考研冲刺翻译课件PDF版.pdf

2010 考研英语大纲 翻译 考研英语大纲 翻译 硕士研究生入学英语考试将英译汉试题作为阅读理解的一部分 主要考查考生准确 理解内容或结构较复杂的英语材料的能力 09 考研英语真题 考研翻译标准 忠实 流畅 考研翻译的解题步骤 例 45 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience but this effect is not a part of its original motive 考研翻译的实质 1 读懂句子 2 译成汉语 那么 1 如何读懂英语 单词 词组 句子结构的把握 2 如何落笔成文 选择词义 调整语序 考研翻译三步法 1 切分句子 2 分段翻译 3 宏观调整 拿满分 第一步 切分句子 It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience but this effect is not a part of its original motive 句子中的切分点 1 从句引导词 定语 状语 名词性 主语 表语 宾语 同位语 which that who how when where as 时间 方式 原因 though 让步 if 条件 because 原 因 by 方式 1 He is a boy who loves his country 2 He strikes the iron as it s hot 3 That China threatens the world is not true at all 4 The saying that China threatens the world is not true at all 5 The last thing that I want to say here is that I hate you 2 表并列成分的连词 and or but We here highly resolve that these dead should not die in vain that this nation under god shall have new birth of freedom and that government of the people by the people for the people shall not perish from the world 3 主句和长修饰语间切开 to of 注意以下介词 通常引导很长的后置定语 请切开 His power to understand a long and pure abstracted train of thought was very limited for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics This very difficulty may have the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations 4 插入语先隔离开 可用括号 Chapter two contains only four items and I shall say no more about them except that given they are under consideration we shall not let the grass grow under feet but attempt as early as possible to arrive at a common understanding in the interest of humanity 练习 1 Although it is we who are really moving all the stars circle round a point that is exactly above our North Pole if we live north of the equator 练习 2 Behaviorists in contrast say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy 练习 3 Social science is a branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned orderly systematic and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena 讲义第一页 切分练习 2001 第二步 分段翻译 注意一个要点 面对 新词 要懂得利用上下文进行联想和推理 新词 1 完全新词 2 熟词辟义 3 产生新意 例句 Supernova is a massive star which undergoes gravitational collapse Venus rotates retrograde and it spins in the opposite direction of its orbit around the Sun We can t practice out duet now because I lost the score and can t get a new one until the music store open on next Monday However the elegant systems in the world are unable to deal with some of the world s most fascinating and delightful aspects 练习 教材第一页 2001 年 第三步 宏观调整 调整词序 语序 调整习惯 汉语英语的习惯是相互颠倒的 1 汉语的内容习惯内容习惯 因 果 假设 推论 事实 结论 I must repay you because you saved my life 2 汉语的形式习惯形式习惯 状语和定语在前 名词和谓语在后 1997 年 香港回归祖国 I studied very hard in the classroom at 6 every morning 例句 Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century because nowhere in nature is it found free owing to its always being combined with other elements most commonly with oxygen for which it has a strong affinity 三步法综合练习 2002 年 61 One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind feelings traits of character human nature and so on 63 The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied 常见考研英语翻译考点 1 定语从句 绝对重点 绝对考点 绝对考 a 合译 定语从句结构简单 信息量不大 He is the boy who loves his country 62 We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages 译法 即把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面 b 拆译 定语从句复杂 信息量大 I told the story to John who told it to his brother 71 Some claim that there is an agreed perception with regard to human rights which is actually something that the world does not have 2 同位语从句的翻译 和定语从句的区别 Last night I had a dream that I became a prince and lived happily with my princess in the castle 完整 内容 Last night I had a dream that was very beautiful and romantic 不完整 性质 译法 冒号 或 逗号 即 This trend began during the Second World War when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail 3 there be 句型 a 把英语中的状语翻译成汉语后作主语 简称状语变主语语变主语 There is a temple on the hill 状语 山上有座庙 There are two monks in the temple 状语 庙里有两个和尚 There is a cup on the table 状语 桌上有个杯子 b 增加 人们 大家 我们人们 大家 我们 等汉语的泛指主语 There is no agreement c 翻译为汉语的无主句 有 出现 存在有 出现 存在 There will be a warm winter 将出现一个暖冬 请看讲义第一页 71 4 短语作定语的情况 现在 过去 分词 介词 不定式 The policeman directing the traffic is very responsible The statue beautifully designed in the park caught much attention from the visitors 讲义 P1 71 The concept peculiar to the public has yet to be proved The solution to solve the problem does not work 例 1 Although it is we who really moving the stars all seem to circle round a point exactly above our North Pole if we live north of the equator 例 2 Additional social concerns may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements they became relatively easy nowadays due to modern means of transportation 5 比较结构 1 as as 和 一样 2 not so as 和 不一样 3 not so much as 与其说 不如说 4 rather than 而不是 与其说 不如说 5 less and more 与其说 不如说 as as While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past not so much as Science moves forward they say not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools rather than When that happens it is not a mistake it is mankind s instinct for moral reasoning that works an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at less and more Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves 6 插入结构 按原顺序翻 通常译在句首 Thus the anthropological concept of culture like the concept of set in mathematics is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding 7 倒装结构 译法 恢复正常顺序后直接翻译译法 恢复正常顺序后直接翻译 a 否定词置于句首 Never in my life have I heard such a nonsense b Only 置于句首 Only in China has this job been finished c 副词置于句首 Odd though it sounds cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence 8 被动句 1 主宾颠倒的方式翻译 2 补入主语 人们 有人 3 主动化翻译 受到 得到 接受 加以 为 所 由 来 是 的 She was given this pen by her father She was seen to enter this building when the crime was committed He cannot be operated upon because he was so weak The immigrants are warmly welcomed by the local people It leads the discussion to extremes at the beginning it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans or with no consideration at all 9 形式主语 可以当作固定词组 翻译到整句话最前面 形式主语 可以当作固定词组 翻译到整句话最前面 it is reported that 据报道 it is important that 重要的是 例 Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a country s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds 被动形式主语汇总 It is said It is reported It is estimated It must be pointed out that It must be admitted that It has been found that It is agreed that It is believed that It is imagined that It