古文翻译-师说.doc

师说On Learning from Others古之学者必有师，师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之，生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之后生于吾乎？是故，无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。Learning necessitates an instructor, on whom we depend to impart knowledge to us, teach us the way of life and solve our puzzles. Who would claim to be free of bewilderment since no one was born omniscient? If we feel unsure about something and do not learn from others, the uncertainty will not be solved all the same. Those who were born before me would probably know the way of life before me, I should learn from them; those who were born after me but knew the way of life before me, I should also learn from them. Whats the matter of someone being older or younger than me when I intend to learn from him or her? Therefore, a talented person deserves to be learned from whether he or she is noble or simple, old or young.嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣！欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其皆出于此乎？爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉，惑矣！。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者，非吾所谓传其道解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不焉，小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医，乐师，百工之人，不耻相师。士大夫之族，日师日弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之，则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也，位卑则足羞，官盛则近庚。”呜呼！师道之不复，可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！Alas, it is a long time since the tradition of learning from others was cut off. So it is difficult to expect people to be free from puzzles. Saints of ancient times outdid us in virtue, but they still learned from others; common people of today fall behind far off, but they take it as a shame to learn from others. As a result, the wise becomes wiser and the fool more foolish. Is this the outcome of the phenomenon? A devoted parent hires an instructor to teach his offspring but feels shameful to learn himself. How stupid he is. The hired teacher teaching someone to read and write is not the one who teaches us to know the way of life and solves our puzzles. How can someone who cannot even read and writhe solve his bewilderment? To this, he may learn from others or may not do so at all. It is not wise or advisable to learn to solve petty fleabites but miss to learn to resolve worrying puzzles. Medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen are not feeling shameful to learn from each others advantage. Pedantic scholars would gather together laughing someone who learns from others. I asked them and they responded, “Suppose someone is as knowledgeable as you and of about the same age, it would be shameful to learn from him if he is inferior to you and somehow flattering to do the same if he is a noble rank official.” Alas, I know why the tradition of learning from others is cut off. Pedantic scholars are despising medicine men, musicians and handicraftsmen, however, they, in return, are not wiser than them at all. How strange it is.圣人无常师。孔子师郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃。郯子之陡，其贤不及孔子。孔子曰：三人行，必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师，师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先之后，术业有专攻，如是而已。Saints have not just learned something from one instructor. Confucius (551-479 BC) once learned from Tanzi (?), Changhong (?-492 BC), Shixiang (?) and Laozi (?). Confucius once said that there was always something to learn from among any three people walking. So a disciple does not have to be wiser and more knowledgeable than his instructor, and vice versa. One learns the way of life earlier or later than others and has his own professional skills. That is the way it is.李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文、六艺，经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。余嘉其能行古道，作师说以贻之。Li Pan, a seventeen-year-old boy, is fond of Classic Chinese wri