四级句子翻译的常用技巧.doc

四级句子翻译的常用技巧英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言，英语重形合，汉语重意合。有人把英语句子比喻为树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林，脉络难析，主次难辨，而把汉语句子比喻为枝干分明的竹林，脉络清晰，主次易辨。翻译时，根据表达习惯，英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致，因此，翻译时，也时常需要根据表达习惯，对句序进行相应的调整。现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学 英语四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法，那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法：正反、反正表达法，分句、合句法。正反、反正表达法由于民族文化和思维方式不同，英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时，英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的，而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达，如例1、例2、例3。反之，汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子，译成英语时需要从反面进行表达，如例4、例5、例6。此外，汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构，如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。一、I.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达例1：他提出的论据相当不充实。译文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin. 例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。译文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)例3：他七十岁了，可是并不显老译文：He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)II.汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达例4：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常译文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)例5：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。译文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease. (短语)例6：这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。译文：Such actions couldnt long escape notice. (句子)III.特殊的否定句例7：有利必有弊。译文：There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定)例8：我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。译文：In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定转移)二分句、合句法很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。I.分句法汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文真的不掉线吗？、？冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。如以下五个例子：例1. 少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分译)译文： Youth will soon be gone， never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years例2. 她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译)译文： Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.例3. 声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减，但不受气压的影响。(从关联词处分译)译文： The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air.例4. 我们的政策是实行一个国家，两种制度，具体说，就是在中华人民共和国内，有着十多亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度，香港、台湾地区实行资本主义制度。(原文出现总说或分述时要分译)译文： We are pursuing a policy of one country with two systems. More specifically, this means that within the Peoples Republic of China, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system.例5. 我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正在深入人心。(为了强调语气而采用分译)译文： We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory. Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change. The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.II.合句法英汉两种语言的句子结构不完全相同，尽管英语句子日趋简洁，但是从句套从句，短语含短语的句型也是频频出现。一般而言，一个英语句子的信息包含量要大于一个汉语句子，因此，我们在做汉译英的时候，常常把汉语的两个句子，甚至更多句子，合译成英语的一句。使用合句法还可以使译文紧凑、简练。如以下三个例子：例6：一代人与一代人之间的冲突，也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突，似乎是最可笑的。因为这就是现在的自己与将来的自己，或者说过去的自己与现在的自己的冲突。(在关联词处合译)译文：A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.例7：对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。(从主语变换处合译)译文：To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king.例8：第二天，我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字，比前一个电报说得更详细。(按内容连贯合译)译文：The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details.2010年公共英语四级pets4翻译精选（一）1) I was scared of leaving the protective bubble of this place for places unknown,during uncertain economic times.在经济不稳定的年代，我害怕离开这里的保护罩到未知的地方去。2) You are the only one who can answer that,But what I can offer as guidance,and reassurance,is a story:the story of one Stanford graduates process of stumbling and searching to find a place in the world,oftentimes in the face of her fears.你是仅仅一个可以回答这个问题的人，但是我能够讲一个故事为你提供引导使你放心：这是一位斯坦福大学毕真的不掉线吗？、？业生在社会上摸爬滚打以争得一席之地的故事，尽管她一直面对恐惧。3) The philosophics and ideologies themselves certainly left an impression on me.But the rigor of the distillation process,the exercise of refinement,thats where the real learning happened.这些哲理和思想的确给我留下了深刻印象,但严谨的提炼过程和不断的改进加工才是我真正学习到的东西.4)When you graduate from here,you exit with thousands of pages of personal text on which are inscribed beliefs and values shaped by years of education,family interactions,relationship,experience. 当你从这里毕业时,你会带着数千页的个人纪录走出校门,在这些记录上,是你多年来受教育,家庭,社会关系以及个人经历影响而形成的信念和价值观.5)I had convinced myself that my analytic mind and my Stanford humanities degree were enough to guell the fear.我已确信我善于分析的头脑和斯坦福大学的人文学科的学位足以平息我的恐惧.6) We all know that normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours sleep alternating with some 16-17 hours wakefulness and that,broadly speaking,the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.我们都清楚正常人每天的活动周期是大约7-8个小时睡眠和16-17个小时清醒轮流相互交替，我么也知道，一般来说，睡眠常在夜间进行。7) The case ,for example,with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls insistently for round-the-clock working of machines. 例如有种情况，自动化工厂要求持续24小时的机器运转，因此日夜颠倒上班成了一个越来越重要的问题。8) This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another,so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently. 这说明他刚适应一种工作规律就又得转向另一种工作规律,因此在他大部分时间里,休息和工作的效率很低.9) One answer would seem to be longer periods on each shift,a month,or even three months.一个解决的方法似乎是每次换班持续的时间长些,可以一个月甚至三个月换一次班.10) The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a corps of permanent night workers whose nocturnal wakefulness may persist through all weekends and holidays. 唯一能解决问题的方法是将夜班交给一些长期从事夜间工作的人,他们在周末和假期依然会保持警醒状态.2010年公共英语四级pets4翻译精选（二）11) The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire,although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.在人类文明发展的进程中，最初的两个阶段可能是原始武器的发明和火的发现，但没有人确切的知道，人类是在什么时候学会利用火的。12) Animal have a few cries that serve as signals,but even the highest apes havent been found able to pronounce words,even with the most intensive professional instructions. 动物会发出几种叫声作为信号，然而人们发现，即使是最高级的猿经过强化的专业训练也不能说出话来。13) Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practised. 在农业繁荣的地区，农业的发展使当地人口的数量大幅度增长。14) These inventions and discoveries-fire,speech,weapons,domestic animals,agriculture and writing-made the existence of civilized munities possible. 火,语言,武器,家禽,农业和文字的发明,使得文明社会有了存在的可能.真的不掉线吗？、？15) There was progress-there were even two inventions of great importance,namely gunpowder and the mariners pass-but neither of these can be pared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture. 进步是有的,有两项伟大发明,火药和航海指南针,但是,就其革命性而言,这两项发明都不能同语言,文字,和农业相比.16) Growth in electronic merce is not a straight line trend-it e slowly at first,then accelerates rapidly.电子商务的发展并非一帆风顺，而是经历了缓慢起步才加速前进的。17) Noheless,although it may take six years to reach sales of 1 trillion dollars,it wont take six more to reach 2 trillion,nor perhaps even two to expaned from 2 to 4 trillion dollars.尽管可能需要六年时间才能使销售收入达到1万亿美元,但是从1万亿到2万亿美元则不会再用六年时间,而从2万亿到4万亿美元甚至用不了两年时间.18) Electronic mence will turn the world into one giant shopping mall for products,services,and investments.电子商务将会把世界变成一个集提供产品，服务与投资与一体的大型购物中心。19) By 2005,more than half of the average employees working hours in advanced countries(like the United States and the United Kingdom)will be spent at home.到2005年，发达国家雇员的平均工作时间将有一半以上在家中度过。20) Employees will be,figuratively speaking,in the drivers seat.打个比方来说，雇员将会坐在驾驶座上，即取得主动权2010年公共英语四级pets4翻译精选（五）41) Owning Norand also allowed Pioneer to explore high-technology markets outside agriculture.拥有罗兰德，先锋国际就可以在农业外的高科技市场放手一搏了。42) Pioneer always took a given percent of the annual profits to divide equally among all employees,so our profit-sharing checks were higher than if Pioneer had not purchased Norand.Additionally,my Pioneer stock was lower than it had been before the purchase of Norand.I was not pleased.先锋国际的老规律是拿出一定比例的年利润平均分配给所有的雇员,所以我们分的的利润比收购罗兰德之前减少了，此外，先锋国际的股票也比收购前下跌了，我很不高兴。43) The CEO of pioneer,Tom Urban,made annualformal visits to each of the Pioneer divisions to talk about the state of the business and to listen to employees concerns.先锋国际的CEO汤姆每年都到每个公司进行常规视察，向员工通报业务情况，听员工们所关心的事情。44) As I sat listening to him,I knew I could trust him,and that he deserved every bit of loyalty I could give to him and to Pioneer.当我坐在那里听他说话的时候，我知道我能够信任他，我知道他值得我为他和先锋国际奉献出自己的忠诚。45) In the brief moment of silence before the questions started,I recalled thinking that I would follow him into any battle.在提问开始之前，那一瞬间的沉默中，我重新坚定了自己的信念，我将跟随他在每一次战役中冲锋陷阵。46) Mans preoccupation with time derives ultimately from his unique relationship to it.All animals are changed by it.But only human can manipulate it.人们对时间的关注来源于他们与时间的特殊关系。所有的动物都随着时间的改变而改变，但是只有人类可以驾驭时间。47) It can be argued that momeny and foresightedness are the essence of intelligence;that mans ability to manupulate time,to employ both past and future as guides to present action,is what makes him human. 可以证明的是,记忆力和预见能力是智力的重要部分,人类之所以是人类就在于他具有驾驭时间的能力,他能用过去和将来指导当前的行为.48) But if the delay stretchs beyond 30 seconds.the animal is at a loss.It can no longer associate reward so far in the future with present action.但是如果超出30秒,这种动物就会不知所措。它无法将当前的行为与未来的奖赏联想到一起。49) But after that time interval ,the monkeys hunt for the food is no better than chances predicts.但是过了这段时间间隔，猴子就只能靠自己找到食物了。50) They can learn to stack four boxes,one atop the other,as a platform from which it can reach a hanging banana.They also carry their ability to cope with the present action by means of tools like human being.他们会学着将4个盒子堆在一起，搭成一个台子去拿挂着的香蕉，他们还会像人类那样运用工具去解决当前的问题。 真的不掉线吗？、？三年级心理健康试卷 姓名_ 学号_ 班级_ 成绩_ 1. 在家里做功课碰到难题，你会怎么解决？2. 遇到一道难题，很久都解不出来，经过努力，终于找到了解题的方法，这时，你的感受是怎样的？3. 当学习上遇到难题，不要轻言放弃，相信自己经过努力能够攻克难题，这是为什么？真的不掉线吗？、？4. 你的好朋友语文考试得了好成绩，你会怎样做呢？5. 当家人错怪你时，你会怎样做呢？ 为什么？ 真的不掉线吗？、？经典句子见证绝美爱情英译中练习I1. No matter the ending is perfect or not, you cannot disappear from my world. 译：不管结局是否完美,在我的世界里不允许你的消失。2. Love is a carefully designed lie. 译：爱情是一个精心设计的谎言3.Fading is true while flowering is past.译1：凋谢是真实的，盛开只是一种过去。译2：4. If you weeped for the missing sunset,you would miss all the shining stars.译：如果你为着错过夕阳而哭泣，那么你就要错过群星了。5.If we can only encounter each other rather than stay with each other,then I wish we had never encountered . 译：宁愿笑著流泪,也不愿哭著说后悔。心碎了,还能补回吗？ 6. There are no trails of the wings in the sky, while the birds has flied away. 译：天空没有翅膀的痕迹，而鸟儿已飞过。7. When a cigarette falls in love with a match,it is destined to be hurt.译：香烟爱上火柴,就注定会受到伤害。8.I found one day that I had nothing except the love.译：突然有一天，我发现除了这份爱情之外，我一无所有。9.When alive ,we may probably offend some people.However, we must think about whether they are deserved to be offended. 译：人活着总是要得罪一些人的。所以，对我们自己而言，重要的并不是我们是否得罪过人，而是是那些我们得罪的人是否值得得罪。10. No one indebted for others,while many people dont know how to cherish others. 译：没有谁对不起谁,只有谁不懂得珍惜谁。真的不掉线吗？、？11.Eternity is not a distance but a decision.译：永远不是一种距离，而是一种决定。 12.Where there is great love, there are always miracles. 译：哪里有真爱，哪里就有奇迹。 13. If I had a single flower for every time I think about you, I could walk forever in my garden. 译：假如每次想起你我都会得到一朵鲜花，那么我将永远在花丛中徜徉。 14.Within you I lose myself, without you I find myself wanting to be lost again. 译：有了你，我迷失了自我。失去你，我多么希望自己再度迷失。 15. Look into my eyes - you will see what you mean to me. 译：看看我的眼睛，你会发现你对我而言意味着什么。 16.Distance makes the hearts grow fonder. 译：距离使两颗心靠得更近。 17.If equal affection cannot be, let the more loving be me. 译：如果没有相等的爱，那就让我爱多一些吧。 18.Love is a vine that grows into our hearts. 译：爱是长在我们心里的常青藤。 19.Love never dies. 译1：爱情永不死。译2：真爱永恒。译3： 20.A heart that loves is always young. 译：有爱的心永远年轻。21.Brief is life, but love is long. 译：生命虽短，爱却绵长。22.My heart is with you. 译：我的爱与你同在。 23.I miss you so much already and I havent even left yet! 译:尽管还不曾离开，我已对你朝思暮想！ 24.Wherever you go, whatever you do, I will be right here waiting for you. 译：无论你身在何处，无论你为何忙碌，我都会在此守候。 25.Love is hard to get into, but harder to get out of. 译：爱很难投入。但一旦置身其中，便更难走出。 26.Love is a light that never dims. 译：爱是一盏永不昏暗的明灯。 27.May your love soar on the wings of a dove in flight. 译：愿你的爱乘着飞翔的白鸽，展翅高飞。 28.She who has never loved, has never lived. 译：人活着总要爱一回。 29.No words are necessary between two loving hearts. 译：两颗相爱的心之间不需要言语。 30.The road to a lovers house is never long. 译：通往爱人家里的路总不会漫长。 31.Being with you is like walking on a very clear morning. 译：和你在一起就像在一个清爽的早晨漫步。 32.It is never too late to fall in love. 译：爱永远不会嫌晚。 33.To the world you may be just one person. To the person you may be the world. 译：对于世界，你可能只是一个人，但对于某个人，你却是整个世界。 34.Love is something eternal; the aspect may change, but not the essence. 译：爱是永恒的，外表可能改变，但本质永远不变。 35.Love is not a matter of counting the days. Its making the days count. 译：爱情不是数着日子过去，它让每个日子都变得有意义。 36.Love is a fabric that nature wove and fantasy embroidered. 译：爱情是一方织巾，用自然编织，用幻想点缀。 37.In the very smallest cot there is room enough for a loving pair. 译：哪怕是最小的茅舍，对一对恋人来说都有足够的空间。 38.Love without end hath no end. 译：情绵绵，爱无边。 39.In love folly is always sweet. 译：恋爱中，干傻事总是让人感到十分美妙。 40.There is no hiding from lovers eyes. 译：什么也瞒不过恋人的眼睛。 41.The only present love demands is love. 译：爱所祈求的唯一礼物就是爱。 42.Your smiling at me is my daily dose of magic. 译：你嫣然的微笑是我每日享受到的魅力。 43.Your kiss still burns on my lips, everyday of mine is so beautiful. 译：你的吻还在我的唇上发烫，从此我的日子变得如此美丽。 44.Love understands love; it needs no talk. 译：相爱的心息息相通，无需用言语倾诉。 45.Love me little and love me long. 译：不求情意绵绵，但求天长地久。 46.When the words I love you were said by you for the first time, my world blossoms. 译：第一次听到你对我说我爱你，我的世界一瞬间鲜花绽开。 47.Tell me you are mine. Ill be yours through all the years, till the end of time. 译：请告诉我你是我的。岁岁年年，我都属于你，永远永远。 48.I feel happy at times we have had angry words but these have been kissed away. 译：我们生气争执时，爱的双唇把它们吻得无影无踪，我的心也顿觉甜蜜。 49.You cannot appreciate happiness unless you have known sadness too. 译：不知道什么是忧伤，就不会真正感激幸福。 50.But if the while I think on thee, dear friend, all losses are restored, and sorrows end. 译：只要我一想起你，亲爱的人，所有的失落和遗憾烟消云散。真的不掉线吗？、？Revision of Unit 5, 8A班级：_ 学号：_ 姓名：_一、 你懂了吗？1. It is possible that +从句It is possible to do sth. 2. look frighteninglook(感官动词） +adj.(感官动词: look, hear, feel, taste, smell, sound等)3. 写出中文意思，区分以下三个词_: lay-laid-laid _: lie-lay-lain _: lie-lied-liedquick_true_ happy_possible_ 4. 形容词与副词(1)用以修饰名词，表示事物的特征的词叫_。e.g. He is careful. (2)用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词的词叫_。e.g. He listens to me carefully.e.g. He is very tall.e.g. He runs so quickly.二、 小试牛刀（一） 根据句子意思和首字母拼写单词。1. These two fish are very s_. can hardly tell the differences.2. Jack likes taking photos, so he often takes a c_ when travelling.3. The Earth is in the s_ of an orange.4. Our teachers are very kind and often r_ us as friends.5. The whale rose to the s_ of the sea and took a deep breath.6. The bird could not fly high because one of its w_ was hurt. 7. It is kind of the boy to o_ help to the old lady.8. What about going to the park to b_ the fresh air? Good idea!9. Marys parents p_ to buy her a big Teddy bear if she did a good job in the final exam.（二）根据中文完成句子。1.汤姆认为，那是一部好电影。 Tom, that is a wonder film.2.听到这个消息后，她马上站起来。She stood up _ _ _when hearing the news. 真的不掉线吗？、？3.那种海鸟通常在冬季产卵。That kind of seabirds usually _ _in winter. 4.老板对他的工作非常满意。The boss_ _ _ his work. 5.所有的鞋子都卖完了。All the shoes are _ _.6.她们从集邮中获得很大的乐趣。They_ _ _ _collecting stamps.7.他将离开这里去北京。He will_ _Beijing. 8.这种动物看起来很怪。This kind of animal _ _.9.她把这张纸折成心形。She folded the paper_ _ _ _a heart. 10.这部电影是基于一个真实的故事。This film is_ _a true story. 11.自从那以后，他更加努力学习了。_ _ _, he studied even harder. 12.他一生都在研究动物。He studied animals _ _ _.14.我的电脑和你的是一样的。My puter is_ _ _yours.15.现在手机好像到处都是。Nowadays, mobile phones_ _ _ everywhere.16.众所周知，鹿的前额顶部有两个角。As we all know, a deer has two horns_ _ _ _ its forehead.17.雄性的海马竟然生孩子，真是令人难以置信It is unbelievable that male sea horses _ _. 18.除了玛丽打字的声音外，这所房子很安静。The house was quiet _ _ the sound of Mary typing.19.这部电影是根据一本名著改编的。This film _ _ _ a famous novel.20.我们认为你这种行为是犯罪行为。We _ your action _ a crime.（三）选择填空。1. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed _A. happily B. happy C. happier D. happiest2. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes. She is _.A. carelessly B. careful C. carefully D. careless3. He told a lie. He _to us yesterday. 真的不掉线吗？、？A. laid B. lay C. lied D. lain4. - Yesterday the weather turned bad suddenly.- It snow