小学英语语法陈述句.doc

小学英语语法陈述句陈述句：陈述句主要是用来陈述事实或观点，传递信息，提供情况。陈述句又分为肯定的陈述句和否定的陈述句，简称为肯定句(The Affirmative Sentence)和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。陈述句在书写时句末有句号，而在朗读时则用降调。例句：China is the largest country in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。I didnt tell him anything.我什么也没有告诉他。陈述句转换感叹句详解一、如何快速掌握感叹句?学会分析五种基本句型的句子成分是快速掌握感叹句的关键，陈述句变感叹句实际上就是句子成分位置的移动。例1 She is smiling sweetly.How sweetly she is smiling!(移动状语)二、哪些句子成分可能会移动位置?通过对句子成分的分析我们就可以确定哪个句子成分需要挪动位置，一般说来含有形容词的名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语需要变动位置。位置可能会变动的句子成分：宾语、表语和状语。例2 Mr Turner told us a funny story.What a funny story Mr Turner told us!(移动宾语含有形容词的名词短语)三、如何确定使用what还是使用how?当我们做句型变换或选择题时需要自己确定到底是用what还是用how，一般可以这样来确定：位于主语之前的是名词短语时用what，是形容词或副词短语时用how。但这种格式例外: how + adj. + a/ an + N例3 What a cool bike you are riding!(a cool bike 名词短语)例4 How fast he is riding!(fast 副词)例5 How cool a bike you are riding!(how + adj. + a/ an +N)四、如何判断是否使用冠词、使用什么样的冠词?名词的复数形式和不可数名词之前不使用冠词，以元音音素开头的词语之前用an，以辅音音素开头的词语之前用a。例6 What beautiful sunshine it is today!(sunshine 不可数名词)例7 What a useful book this is!(useful 以辅音音素开头)例8 What an old house that is!(old 以元音音素开头)五、感叹句有哪几种格式?简单地说是“两型七式”：两种句型是以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型，七种格式是 what + a + adj. + N+ S +V what + an + adj. +N +S +V what + adj. + N(不可数) + S +V what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S+V how + adj.+ S +V how + adv. + S + V how + adj. + a/ an + N + S+V例 What exciting news it is!(what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S + V结构)例9 What good teachers they are!(what + adj. + N(可数名词复数形式)+ S+V结构)例10 How warmly they are discussing!(how + adv. + S + V结构)例11 How beautiful a picture it is!(how + adj. + a/ an + N + S + V 结构)六、以what开头的句型和以how开头的句型怎样进行转换?这两种句型之间的转换主要是指以下两种情况而言的:1.含有“a/ an + adj. + N ”结构的句子方法是把形容词单独抽出来放在名词短语的前面和how搭配使用。2.名词短语作主语而表语是形容词的句子方法是把主语当作“a/ an + adj. + N”结构的中心名词而用人称代词充当主语。例12 What an expensive glass he broke! How expensive a glass he broke!例13 How beautiful the birds are! what beautiful birds they are!(说明：N代表名词，未特别说明者代表可数名词的单数形式，S代表主语，V代表动词)七、在感叹句中哪些词语常常省略?常常省略的是充当主语的人称代词和动词be。例14 What a naughty boy!(省略了he is)八、有什么巧妙的办法记住这些规律吗?以上的解释说明似乎很复杂，其实理清了思路、抓住了要领、掌握了规律并不是那么难的。为了便于同学们记忆我把以上规律编成了一段顺口溜，请同学们对照阅读。陈述句述事实，感叹句表感情。陈述变成感叹句，主谓系表先分清。宾语状语移句首，表语亦须打头阵。名词之前用what，形副之前how先行。复数名词无冠词，事先分析莫轻心。如果名词不可数，摒弃a, an不留情。冠词a, an要分明，清音辅音是标准。句子结构要完整，标点符号亦变更。总结规律进步快，编个歌诀给你听。肯定句变否定句的方法1. be动词的否定式be 动词根据不同的人称和时态有不同的形式，在一般现在时中是am , is , are可用作联系动词，构成否定式时，一律在其后面加否定词not.He is reading. - He is not reading. They are from China. - They are not from China.2. 情态动词的否定式情态动词的否定式是在其后面直接加not. 如：I can swim. - I cant swim. He can dance. - He cant dance. You should go to school at seven. - You shouldnt go to school at seven.3. 实义动词的否定句实义动词变否定句时，要借助助动词do , does，在一般现在时中用do或者does其句子结构为：主语+ dont / doesnt + 动词原形+其它 例如：I like pop music. - I dont like pop music. He likes running. - He doesnt like running.She does her homework at home. - She doesnt do her homework at home陈述句由直接引语变间接引语将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句跟在引述动词之后(that也可省略)。如：“I dont love her.” he says. 他说。如：“我不爱她。”He says that he doesnt love her. 他说他不爱她。注意：若引述动词用的是say to sb，则通常改为tell sb。如：“Its a secret.” he said to me. 他对我说。如：“这是秘密。”He told me that it was a secret. 他对我说那是秘密。(2)若直接引语是两个并列的陈述句，要注意在第二个宾语从句前加连词that。如：He says, “I like singing and I want to be a singer.” 他说。如：“我喜欢唱歌，我想当歌手。”He says that he likes singing and that he wanted to be a singer. 他说他喜欢唱歌，想当歌手。在此种情况下，引导第一个宾语从句的that有时可以省略，但引导第二个宾语从句的that通常不省略，以免误解。陈述句经典练习题一、将下列句子变为否定句，每空一词。This is a desk.This _ a desk.Grandpa tells stories to us every evening.Grandpa _ _ stories to us every evening. He can draw pictures.He _ draw pictures. He has a nice watch.He _ _ a nice watch. They do a lot of homework at school.They _ _ a lot of homework at school. You must play football here.You _ play football here. They are having an English class.They _ _ an English class. Peter goes to the zoo once a year.Peter _ _ to the zoo once a year.二、连词成句。1. playing , like , I , football_2.arent , any , wall , the , pictures , there , on_3.waiting , bus , for , the , we , are_4.much , the , how , shirt , is_陈述句巩固练习题一、选择题1._ delicious the dish is!A. What B. How C. What a2._ strange clothes he is wearing!A. What a B. What C. How a3._ an interesting subject it is!A. What B. How C. What an4._ foggy it was yesterday!A. What B. What a C. How5._ careless a boy you are!A. How B. What a C. What二、把下列的句子改为感叹句。(答案不唯一)1.A: Jill is drawing a beautiful picture.B: _2.A: Mr Wang is a busy man.B: _3.A: The cat is very happy.B: _4.A: The trac