来表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果 也就是说 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在 Ihavelostmywallet 含义是 现在我没有钱花了 Janehasjusthadit 含义是 简现在不饿了 Michaelhasbeenill 含义是 现在仍然很虚弱 Hehasreturnedfromabroad 含义是 现在已在此地 2 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻一直持续到现在的动作和状态 常与表示持续的时间状语连用 表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词 Ihaven tseenherthesedays Maryhasbeenillforthreedays Ihavelivedheresince1998 3 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 如already yet just before recently still lately等 Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship Ihaven tseenmuchofhimrecently lately Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet 4 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用 如often sometimes ever never twice onseveraloccasion等 HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing IhaveneverheardofBunny Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes Georgehasmetthatgentlemanonseveraloccasions 5 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用 如now now just today thismorning week month year uptothesefewdays weeks months years uptopresent sofar等 Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar Manhasnowlearnedtoreleaseenergyfromthenucleusoftheatom TherehasbeentoomuchraininSanFranciscothisyear Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful 6 现在完成时表示现在之前已完成的动作 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续 但是有一些现在完成时的句子 在后面加上for 一段时间 则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性 ThomashasstudiedRussian 现在不再学俄语 ThomashasstudiedRussianforthreeyears ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago andisstillstudyingitnow 同第2点用法第一个例句 现在完成时的 完成 和 未完成 用法 7 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作 Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester have has gone和have has been的区别 1 have has gone表示 已经去某地了 ShehasgonetoShanghai 她可能已在去上海的路上 或已到上海 总之现在不在这里 2 have has been表示 曾经去过某地 ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes 她已经不在上海 只说明她曾经去过 非延续性动词不能与时间段连用 go come begin start die buy borrow sell leave arrive receive become等词语是瞬间动词表示的动作是一时的 不能延续 不能与for since等表示一段时间的词连用 也不能用于howlong引导的疑问句中 如不能说 Hehasborrowedthebookfortwomonths 但可以说 Hehaskeptthebookfor2months 或 Ithasbeen2monthssinceheborrowedthebook 或 Twomonthshaspassedsinceheborrowedthebook 这些瞬间动词常与它对应的可以表示时间段的词语进行互换 become beborrow keepbuy havebegin start beonopen beopendie bedeadleave beawaycome behere ingoout beoutjoin beamember beinbegintostudy study 注明 非延续性动词在否定结构中可用于现在完成时态 Ihaven tboughtanythingfortwodays 动词的过去分词的规则变化 在动词后加ed 规则变化有以下四种 原形 ed如 worked passed 词尾是e时 直接加d如 likedlived 若词尾为 辅音字母加y 则改y为i加ed 词尾为 元音字母 y 时 直接加d 如 playedstayedstudiedcried 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节是 双写最后一个辅音字母加ed 如 stoppeddropped 动词的过去分词的规则变化 不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律 AAA put put putlet let letABA become became becomeABB stand stood stoodABC eat ate eaten AAA cost cost costread read readput put putcut cut cutlet let letset set setbeat beat beathit hit hithurt hurt hurtspit spit spitrid rid rid一 原形 过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词 结尾字母一般是t或d 特殊 动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致 read read read 但发音分别是 ri d red red 有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的 run ran runcome came comebecome became becomeovercome overcame overcome ABA ABB 含规则动词 1 另有一些其它形式的变化 have has had hadleave left leftlose lost lostmake made madefeel felt feltspell spelt speltstand stood stood2 改变单词中间元音字母 sit sat sat babysit win won wonshine shone shonehold held heldfind found foundhear heard heardhang hung hanged hung hanged ABB 含规则动词 ABC ABC 有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en 变成以en结尾的单词 take took takengive gave givenfall fell falleneat ate eatenwrite wrote writtenspeak spoke spokenfreeze froze frozenride rode riddenget got gotten got